一.產品介紹
【歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)文獻】據《同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》及(ji)《同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)農業(ye)區劃》記載,神奇、美麗、富饒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)南州(zhou)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)處青海省東(dong)部農業(ye)區向青南牧區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡地(di)(di)帶,境內高差起伏(fu)大(da),氣(qi)(qi)候變化(hua)復雜(za),生(sheng)物(wu)生(sheng)態(tai)類型多(duo)(duo)樣(yang),有蜿蜒流淌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隆務(wu)(wu)河(he),穿境而過,稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“金色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)谷地(di)(di)”。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)悠久,在(zai)(zai)漢朝時期,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)北部成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)漢朝屯田之地(di)(di)。唐(tang)中宗時,這里作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金城公主的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)湯沐邑,賜(si)予(yu)吐蕃。宋代是角(jiao)(jiao)羅蕃政權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勢(shi)力范圍(wei)。元(yuan)明(ming)(ming)兩代,始以(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)境保安(an)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觸角(jiao)(jiao),有中央屯軍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)伸入(ru),形(xing)成以(yi)(yi)(yi)隆務(wu)(wu)寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中心青海最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藏(zang)(zang)傳(chuan)(chuan)佛教政教合一(yi)統治(zhi)體系(xi),一(yi)直(zhi)延續到清(qing)代。古為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)古羌地(di)(di),西(xi)晉末為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吐谷渾地(di)(di),隋(sui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)達化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di),唐(tang)初(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)達化(hua)縣(xian)(xian)、米川(chuan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di),安(an)史(shi)(shi)之亂后(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吐蕃地(di)(di),宋初(chu)吐蕃角(jiao)(jiao)廝轄地(di)(di),元(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴德(de)州(zhou)地(di)(di),明(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴德(de)千戶所轄,清(qing)隸循化(hua)廳,明(ming)(ming)國初(chu)隸循化(hua)縣(xian)(xian),1929年(nian)設(she)立(li)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)。1949年(nian)沿舊制仍設(she)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi),1952年(nian)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)區,1953年(nian)由同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)區析置澤庫縣(xian)(xian),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)年(nian)改同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)區為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi),均隸黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)南藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)州(zhou)。