一.產品介紹
【歷(li)(li)史(shi)文獻】據《同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)志》及(ji)《同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)農業區(qu)(qu)劃(hua)》記(ji)載,神(shen)奇、美麗、富(fu)饒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)南(nan)州同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)處青(qing)海(hai)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)農業區(qu)(qu)向青(qing)南(nan)牧(mu)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡地(di)(di)帶,境內高差起伏大(da)(da)(da),氣候變化復雜,生(sheng)物生(sheng)態(tai)類型多(duo)(duo)樣,有(you)(you)(you)(you)蜿蜒(yan)流淌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隆(long)務(wu)(wu)(wu)河,穿境而過,稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“金(jin)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷地(di)(di)”。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)歷(li)(li)史(shi)悠久,在(zai)(zai)(zai)漢(han)朝時(shi)(shi)期,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)北(bei)部(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢(han)朝屯(tun)(tun)田之地(di)(di)。唐中宗時(shi)(shi),這(zhe)里作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)城公主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯沐邑(yi),賜予吐(tu)(tu)蕃。宋代(dai)是角羅蕃政權的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勢力范圍。元明兩代(dai),始以縣(xian)境保(bao)安為(wei)(wei)(wei)觸角,有(you)(you)(you)(you)中央屯(tun)(tun)軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸入,形成(cheng)(cheng)以隆(long)務(wu)(wu)(wu)寺(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中心青(qing)海(hai)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藏傳佛教政教合一統治體(ti)系,一直延續到清(qing)代(dai)。古(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)古(gu)羌地(di)(di),西晉末(mo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吐(tu)(tu)谷渾(hun)地(di)(di),隋(sui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)達化縣(xian)地(di)(di),唐初(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)達化縣(xian)、米(mi)川縣(xian)地(di)(di),安史(shi)之亂后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)吐(tu)(tu)蕃地(di)(di),宋初(chu)(chu)吐(tu)(tu)蕃角廝轄(xia)地(di)(di),元為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴德州地(di)(di),明為(wei)(wei)(wei)貴德千戶所轄(xia),清(qing)隸(li)循(xun)(xun)化廳,明國初(chu)(chu)隸(li)循(xun)(xun)化縣(xian),1929年(nian)(nian)設(she)(she)立同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)。1949年(nian)(nian)沿舊制仍設(she)(she)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi),1952年(nian)(nian)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)藏族自(zi)治區(qu)(qu),1953年(nian)(nian)由同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)藏族自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)析置澤(ze)庫縣(xian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)改同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)藏族自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi),均(jun)隸(li)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)南(nan)藏族自(zi)治州。