產品介紹
都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)(cheng)歷史(shi)悠久。據《都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)志稿》(民國)中(zhong)食(shi)貨志記載,畜(chu)(chu)牧產量(liang)調查表“本縣(xian)家(jia)畜(chu)(chu),大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如牛、馬、豬(zhu)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang);小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)如雞,惟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)則(ze)兼(jian)養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已列(lie)入(ru)地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畜(chu)(chu)產,當地(di)少數民族凡婚、喪(sang)、嫁、娶等(deng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)有(you)(you)殺羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)祭祀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)俗,飼(si)養(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷來就是(shi)當地(di)群(qun)眾生活(huo)必須用(yong)品和(he)主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟收入(ru)來源。都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)就是(shi)在這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然生態條件(jian)下和(he)當地(di)群(qun)眾長期(qi)選育(yu)而(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。 都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)皮板(ban)質均勻(yun),薄而(er)(er)輕韌,彈(dan)性好,纖維細致(zhi),是(shi)高級制革原料和(he)出口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暢銷物資(zi);肉(rou)(rou)質嫩滑爽,肉(rou)(rou)泡清(qing)甜,營(ying)養(yang)豐富,全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可加工(gong)成(cheng)(cheng)清(qing)燉(dun)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包(bao)肝、燜(men)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蹄、鮮(xian)脆白切肚等(deng)60多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菜肴(yao),成(cheng)(cheng)為區(qu)內外賓館酒店的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)菜,其中(zhong)“美容長壽湯”苦(ku)而(er)(er)甘甜,長期(qi)飲用(yong)能(neng)延年(nian)(nian)(nian)益壽,“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍(zhen)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)扣”肥而(er)(er)不(bu)膩,“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)火鍋”令人回味無(wu)窮。利用(yong)優(you)質山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou)為原料,采用(yong)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原始(shi)方式熏(xun)臘燒烤制成(cheng)(cheng)臘羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)(rou),風(feng)味特(te)奇,是(shi)送禮待客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綠色佳(jia)品。 1979年(nian)(nian)(nian),廣(guang)西區(qu)畜(chu)(chu)牧局組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)開展(zhan)對都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行調查、測定(ding),1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)將都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)入(ru)廣(guang)西地(di)方品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),載入(ru)《廣(guang)西家(jia)畜(chu)(chu)家(jia)禽品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志》。都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)曾列(lie)為全(quan)國養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基地(di)縣(xian),2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)被中(zhong)國品牌宣傳保(bao)(bao)護活(huo)動組(zu)委會授予(yu)“中(zhong)國都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之鄉(xiang)”。 上級業(ye)務部(bu)門每年(nian)(nian)(nian)均劃撥專項經(jing)費實施都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)方優(you)良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)工(gong)作;2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)由質量(liang)技術監督部(bu)門組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),編制都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)綜(zong)合(he)標準——“DB451228/T01-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評定(ding)”,“DB451228/T02-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁(fan)育(yu)技術規程(cheng)”,“DB451228/T03-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)養(yang)管理技術規程(cheng)”,“DB451228/T04-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)防疫技術規程(cheng)”,“DB451228/T05-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標識、運輸”等(deng)五個標準,并發布實施。2009年(nian)(nian)(nian),國家(jia)農業(ye)部(bu)下達(da)資(zi)金150萬元興建都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場,經(jing)過精(jing)心組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)實施,項目(mu)建設已于(yu)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)建成(cheng)(cheng)并交付使(shi)用(yong),該保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場目(mu)前(qian)存(cun)欄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)850只,有(you)(you)效帶動都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產業(ye)發展(zhan),2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)養(yang)量(liang)達(da)63.62萬只。