【歷(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo)】說(shuo)起同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)(俗稱酸(suan)(suan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)),流傳(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu)神話(hua)傳(chuan)(chuan)說(shuo),明(ming)(ming)崇禎年(nian)間,隆務(wu)(wu)寺(si)(si)(si)第一(yi)世夏日(ri)倉噶(ga)丹嘉(jia)(jia)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)師東(dong)科(ke)(ke)多(duo)(duo)居(ju)(ju)嘉(jia)(jia)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)在(zai)(zai)擴建吾屯下寺(si)(si)(si),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勞(lao)累導(dao)致了(le)(le)咳嗽(sou)、氣(qi)(qi)喘(chuan),由于(yu)正在(zai)(zai)修建寺(si)(si)(si)院,無法休息,這時,該村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)位老(lao)人(ren)(ren)帶來(lai)了(le)(le)一(yi)包(bao)凍黑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li),對(dui)東(dong)科(ke)(ke)多(duo)(duo)居(ju)(ju)嘉(jia)(jia)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)經(jing)師說(shuo)道,大(da)師你(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咳嗽(sou)、氣(qi)(qi)喘(chuan)吃(chi)這東(dong)西(xi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)緩(huan)解,東(dong)科(ke)(ke)多(duo)(duo)居(ju)(ju)嘉(jia)(jia)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)經(jing)師客氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)下后(hou)(hou)(hou),還想(xiang)這東(dong)西(xi)能(neng)吃(chi)嗎?又不想(xiang)讓(rang)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)失望,當面(mian)吃(chi)了(le)(le)一(yi)顆,感(gan)覺肺(fei)特(te)(te)(te)別舒服(fu),咳嗽(sou)也(ye)(ye)少了(le)(le),過了(le)(le)兩三天,梨(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)吃(chi)完了(le)(le),東(dong)科(ke)(ke)多(duo)(duo)居(ju)(ju)嘉(jia)(jia)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)經(jing)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咳嗽(sou),氣(qi)(qi)喘(chuan)也(ye)(ye)好了(le)(le),這時東(dong)科(ke)(ke)多(duo)(duo)居(ju)(ju)嘉(jia)(jia)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)經(jing)師派(pai)人(ren)(ren)去找(zhao)那(nei)個(ge)送梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老(lao)人(ren)(ren)打(da)聽,這梨(li)(li)就在(zai)(zai)不遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈拉巴(ba)圖村生(sheng)長(chang)時,就派(pai)人(ren)(ren)移(yi)栽樹苗,因此(ci),現在(zai)(zai)年(nian)都乎寺(si)(si)(si)院,郭么日(ri)寺(si)(si)(si)院、尕(ga)沙日(ri)寺(si)(si)(si)院都種植有百年(nian)老(lao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹。【同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)特(te)(te)(te)性】同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)鵝卵(luan)形(xing),長(chang)10-14cm,橫徑7-10cm;色澤金黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang),皮(pi)薄松軟;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉酸(suan)(suan)味(wei)獨特(te)(te)(te),清(qing)香沁人(ren)(ren);經(jing)后(hou)(hou)(hou)熟自然冷凍后(hou)(hou)(hou)逐漸變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黑褐色,出(chu)汁(zhi)率高,口味(wei)酸(suan)(suan)甜適(shi)中。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)養分(fen)(fen)含量(liang)豐富,黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)樹冠面(mian)積(ji)大(da),根系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達,微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)吸收(shou)量(liang)大(da),因此(ci)該果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中水(shui)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)85.75%,氨基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)總量(liang)達0.30%,總糖(tang)分(fen)(fen)9.01%,總酸(suan)(suan)28.84%,類胡(hu)蘿卜素(su)(su)0.038%,并(bing)含有多(duo)(duo)種礦物(wu)質(zhi)元(yuan)素(su)(su)及(ji)各種微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su),該果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)清(qing)涼(liang)解熱,降壓止咳,消痰潤肺(fei)方面(mian)具有獨特(te)(te)(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保鍵(jian)功能(neng),還能(neng)增(zeng)進食(shi)欲、助(zhu)消化(hua),對(dui)體虛、津液(ye)不足者(zhe)裨益,長(chang)期食(shi)用(yong)可補充人(ren)(ren)體鈣、磷、鐵等(deng)微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su),增(zeng)強免疫力。