一.產品介紹
河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷史(shi)悠久,建國(guo)前(qian)在(zai)農(nong)村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)曾經零星種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)染(ran)(ran)葵(kui)(kui),可作染(ran)(ran)料染(ran)(ran)土(tu)布,食用(yong)(yong)甚少。由于化學工業(ye)(ye)的發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),染(ran)(ran)葵(kui)(kui)逐漸絕跡,被(bei)食用(yong)(yong)葵(kui)(kui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所代替。7O年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代前(qian),河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)地(di)區(qu)的向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)多(duo)在(zai)屋前(qian)屋后、地(di)邊地(di)堰等(deng)零星種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),巴彥(yan)(yan)淖爾(er)市(shi)農(nong)研所利用(yong)(yong)重鹽堿地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)47畝(mu)(mu)(mu),單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)98.2公斤(jin),同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)杭錦(jin)后旗(qi)四支公社新永大(da)(da)隊、紅星公社紅星二隊也在(zai)重鹽堿地(di)上種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)1700畝(mu)(mu)(mu),單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)75公斤(jin),1973年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),內蒙農(nong)研所在(zai)臨河(he)(he)區(qu)狼山公社迎(ying)勝三隊利用(yong)(yong)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)棄耕地(di)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)100畝(mu)(mu)(mu),單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)65公斤(jin)。巴彥(yan)(yan)淖爾(er)市(shi)河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)灌區(qu)從(cong)1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)始大(da)(da)片種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),1973-1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),臨河(he)(he)杭后兩(liang)區(qu)縣共(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1.8萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(全市(shi)2.96萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu))。1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全市(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)34900畝(mu)(mu)(mu),單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)51公斤(jin),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)1785000公斤(jin)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),隨(sui)著農(nong)村(cun)經濟(ji)政策(ce)的落(luo)實,河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)得到(dao)(dao)迅(xun)猛發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),由單(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)套(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)專(zhuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)90000畝(mu)(mu)(mu),套(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)80000畝(mu)(mu)(mu),共(gong)170000畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)面(mian)積(ji)猛增到(dao)(dao)620000畝(mu)(mu)(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)專(zhuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)307500畝(mu)(mu)(mu),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)47737000公斤(jin)。為(wei)提(ti)高單(dan)位面(mian)積(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量,在(zai)單(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的基礎(chu)上,逐步擴大(da)(da)糧油(you)草套(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(小麥套(tao)(tao)(tao)葵(kui)(kui)花、葵(kui)(kui)花套(tao)(tao)(tao)草木樨(xi))面(mian)積(ji)。使農(nong)民(min)增加(jia)了(le)收入(ru),培(pei)肥了(le)地(di)力(li)。到(dao)(dao)1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全市(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)達(da)674800畝(mu)(mu)(mu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)專(zhuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)318000畝(mu)(mu)(mu),套(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)356800畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)到(dao)(dao)1158000畝(mu)(mu)(mu),套(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與專(zhuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)(da)體(ti)相等(deng),平均(jun)單(dan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)1615000公斤(jin),總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)186960000公斤(jin)。七十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)(zhong)期開(kai)始,農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部門組(zu)織有關單(dan)位大(da)(da)力(li)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),積(ji)極培(pei)育、引進、推廣(guang)油(you)葵(kui)(kui)優良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),擴大(da)(da)油(you)葵(kui)(kui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji),加(jia)強科技推廣(guang),改進耕作條(tiao)件,增加(jia)物質投入(ru),使向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)水平和生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)力(li)不斷(duan)提(ti)高,地(di)方品(pin)牌不斷(duan)出現.“河(he)(he)套(tao)(tao)(tao)三道眉”、“星火花葵(kui)(kui)”,上世紀(ji)九十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代譽滿(man)全國(guo).進入(ru)國(guo)際市(shi)場。向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)是巴彥(yan)(yan)淖爾(er)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)的支柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)之一(yi),目前(qian),巴彥(yan)(yan)淖爾(er)市(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)日(ri)葵(kui)(kui)面(mian)積(ji)2400000畝(mu)(mu)(mu),平均(jun)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)250公斤(jin),其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值占種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值的1/3,對增加(jia)農(nong)民(min)收入(ru)起到(dao)(dao)主導作用(yong)(yong),并使我市(shi)成(cheng)為(wei)國(guo)內外眾多(duo)葵(kui)(kui)花加(jia)工企業(ye)(ye)的大(da)(da)型原料區(qu)域。