品質特性特征
(1)外貌特征 被毛(mao)(mao):毛(mao)(mao)色多(duo)為黑色、麻色、黃色,也有黑白花和白色。腹下、四肢(zhi) 上部被毛(mao)(mao)和公(gong)羊的(de)鬃(zong)、鬣(lie)毛(mao)(mao)較(jiao)粗長。 體(ti)形(xing):體(ti)型較(jiao)小,結構緊湊,體(ti)軀呈(cheng)長方形(xing),體(ti)質健壯(zhuang)結實, 皮薄(bo)有彈性(xing),結構勻稱;頭(tou)大(da)小適中(zhong),眼大(da)有神;有角(jiao),角(jiao)向后上方彎曲呈(cheng)倒(dao)“八字”形(xing),其色澤為暗黑色和玉色;耳豎立(li)稍(shao)向前傾; 鼻梁平(ping)直;腰背平(ping)直;肋(lei)骨開(kai)張,胸(xiong)深與肢(zhi)長相當;公(gong)母羊前胸(xiong)及沿背線均有長毛(mao)(mao),母羊較(jiao)短(duan),尾短(duan)小上翹,公(gong)羊雄壯(zhuang),母羊清秀。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標:都安山(shan)羊肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩而有彈性,顏色(se)(se)鮮艷,結締組(zu)織少(shao),脂(zhi)肪堅(jian)實、色(se)(se)白(bai),背部脂(zhi)肪分(fen)布均勻。其味鮮美,膻味小(xiao)。 都安山(shan)羊肉(rou)含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)19.85%-21.95%,脂(zhi)肪1.65%-1.83%,水份71.25%-78.75%,灰分(fen)1.16%-1.28%,氨(an)基酸總量(liang)(liang)16.02%-17.70%,膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維0.038%-0.042%,羊肉(rou)是低(di)能量(liang)(liang)高蛋白(bai)肉(rou)食(shi)品,各種微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元素含量(liang)(liang)高,膽(dan)固 醇低(di)。
產地(di)分布
都安(an)山(shan)羊(yang)中心產區分(fen)布在都安(an)瑤族自治縣(xian)的地(di)蘇(su)、保安(an)、澄江、龍灣、菁(jing)盛、拉烈、三只(zhi)羊(yang)等鄉(鎮(zhen))。其周(zhou)圍的馬山(shan)縣(xian)、大化(hua)縣(xian)、平(ping)果市、東蘭縣(xian)、巴馬縣(xian)忻城(cheng)縣(xian)等石(shi)山(shan)地(di)區也有(you)大量分(fen)布,隆安(an)縣(xian)、興賓縣(xian)、龍勝縣(xian)等以(yi)及(ji)其他平(ping)原丘陵地(di)區均有(you)飼養。據2005 年底(di)統計,總數達85 萬余只(zhi)。
產地環境
都安瑤族自治縣位于廣西中西部,地(di)處(chu)云貴高原南緣,以石(shi)(shi)山丘陵為主。東經107°29′~108°41′,北緯(wei)23°42′~24°35′之間。海拔170~1000m,境內(nei)石(shi)(shi)山疊嶂,洼地(di)密布屬典型的喀斯特地(di)貌。
主(zhu)產區年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫18.2℃~21.7℃之間,相對濕度74%,無霜期347 d,年平(ping)均日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)為1 297 h。降雨量(liang)(liang)1 737.9mm,雨量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),氣(qi)候溫和濕潤,日(ri)照充(chong)足,無霜期長(chang),屬于南(nan)亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣(qi)候區北緣,四季常(chang)青,宜農宜牧。
都安縣境(jing)內(nei)主(zhu)要(yao)有紅水河(he)、刁江、澄江、拉(la)仁河(he)、板嶺河(he)、地蘇(su)河(he)、同(tong)更河(he)等8 條河(he)流。耕(geng)作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)類(lei):分為旱作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)和水稻土(tu)(tu)。以(yi)石灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)為主(zhu)要(yao)土(tu)(tu)類(lei),遍布全縣溶巖(yan)石山。自然土(tu)(tu)類(lei)有:紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、石灰(hui)(hui)巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)、紅色石灰(hui)(hui)土(tu)(tu)、紫(zi)色土(tu)(tu)、沖(chong)積土(tu)(tu)等。
全縣(xian)草(cao)場面積13.7 萬公頃(qing),草(cao)場植被主要以石山(shan)高中禾(he)草(cao)草(cao)叢(cong)和灌(guan)(guan)叢(cong)草(cao)叢(cong)為(wei)主。山(shan)上植物種類繁多,以藤類和灌(guan)(guan)木(mu)居(ju)優勢。藤類以金銀花、野山(shan)葡萄、千里光等為(wei)常見。禾(he)本(ben)科以野古草(cao)、白(bai)毛、五節芒、馬唐、狗牙根等組(zu)成群落,山(shan)羊喜歡采(cai)食(shi)的喬灌(guan)(guan)木(mu)達200 多種。農(nong)作(zuo)物主要有玉米、水(shui)稻、旱芋、紅(hong)薯、豆類和蕎麥等。
品種歷史
都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)品種形成(cheng)歷史(shi)悠久(jiu)。據《都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)稿》(民(min)國)中(zhong)食(shi)貨志(zhi)記載,畜(chu)牧產量調查表“本縣(xian)家(jia)畜(chu),大的如(ru)牛、馬、豬、羊(yang)(yang);小的如(ru)雞(ji)……惟山(shan)地(di)則兼養羊(yang)(yang)……”。山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)已列入(ru)地(di)方的畜(chu)產,當(dang)地(di)少數(shu)民(min)族凡婚、喪、嫁、娶等都(dou)(dou)(dou)有殺羊(yang)(yang)祭祀的風俗,飼養山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)歷來就(jiu)是當(dang)地(di)群眾生活必須(xu)用品和主(zhu)要(yao)的經濟收入(ru)來源。都(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)就(jiu)是在這樣的自然生態條件下和當(dang)地(di)群眾長期選(xuan)育而成(cheng)。