【發(fa)(fa)展前景】進入(ru)二十(shi)世紀,特(te)(te)(te)別是近(jin)年(nian)來(lai),隨著(zhu)科(ke)(ke)學知識(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)和(he)人(ren)(ren)們飲食(shi)健康理念的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成,人(ren)(ren)們對(dui)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養價值和(he)保健作(zuo)用(yong)越來(lai)越重(zhong)視,目前同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)種植面(mian)積(ji)達0.068公頃,年(nian)產(chan)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)0.042萬噸,針對(dui)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)是青海省同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)市(shi)(shi)(shi)唯有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名特(te)(te)(te)優質(zhi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin),近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)級政府積(ji)極扶持籌資興建了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)飲品(pin)(pin)(pin)加(jia)(jia)工企(qi)業(ye),該企(qi)業(ye)年(nian)加(jia)(jia)工能(neng)力500噸,開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)(le)晶黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)飲料、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)醋、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)酒等(deng)高附價值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),有利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推動了(le)(le)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)發(fa)(fa)展,也(ye)(ye)提高了(le)(le)農民收(shou)入(ru),種植黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梨(li)(li)具有廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場和(he)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)前景。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
1.土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:同仁(ren)市(shi)地(di)處青藏高(gao)原與黃土(tu)(tu)高(gao)原的(de)過渡地(di)帶,隆務河(he)縱貫全(quan)境(jing)(jing)南北,形(xing)成東西(xi)部山(shan)區(qu)和(he)中部河(he)谷(gu)地(di)區(qu)。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)山(shan)巒起伏,河(he)谷(gu)相間,地(di)貌復雜多樣。地(di)勢(shi)南高(gao)北低,全(quan)縣(xian)最高(gao)點為阿(a)米(mi)夏瓊山(shan)(海拔(ba)4767米(mi)),最低點麻巴溝口(海拔(ba)2160米(mi)),相對高(gao)差(cha)2607米(mi)。全(quan)縣(xian)總耕地(di)面積0.75萬(wan)公(gong)頃,其中水澆地(di)0.18萬(wan)公(gong)頃,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型以栗鈣土(tu)(tu)、灰鈣土(tu)(tu)和(he)灌淤(yu)土(tu)(tu)為主,質地(di)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu),微堿性,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質豐富,物(wu)理性狀良好,地(di)下水資(zi)源豐富,適宜同仁(ren)黃果梨(li)的(de)生長和(he)發(fa)育。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:同仁(ren)黃果梨生長區域年平均降水(shui)量為425.7mm,主要集中(zhong)在6至9月份(fen),加(jia)之地處隆務河畔,隆務河等水(shui)源能滿足(zu)黃果梨整個(ge)生長期需水(shui)量。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:同仁(ren)市地處青藏高(gao)原(yuan),因海拔高(gao)而形(xing)(xing)成了典型(xing)(xing)的高(gao)原(yuan)大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)(te)(te)點,并(bing)具有顯(xian)著(zhu)的區域性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)(te)(te)征(zheng)。