一.產品介紹
沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)晉城市(shi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)大縣(xian)(xian)(xian),歷(li)史上就有(you)(you)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)習慣。沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)于2005年(nian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)由晉城市(shi)沁(qin)河(he)綠(lv)園牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司、沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)6個(ge)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)獸醫中心(xin)站(zhan)和82個(ge)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)共同發(fa)(fa)起,經沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)局核準,沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)民政局沁(qin)民社證字第【2005】006號(hao)登記批準成立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)非贏利性社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)(ti)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織。目前擁有(you)(you)7個(ge)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)(ti)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)和273名(ming)個(ge)人會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)團(tuan)(tuan)體(ti)(ti)組(zu)(zu)(zu)織。協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)按照(zhao)平等自(zi)愿、互惠互利、共同發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則,在(zai)行業(ye)中發(fa)(fa)揮服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)、協(xie)調(diao)、資詢等作用(yong),全心(xin)全意(yi)為(wei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。聯合各部門(men)、各企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)力(li)(li)量,緊緊圍繞肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)(yang)生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)前、產(chan)中、產(chan)后各個(ge)環節,為(wei)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)單位(wei)和會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)提供種畜、技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、信(xin)息(xi)、生產(chan)資料(liao)、肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)(yang)回收、銷(xiao)售(shou)等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)配套(tao)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu),有(you)(you)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)促進了(le)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)成立(li)幾年(nian)來(lai)(lai),主要(yao)做了(le)以(yi)下幾方(fang)面工(gong)作:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)由沁(qin)河(he)綠(lv)園牧(mu)(mu)(mu)業(ye)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司牽(qian)頭,申報(bao)注冊并(bing)通過了(le)“太岳”無(wu)公(gong)害肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)牌商(shang)標,真(zhen)正打出了(le)沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)(yang)品(pin)牌,為(wei)拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan)市(shi)場空(kong)間,提升農戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)效益(yi)打下了(le)堅實基(ji)礎(chu)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)建服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)、銷(xiao)售(shou)網(wang)點,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)網(wang)點覆蓋全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)14個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1532戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),在(zai)山(shan)東、廣東、上海、北京、河(he)南等地設立(li)肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)(yang)銷(xiao)售(shou)網(wang)點。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)強化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)培訓(xun),協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)自(zi)成立(li)以(yi)來(lai)(lai),就把對養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)培訓(xun)作為(wei)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首(shou)要(yao)任(ren)務(wu)(wu),,通過培訓(xun)努力(li)(li)促使協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提高,以(yi)此帶動全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)搞好技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)指導(dao),積(ji)(ji)極(ji)當好養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)后盾,促進養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)新技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)引進和推廣,經常組(zu)(zu)(zu)織山(shan)西農大教授、市(shi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)畜牧(mu)(mu)(mu)專家和專業(ye)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員(yuan),定期深入到協(xie)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員(yuan)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)科技(ji)(ji)示范戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中做現場指導(dao),幫助養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)解決疑難(nan)問題(ti)。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)積(ji)(ji)極(ji)推廣養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)適用(yong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu),同時(shi)為(wei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)提供平價物(wu)資。六是(shi)(shi)(shi)利用(yong)廣播、電視、報(bao)紙等多種傳(chuan)媒手(shou)段,及時(shi)發(fa)(fa)布(bu)肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)(yang)購銷(xiao)信(xin)息(xi)。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
土壤地貌情況(kuang)沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)地勢西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)高,東西(xi)(xi)(xi)低,四周群山(shan)(shan)環繞,西(xi)(xi)(xi)部大(da)山(shan)(shan)更為(wei)險峻,平(ping)均(jun)海拔(ba)1400米以(yi)上,最(zui)高峰(feng)為(wei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)南邊的(de)舜王坪(ping),海拔(ba)2321.8米,境(jing)內(nei)山(shan)(shan)多(duo)林密,山(shan)(shan)巒重疊,溝壑(he)縱橫,高低懸殊(shu),丘陵平(ping)川相間,中條(tiao)山(shan)(shan)主(zhu)峰(feng)就在沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei),該區(qu)(qu)已被列為(wei)國家森林自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)。主(zhu)要(yao)關(guan)隘口縣(xian)(xian)東境(jing)內(nei)界胡底鄉老馬嶺(ling)口和縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)境(jing)界龍港鎮的(de)東塢嶺(ling)口,均(jun)為(wei)本縣(xian)(xian)交通要(yao)道,主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)沁河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)由北(bei)而南貫穿全(quan)縣(xian)(xian),河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大(da),年徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)17.8億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。沁河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)上游(you)植被覆(fu)蓋(gai)度(du)大(da),河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)含(han)沙量(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)均(jun)每立(li)方(fang)(fang)米6.95公(gong)斤(jin),為(wei)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省8大(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)中含(han)沙量(liang)(liang)(liang)極少的(de)河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),沁河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)兩岸地勢平(ping)坦,土地肥沃,為(wei)全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)主(zhu)要(yao)農作物區(qu)(qu),天然草地、宜林區(qu)(qu)遍(bian)布全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)內(nei)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang) 沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高達9.88億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,人均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)擁有量(liang)(liang)(liang)2000立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,是(shi)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)省人均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)的(de)4.3倍,是(shi)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)富(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)區(qu)(qu),沁河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)由暴(bao)雨形成。