【歷(li)(li)史(shi)傳說】說起同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)(俗稱酸(suan)(suan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)),流傳著(zhu)神(shen)話傳說,明崇禎年(nian)(nian)間,隆(long)務(wu)(wu)(wu)寺(si)第一世夏日倉噶丹(dan)嘉(jia)措(cuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)師(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)擴建吾屯(tun)(tun)下(xia)寺(si),因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)勞累導致了(le)(le)(le)咳嗽(sou)(sou)、氣喘(chuan)(chuan),由于正在(zai)(zai)(zai)修建寺(si)院,無法休息,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi),該(gai)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一位老(lao)人(ren)帶來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)一包凍黑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li),對東(dong)(dong)(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)師(shi)說道,大(da)(da)(da)師(shi)你的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咳嗽(sou)(sou)、氣喘(chuan)(chuan)吃這(zhe)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西可以緩解,東(dong)(dong)(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)師(shi)客氣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收下(xia)后(hou),還想這(zhe)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西能(neng)吃嗎?又不(bu)(bu)想讓老(lao)人(ren)失望,當面吃了(le)(le)(le)一顆,感覺肺特(te)(te)別(bie)舒(shu)服(fu),咳嗽(sou)(sou)也少了(le)(le)(le),過了(le)(le)(le)兩三天,梨(li)(li)(li)(li)也吃完(wan)了(le)(le)(le),東(dong)(dong)(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)師(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咳嗽(sou)(sou),氣喘(chuan)(chuan)也好了(le)(le)(le),這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)科(ke)多(duo)(duo)居嘉(jia)措(cuo)經(jing)師(shi)派人(ren)去找那(nei)個(ge)送(song)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)人(ren)打聽,這(zhe)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)就(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈拉巴圖村(cun)生(sheng)長時(shi)(shi),就(jiu)派人(ren)移栽樹(shu)(shu)苗(miao),因(yin)此(ci),現在(zai)(zai)(zai)年(nian)(nian)都乎寺(si)院,郭么日寺(si)院、尕沙日寺(si)院都種(zhong)(zhong)植有(you)(you)(you)(you)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)老(lao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)。【同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)特(te)(te)性(xing)】同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)鵝卵形,長10-14cm,橫徑7-10cm;色(se)澤(ze)金(jin)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),皮薄(bo)松軟;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉酸(suan)(suan)味獨特(te)(te),清(qing)香沁人(ren);經(jing)后(hou)熟自(zi)然冷凍后(hou)逐漸變為(wei)(wei)(wei)黑褐色(se),出(chu)汁(zhi)率(lv)高,口味酸(suan)(suan)甜適中。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)養(yang)分含量(liang)豐富(fu),黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)面積(ji)大(da)(da)(da),根系發達,微量(liang)元素(su)吸(xi)收量(liang)大(da)(da)(da),因(yin)此(ci)該(gai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)中水分為(wei)(wei)(wei)85.75%,氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)達0.30%,總(zong)(zong)糖分9.01%,總(zong)(zong)酸(suan)(suan)28.84%,類胡蘿卜素(su)0.038%,并(bing)含有(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)礦物質元素(su)及(ji)各種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元素(su),該(gai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)涼解熱,降壓止咳,消痰(tan)潤肺方面具有(you)(you)(you)(you)獨特(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)鍵(jian)功能(neng),還能(neng)增(zeng)進(jin)食欲、助消化,對體(ti)虛、津液不(bu)(bu)足者裨益(yi),長期食用可補充人(ren)體(ti)鈣、磷(lin)、鐵等微量(liang)元素(su),增(zeng)強免疫力。