總的氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特(te)(te)(te)點是溫度垂直變化明顯(xian),地區差(cha)異(yi)顯(xian)著(zhu),光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu),日(ri)射強,全年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫5.2℃,年日(ri)照總時(shi)數達(da)2634.9小時(shi),無霜期(qi)約150天,年氣(qi)(qi)溫較差(cha)13.7℃。生長期(qi)的積溫可達(da)2500℃,其優點是日(ri)照時(shi)間長、晝夜溫差(cha)大(da),有利于植物光(guang)合作用(yong)和(he)干物質積累(lei),同仁(ren)隆務河谷地帶為涼溫氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區,具備更好(hao)的熱量條件(jian)和(he)灌溉條件(jian),典型(xing)(xing)的高(gao)原(yuan)特(te)(te)(te)色小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)條件(jian)形(xing)(xing)成獨(du)特(te)(te)(te)的同仁(ren)黃果梨(li)品種。
三.地域范圍
黃南(nan)州同(tong)仁市位(wei)于青海省東(dong)南(nan)部,東(dong)鄰甘(gan)肅省夏河縣,西(xi)連貴德縣,南(nan)接澤庫(ku)縣,北與(yu)循化、尖扎(zha)縣接壤。同(tong)仁黃果梨種(zhong)植區域(yu)為(wei)東(dong)經101°38′—102°27′,北緯35°01′ —35°47′之(zhi)間,南(nan)北長45公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西(xi)寬15公(gong)里(li),涵蓋總(zong)面積(ji)為(wei)0.675萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),同(tong)仁黃果梨種(zhong)植區域(yu)遍及(ji)全縣6個鄉(xiang)鎮,種(zhong)植面積(ji)為(wei)0.068萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),年總(zong)產(chan)量(liang)0.042萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、獨(du)特(te)(te)外在感官特(te)(te)征:同仁黃果梨鵝卵形,長10-14cm,橫(heng)徑7-10cm;色澤金黃,皮薄松軟;果肉酸味獨(du)特(te)(te),清香沁人;經后熟(shu)自然冷凍后逐漸(jian)變為黑褐色,出汁率高(gao),口味酸甜適中。
2、獨特(te)的內含(han)成(cheng)分:同(tong)(tong)仁(ren)黃果梨養分含(han)量豐(feng)富,通過中國(guo)科(ke)學院西(xi)北高原(yuan)生(sheng)物研究所分析測試表(biao)明(ming),其中水分為85.75%≥80%,氨基酸總量達0.30%≥0.20%,總糖分9.01%≥7.0%,總酸28.84≥25.0g/kg,類胡蘿卜素(su)0.038g/kg≥0.02g/kg,并含(han)有(you)多種(zhong)礦物質(zhi)元素(su),在清涼解渴,降壓止咳(ke),化痰利肺方面具有(you)獨特(te)的功效(xiao),是加工天然綠色食品(pin)的優質(zhi)原(yuan)料(liao)。同(tong)(tong)仁(ren)黃果梨與黃土坎鴨梨有(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分含(han)量對比表(biao)(略)
3、質量(liang)安(an)全規(gui)定:在同仁(ren)黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)農產品地理標志保護范(fan)圍內的黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)生產過程及產品應符合以下規(gui)定:NY/T393-2000《農藥使(shi)用準則》 GB/T10650-2008《鮮(xian)梨(li)(li)(li)》DB63/T1126-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)苗木繁育(yu)技(ji)術規(gui)程》;DB63/T1127-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)施肥技(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》;DB63/T1128-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)病蟲害技(ji)術規(gui)范(fan)》;DB63/T1129-2012《黃(huang)果(guo)梨(li)(li)(li)栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術規(gui)程》。
五.特(te)定生(sheng)產方式
1、種(zhong)植(zhi)區域:同仁黃果梨(li)適宜(yi)種(zhong)植(zhi)在(zai)海拔高(gao)度2200-2750m的(de)隆務(wu)河(he)谷地(di)(di)(di)。2、苗木(mu)(mu)繁育與栽培方式:選地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦、土(tu)層(ceng)深厚、有機質(zhi)含量高(gao),交通便利、有良好的(de)灌溉條件地(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)作為(wei)苗圃地(di)(di)(di)。砧木(mu)(mu)選用(yong)胸徑1厘(li)(li)米以上的(de)杜(du)梨(li)苗,將無病蟲害的(de)優質(zhi)豐產樹作為(wei)采(cai)穗(sui)母株,接(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)在(zai)植(zhi)株落葉后(hou)(hou)至萌芽前采(cai)集,選用(yong)60-80厘(li)(li)米生長充(chong)實的(de)一年生枝(zhi)條,采(cai)后(hou)(hou)每50根(gen)綁成一捆,放(fang)在(zai)濕潤(run)、低(di)溫的(de)地(di)(di)(di)窖或冷庫貯藏。春季接(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)現采(cai)現用(yong),接(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)保留(liu)2-3個芽,截成9-12厘(li)(li)米的(de)枝(zhi)段。早(zao)春砧木(mu)(mu)萌芽時進(jin)行嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie),采(cai)用(yong)劈接(jie)(jie)(jie)的(de)嫁接(jie)(jie)(jie)方式。