二(er).自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌(mao)情況:以陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)為(wei)界大(da)體可分為(wei)三大(da)區域:陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)以北是(shi)以荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)半荒(huang)(huang)漠(mo)為(wei)主的(de)(de)烏拉特草原(yuan),中部為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)山(shan)地(di),陰(yin)(yin)山(shan)南麓(lu)至黃河北岸為(wei)河套平(ping)原(yuan),河套平(ping)原(yuan)地(di)勢平(ping)坦、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)較好(hao),有黃河灌(guan)溉之(zhi)利。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類型主要有灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、鹽土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、風沙土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、堿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和新積土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。灌(guan)區的(de)(de)主要耕(geng)作土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤是(shi)灌(guan)淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),其表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)壤質(zhi)灌(guan)淤層(ceng)(ceng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤肥沃,耕(geng)地(di)性良(liang)好(hao)。pH值在7.5-8.0之(zhi)間,有機質(zhi)含量高,微量元素豐(feng)富,塿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)含有豐(feng)富的(de)(de)有機質(zhi),具有良(liang)好(hao)團粒結構,上層(ceng)(ceng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)宜(yi)保苗,下層(ceng)(ceng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)宜(yi)營養(yang)共給,非常適宜(yi)向日(ri)葵的(de)(de)生長發(fa)育。
2、水(shui)(shui)文情況:巴彥淖(nao)爾市水(shui)(shui)源充沛(pei),灌(guan)溉(gai)便利(li)。黃河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經河(he)套(tao)平(ping)(ping)原345公(gong)(gong)里(li),年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)315億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米。河(he)套(tao)灌(guan)區由黃河(he)三盛公(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)利(li)樞紐自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai),每年(nian)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)40-50億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米,是亞洲最大的(de)一首制自流(liu)(liu)(liu)引(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)區,也是全國三大灌(guan)區之一。灌(guan)區現已形成7級灌(guan)溉(gai)體系,各級渠道總長16800公(gong)(gong)里(li);有7級排水(shui)(shui)體系,各級排溝總長12670公(gong)(gong)里(li),灌(guan)區農田全部實(shi)現了灌(guan)排配套(tao)。陰山以(yi)北季節性流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)31000平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1.1億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米。地下水(shui)(shui)資源量(liang)(liang)(liang)24.5億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米,可(ke)開采量(liang)(liang)(liang)7.3億立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良好(hao),礦物質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富(fu),無工業(ye)污染,為優質(zhi)葵花生產(chan)創造了得天獨厚的(de)自然條件。
3、氣候情況:巴彥淖爾市深居歐亞(ya)板塊內陸,屬典型溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大陸性氣候。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)日照時數3210.8-3305.8小時,太陽輻射(she)總量每平(ping)方厘米(mi)146-152千卡;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)6.1-7.6℃日,平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)差13-14℃;無霜(shuang)期(qi)127-135天,≥10℃的積溫(wen)(wen)2876-3221℃;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量180毫(hao)米(mi),平(ping)均蒸發量2200毫(hao)米(mi)。
三.地域范圍
巴彥淖(nao)爾市地處(chu)祖國(guo)北(bei)部邊疆,位(wei)于內蒙古(gu)自治區西(xi)部,東(dong)與(yu)包頭市、烏蘭察(cha)布市為(wei)鄰(lin),西(xi)與(yu)阿(a)拉善盟(meng)、烏海市連,南隔黃河與(yu)鄂(e)爾多斯(si)市相望,北(bei)與(yu)蒙古(gu)人民共和(he)國(guo)接壤,東(dong)西(xi)長278千米(mi),南北(bei)寬238千米(mi)。海拔在1000~1800米(mi)之間。地理(li)坐標在東(dong)經105°12’至109°53’,北(bei)緯(wei)40°13’至42°28’之間。全市總面積(ji)65551平方公(gong)(gong)里。河套(tao)向日葵農產品地理(li)標志地域保護(hu)范圍是巴彥淖(nao)爾市所轄的7個(ge)旗(qi)縣區、40個(ge)蘇(su)木鄉鎮、601個(ge)嘎喳(zha)村。總生產面積(ji)133333.33公(gong)(gong)頃,年總產量440000噸。
四.產品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外形感(gan)官(guan)特征:河套向日葵(kui)植株莖桿高大、粗壯、根(gen)系發達,抗(kang)倒(dao)、耐(nai)水、耐(nai)肥(fei)。籽粒(li)大、圓滑、光亮,色澤統一、飽滿性(xing)好,空(kong)殼少、產量高。
2、內在品(pin)質特性:河(he)套(tao)向日(ri)葵籽(zi)仁,脂肪含(han)量41.2g/100g,油(you)(you)酸(suan)含(han)量6.06g/100g,亞(ya)油(you)(you)酸(suan)含(han)量8.38g/100g,葵花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)仁口(kou)感(gan)純(chun)香,香脆可口(kou),不油(you)(you)膩。用其壓(ya)(ya)榨出(chu)的(de)葵花(hua)(hua)籽(zi)油(you)(you),營養豐富,富含(han)亞(ya)油(you)(you)酸(suan),有健(jian)康(kang)油(you)(you)、延(yan)壽油(you)(you)之稱,遠遠高于市(shi)面上的(de)菜籽(zi)油(you)(you)、粟(su)米油(you)(you)、大豆(dou)油(you)(you)的(de)含(han)量,是上等油(you)(you)脂。有補虛(xu)損,降血(xue)(xue)脂,降血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)、保護(hu)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)彈性、抗(kang)癌(ai)之功效。