【發展前景(jing)】進(jin)入二十世紀,特(te)(te)別(bie)是近年(nian)(nian)來(lai),隨著(zhu)科(ke)學知識的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)和人(ren)們飲(yin)食健康理念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng),人(ren)們對黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)價(jia)值和保(bao)健作(zuo)用越來(lai)越重視,目前同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)達0.068公頃,年(nian)(nian)產黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)0.042萬(wan)噸,針對黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)是青(qing)海(hai)省同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)唯有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名特(te)(te)優質果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin),近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)州縣(xian)級政府積(ji)極扶持籌資興(xing)建了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)飲(yin)品(pin)(pin)加工企業,該(gai)企業年(nian)(nian)加工能(neng)力500噸,開發了(le)(le)(le)晶(jing)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)飲(yin)料(liao)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)醋、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)酒(jiu)等高附價(jia)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)產品(pin)(pin),有(you)(you)(you)(you)利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動了(le)(le)(le)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產發展,也提高了(le)(le)(le)農民收入,種(zhong)(zhong)植黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)(li)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)場(chang)和開發前景(jing)。
二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因素
1.土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌(mao)情況:同(tong)仁市地(di)處青藏高(gao)原與黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原的過(guo)渡地(di)帶,隆務河(he)縱貫(guan)全境(jing)南(nan)北(bei),形成東(dong)西部山區和(he)中部河(he)谷地(di)區。境(jing)內山巒起(qi)伏(fu),河(he)谷相(xiang)間,地(di)貌(mao)復雜多樣。地(di)勢南(nan)高(gao)北(bei)低,全縣(xian)最高(gao)點為阿米(mi)夏瓊(qiong)山(海拔4767米(mi)),最低點麻巴溝(gou)口(海拔2160米(mi)),相(xiang)對高(gao)差2607米(mi)。全縣(xian)總耕(geng)地(di)面積0.75萬公頃,其中水澆(jiao)地(di)0.18萬公頃,土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型以栗(li)鈣土(tu)(tu)、灰鈣土(tu)(tu)和(he)灌淤土(tu)(tu)為主,質地(di)壤土(tu)(tu),微堿性,土(tu)(tu)壤有機質豐富,物(wu)理性狀良好,地(di)下水資源(yuan)豐富,適(shi)宜同(tong)仁黃(huang)果(guo)梨的生長和(he)發育。
2、水(shui)文(wen)情況:同仁黃(huang)果梨生長區(qu)域(yu)年平均降水(shui)量(liang)為425.7mm,主要集中(zhong)在6至9月份,加之地處隆務河(he)畔,隆務河(he)等水(shui)源能滿足黃(huang)果梨整個生長期需水(shui)量(liang)。
3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:同(tong)仁(ren)市地(di)處(chu)青藏高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan),因海拔高(gao)(gao)而形成(cheng)了典型(xing)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)大(da)(da)陸性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian)(dian),并具有顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)區(qu)域性(xing)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)征。