3、栽培技術
3.1挖穴、施(shi)肥:選(xuan)擇土(tu)壤疏松、土(tu)層深厚、有機(ji)質高(gao)、肥水(shui)方便的大田挖栽植穴,穴直徑50厘米(mi)、穴深60厘米(mi),表土(tu)和底土(tu)分別放(fang)置,挖好(hao)后放(fang)入0.5-1公斤有機(ji)肥,回填底土(tu)。
3.2確定株行(xing)距、栽植:根據黃果樹(shu)的樹(shu)冠(guan)高大特性,株行(xing)距應控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)4×5米(35株/畝(mu))左右。栽植后要及時(shi)澆水(shui)、打頂。
3.3栽植后的(de)田間管理:幼樹(shu)(shu)防(fang)寒(han)(han):冬(dong)季寒(han)(han)冷,西北風大(da),用(yong)樹(shu)(shu)干涂(tu)白或綁草幼樹(shu)(shu)進行防(fang)寒(han)(han)。幼樹(shu)(shu)定干:已成(cheng)活的(de)幼樹(shu)(shu),于春季末發芽前進行整形修剪,促(cu)使果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)提早(zao)成(cheng)形,提早(zao)擴(kuo)大(da)樹(shu)(shu)冠、提早(zao)結果(guo)。施(shi)肥(fei)與灌水(shui):秋季采果(guo)后成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)結合深耕畝(mu)施(shi)腐熟有(you)機肥(fei)(畜禽糞水(shui))5000公(gong)斤,磷肥(fei)50公(gong)斤,草木(mu)灰100公(gong)斤,尿素15公(gong)斤。年(nian)(nian)追肥(fei)2次,第一(yi)(yi)次于果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)發芽前施(shi)用(yong);第二(er)次于果(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)期施(shi)用(yong)。幼齡(ling)樹(shu)(shu)一(yi)(yi)次性畝(mu)施(shi)果(guo)樹(shu)(shu)專用(yong)肥(fei)20公(gong)斤。適時灌水(shui)期一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在開花、結果(guo)、果(guo)實(shi)增大(da)期等主(zhu)要生理時期。
3.4整形修(xiu)剪:春秋(qiu)季(ji)及時進行整形修(xiu)剪。整形時要(yao)充分利用枝(zhi)條,做到隨枝(zhi)作形、因樹而宜。
3.5害蟲防(fang)治(zhi):黃果梨(li)害蟲主要有:蚜蟲、梨(li)樹(shu)臭板蟲、卷葉蛾等。防(fang)治(zhi)方法:可用5%的高效氯(lv)氰(qing)菊酯、70%艾(ai)美(mei)樂水分(fen)散顆粒劑等進行防(fang)治(zhi)
3.6病(bing)害防治:黃果(guo)梨病(bing)害主要有:干腐病(bing)。防治方法:用70%甲(jia)基托布津、50%多菌(jun)靈可濕性粉劑和生石(shi)灰按1:1:10比例(li)調成(cheng)糊狀(zhuang)對發病(bing)部位進(jin)行涂抹。
3.7采收標(biao)準:黃果(guo)梨果(guo)實充分膨大,表(biao)皮呈金黃色(se)時(shi)及時(shi)采收。
3.8分級以(yi)果(guo)實形狀(zhuang)、大小、色差,光潔度為(wei)劃分質(zhi)量(liang)等級的主(zhu)要依(yi)據,三項中以(yi)最(zui)低一項指標(biao)定級,分為(wei)3級。
3.9包裝同仁(ren)黃果梨(li)可選用紙箱及其它(ta)包裝材料(liao)進行(xing)包裝,便于搬運,裝卸,貯(zhu)藏(zang)和運輸等。
3.10運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)時要做到(dao)輕(qing)裝、輕(qing)卸、防止機械損傷。短途運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)中要防日曬(shai)雨淋。長途運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)中注(zhu)意采取(qu)防凍保溫或降溫措施,不使(shi)產(chan)品質量受到(dao)影響。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關規(gui)定
標(biao)(biao)志使用嚴格按照《農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志管理辦法》中規(gui)定使用,在確定的地(di)(di)域范圍內生產(chan)(chan)(chan)者或企業(ye)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包裝上使用標(biao)(biao)志,可(ke)以向登記證書持有人簽訂農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志使用協議,產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)包裝上應標(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、質量等級、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、企業(ye)名(ming)(ming)稱(cheng)、郵政編碼、電話號碼、貯運圖(tu)形等內容,保證地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的品(pin)質和信譽,正確規(gui)范地(di)(di)使用農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志。