總的(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian)(dian)是溫(wen)度垂直(zhi)變化明(ming)顯(xian)(xian),地(di)區(qu)差(cha)(cha)(cha)異顯(xian)(xian)著(zhu),光照(zhao)充(chong)足,日(ri)射強,全(quan)年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)5.2℃,年日(ri)照(zhao)總時(shi)數達(da)2634.9小時(shi),無霜(shuang)期(qi)約150天(tian),年氣(qi)溫(wen)較差(cha)(cha)(cha)13.7℃。生長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)積(ji)溫(wen)可(ke)達(da)2500℃,其優點(dian)(dian)是日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)間長(chang)、晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差(cha)(cha)(cha)大(da)(da),有利于植(zhi)物(wu)光合作用和干物(wu)質積(ji)累,同(tong)仁(ren)隆務河谷地(di)帶為涼(liang)溫(wen)氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),具備更好(hao)的(de)(de)熱量條件和灌溉條件,典型(xing)的(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)特(te)色小氣(qi)候(hou)條件形成(cheng)獨特(te)的(de)(de)同(tong)仁(ren)黃果梨(li)品種。
三.地域范圍
黃南(nan)(nan)州同仁(ren)市位(wei)于青海省東南(nan)(nan)部,東鄰甘肅省夏(xia)河縣(xian),西連貴德縣(xian),南(nan)(nan)接澤庫縣(xian),北(bei)與循化、尖扎縣(xian)接壤。同仁(ren)黃果(guo)梨種植區域為(wei)東經(jing)101°38′—102°27′,北(bei)緯35°01′ —35°47′之間(jian),南(nan)(nan)北(bei)長(chang)45公(gong)里,東西寬15公(gong)里,涵蓋(gai)總(zong)面(mian)積為(wei)0.675萬公(gong)頃,同仁(ren)黃果(guo)梨種植區域遍(bian)及全(quan)縣(xian)6個(ge)鄉鎮,種植面(mian)積為(wei)0.068萬公(gong)頃,年總(zong)產量0.042萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
1、獨(du)特(te)外(wai)在感官特(te)征:同(tong)仁黃(huang)果梨鵝(e)卵(luan)形,長10-14cm,橫徑7-10cm;色澤金黃(huang),皮薄松軟(ruan);果肉酸味獨(du)特(te),清香沁(qin)人;經后(hou)熟自然冷凍后(hou)逐漸變為黑褐(he)色,出汁率高,口味酸甜適中。
2、獨特的(de)內含成分:同(tong)(tong)仁黃(huang)果(guo)梨養分含量(liang)豐富(fu),通(tong)過中國科(ke)學(xue)院(yuan)西北高原生物(wu)研究所分析測(ce)試表明(ming),其中水分為85.75%≥80%,氨基酸總量(liang)達0.30%≥0.20%,總糖分9.01%≥7.0%,總酸28.84≥25.0g/kg,類胡蘿卜素0.038g/kg≥0.02g/kg,并(bing)含有多種礦(kuang)物(wu)質元素,在清涼(liang)解渴,降壓止(zhi)咳,化痰(tan)利肺方面具有獨特的(de)功效,是加(jia)工天然(ran)綠色食品的(de)優質原料。同(tong)(tong)仁黃(huang)果(guo)梨與黃(huang)土坎鴨梨有效成分含量(liang)對(dui)比(bi)表(略)
3、質(zhi)量安全(quan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding):在同仁黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標志保護范(fan)圍內的黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)生產(chan)(chan)過程及產(chan)(chan)品(pin)應(ying)符合以下(xia)規(gui)(gui)定(ding):NY/T393-2000《農藥(yao)使用準則》 GB/T10650-2008《鮮梨(li)》DB63/T1126-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)苗木繁育(yu)技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)程》;DB63/T1127-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)施肥技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》;DB63/T1128-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)病蟲(chong)害技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》;DB63/T1129-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)栽培技(ji)術規(gui)(gui)程》。
五(wu).特(te)定生(sheng)產(chan)方式
1、種(zhong)植區域:同仁黃果梨適宜種(zhong)植在海拔高(gao)度2200-2750m的(de)(de)隆(long)務河谷地。2、苗(miao)木(mu)繁育(yu)與栽培方式:選地勢平坦、土層深厚、有(you)(you)機質含量高(gao),交通便利、有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)灌溉條件地塊作為(wei)苗(miao)圃地。砧(zhen)木(mu)選用胸徑1厘米(mi)以上的(de)(de)杜梨苗(miao),將無病蟲害的(de)(de)優質豐產樹作為(wei)采(cai)(cai)穗母株,接(jie)穗在植株落(luo)葉后至萌(meng)芽(ya)前采(cai)(cai)集,選用60-80厘米(mi)生(sheng)長充實(shi)的(de)(de)一年生(sheng)枝條,采(cai)(cai)后每50根綁成一捆,放在濕潤、低溫的(de)(de)地窖(jiao)或(huo)冷庫(ku)貯藏。春(chun)季(ji)接(jie)穗現采(cai)(cai)現用,接(jie)穗保留(liu)2-3個芽(ya),截成9-12厘米(mi)的(de)(de)枝段。早春(chun)砧(zhen)木(mu)萌(meng)芽(ya)時(shi)進行嫁接(jie),采(cai)(cai)用劈(pi)接(jie)的(de)(de)嫁接(jie)方式。
3、栽培技術
3.1挖(wa)穴(xue)、施肥(fei)(fei):選擇土壤疏松(song)、土層深厚(hou)、有機(ji)(ji)質高、肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)方便的大(da)田挖(wa)栽(zai)植穴(xue),穴(xue)直(zhi)徑50厘(li)米、穴(xue)深60厘(li)米,表(biao)土和底(di)土分別放置,挖(wa)好(hao)后放入0.5-1公斤有機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei),回填底(di)土。
3.2確定株行(xing)距、栽植:根據黃果樹的樹冠高大特性,株行(xing)距應控制在4×5米(35株/畝)左右(you)。栽植后(hou)要及時(shi)澆水、打(da)頂。
3.3栽(zai)植后的田間管理:幼(you)樹(shu)防寒(han):冬(dong)季寒(han)冷,西北風大(da),用樹(shu)干涂白或綁草(cao)幼(you)樹(shu)進行防寒(han)。幼(you)樹(shu)定(ding)干:已成(cheng)活的幼(you)樹(shu),于(yu)春(chun)季末發(fa)芽前進行整形修剪,促(cu)使果(guo)樹(shu)提(ti)早(zao)(zao)成(cheng)形,提(ti)早(zao)(zao)擴(kuo)大(da)樹(shu)冠(guan)、提(ti)早(zao)(zao)結(jie)果(guo)。施(shi)肥與灌水:秋季采(cai)果(guo)后成(cheng)年樹(shu)結(jie)合(he)深耕畝施(shi)腐熟有機肥(畜禽(qin)糞水)5000公斤,磷肥50公斤,草(cao)木灰(hui)100公斤,尿(niao)素(su)15公斤。年追肥2次(ci),第一次(ci)于(yu)果(guo)樹(shu)發(fa)芽前施(shi)用;第二次(ci)于(yu)果(guo)實膨(peng)大(da)期(qi)(qi)施(shi)用。幼(you)齡樹(shu)一次(ci)性畝施(shi)果(guo)樹(shu)專用肥20公斤。適(shi)時(shi)灌水期(qi)(qi)一般在開花、結(jie)果(guo)、果(guo)實增大(da)期(qi)(qi)等主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)理時(shi)期(qi)(qi)。
3.4整形修剪(jian):春秋季及時(shi)進行整形修剪(jian)。整形時(shi)要充分利用枝(zhi)(zhi)條,做到隨枝(zhi)(zhi)作形、因樹而宜(yi)。
3.5害蟲(chong)(chong)防治:黃果梨(li)害蟲(chong)(chong)主要有:蚜蟲(chong)(chong)、梨(li)樹臭(chou)板蟲(chong)(chong)、卷葉蛾等(deng)。防治方法:可用5%的高(gao)效氯(lv)氰菊酯、70%艾美樂(le)水分(fen)散顆(ke)粒劑等(deng)進行防治
3.6病(bing)害防(fang)治(zhi):黃果梨(li)病(bing)害主(zhu)要有:干腐病(bing)。防(fang)治(zhi)方法:用70%甲(jia)基托布津、50%多菌靈可濕性粉劑和生(sheng)石(shi)灰按1:1:10比例調成(cheng)糊狀(zhuang)對(dui)發病(bing)部位進行涂抹。
3.7采(cai)收標準:黃果梨果實充分膨大(da),表皮呈金(jin)黃色時及時采(cai)收。
3.8分級(ji)(ji)(ji)以果(guo)實形(xing)狀(zhuang)、大(da)小、色差,光潔度為(wei)劃分質(zhi)量等級(ji)(ji)(ji)的主(zhu)要依據(ju),三項中(zhong)以最低一項指標定級(ji)(ji)(ji),分為(wei)3級(ji)(ji)(ji)。
3.9包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝同仁黃果(guo)梨可選用紙箱及其它包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝材料進行包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝,便于(yu)搬(ban)運,裝卸,貯藏和運輸等。
3.10運(yun)(yun)輸運(yun)(yun)輸時要做到(dao)輕裝、輕卸(xie)、防(fang)止機械損傷。短途運(yun)(yun)輸中要防(fang)日曬雨淋。長途運(yun)(yun)輸中注(zhu)意采(cai)取(qu)防(fang)凍(dong)保溫或降溫措施,不(bu)使產品質量(liang)受到(dao)影(ying)響(xiang)。
六.包裝標識相關(guan)規定
標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用嚴格(ge)按(an)照《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)辦法》中規(gui)定(ding)(ding)使(shi)(shi)用,在確定(ding)(ding)的(de)地域范圍內生產(chan)(chan)者或企業(ye)在產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝上使(shi)(shi)用標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),可(ke)以向登記證(zheng)(zheng)書持有人簽訂農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用協議(yi),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包裝上應標(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱、質量(liang)等(deng)級、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)地、企業(ye)名稱、郵政編碼(ma)、電話號碼(ma)、貯運圖形(xing)等(deng)內容,保證(zheng)(zheng)地理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)品(pin)(pin)質和(he)信(xin)譽(yu),正(zheng)確規(gui)范地使(shi)(shi)用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。