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)年份(fen)分配(pei),汛期(qi)7--10月份(fen)約(yue)占全(quan)年水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)62%,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)年際變化較(jiao)大(da),實測最(zui)大(da)年來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)19.68億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米,最(zui)小年來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)3.34億立(li)方(fang)(fang)米相差5.9倍。境(jing)內(nei)張(zhang)峰(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)位于沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)鄭莊鎮張(zhang)峰(feng)村西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)1.5公(gong)里(li)處的(de)沁河(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)干流(liu)(liu)上,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)控制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)域面積4990平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li),庫(ku)容(rong)5.05以(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米。草地、森林含(han)儲(chu)了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),為(wei)調節氣候,保(bao)護水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土,保(bao)護植被提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)得(de)天獨厚的(de)條(tiao)件,為(wei)沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)黑山(shan)(shan)羊提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)充足(zu)和優質(zhi)的(de)飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),可以(yi)說沁水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)黑山(shan)(shan)羊是(shi)喝著礦泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)長大(da)的(de)。
氣(qi)(qi)候情況:沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣西(xi)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)(dong)底(di),氣(qi)(qi)候因地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)復(fu)雜,差異顯著(zhu)。沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣屬典(dian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暖溫帶半干(gan)旱大(da)陸(lu)季風氣(qi)(qi)候,特點是(shi):冬(dong)天(tian)(tian)風多(duo)雨少,夏季潮濕多(duo)雨,西(xi)部(bu)涼爽,東(dong)(dong)部(bu)溫和(he),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)溫平均(jun)在10.3℃左右,1月(yue)(yue)零下(xia)4.8℃,7月(yue)(yue)23℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數2629.9小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)積(ji)(ji)溫,≥14℃有(you)(you)效積(ji)(ji)溫3412.6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量643.7毫(hao)米,霜(shuang)凍期為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬至次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue),無霜(shuang)期173天(tian)(tian),日(ri)照充(chong)足,空氣(qi)(qi)優良,是(shi)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)區(qu)農業縣氣(qi)(qi)候帶,是(shi)發展養羊(yang)(yang)(yang)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理想區(qu)域。沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)保護范圍內沒有(you)(you)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)大(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)工礦污(wu)染企業,為(wei)(wei)沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)提供了優質(zhi)空氣(qi)(qi),使沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)具備了味(wei)道鮮(xian)(xian)美(mei)、膻味(wei)極小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特質(zhi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)狀況沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣天(tian)(tian)然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)174萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),主要分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)中(zhong)山(shan)、低中(zhong)山(shan)、丘(qiu)陵及(ji)梁(liang)峁地(di)(di)(di)段,森林之(zhi)邊緣地(di)(di)(di)區(qu),其中(zhong)300畝(mu)以(yi)上(shang)集中(zhong)連片草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)8大(da)片26塊,面(mian)積(ji)(ji)163萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)94%,四邊草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)10.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),占草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6%。按照光、熱、水(shui)(shui)(shui)等(deng)因素作用于(yu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)場所(suo)構成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物群落狀況,全縣天(tian)(tian)然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)和(he)暖性草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)兩大(da)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸類(lei)(lei)0.49萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)下(xia)川舜王坪,屬亞(ya)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)組(zu),為(wei)(wei)苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+中(zhong)生(sheng)禾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)。暖性草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)類(lei)(lei)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)162.9萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),分(fen)(fen)布于(yu)全縣境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各個角落,占全縣草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)99.7%,屬低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)組(zu),根據種(zhong)(zhong)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同組(zu)合,可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+苔草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+黃(huang)(huang)背型(xing)(xing)(xing)、白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+達(da)烏里胡枝(zhi)子型(xing)(xing)(xing)、白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+蒿類(lei)(lei)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+百里香型(xing)(xing)(xing)、白(bai)(bai)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)+荊條(tiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)5個型(xing)(xing)(xing)。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)監測天(tian)(tian)然(ran)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)畝(mu)產鮮(xian)(xian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)642.6公(gong)斤(jin),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產鮮(xian)(xian)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)11.2億公(gong)斤(jin),載畜量可達(da)60余萬(wan)(wan)個羊(yang)(yang)(yang)單位。此外保護區(qu)內有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人工草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)地(di)(di)(di)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan),如紫花(hua)苜(mu)蓿(xu)、無芒雀麥、籽(zi)粒(li)、紅(hong)豆草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)等(deng);還(huan)有(you)(you)可供山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)食用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灌(guan)木,如針楓(feng)、石(shi)榆、黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)條(tiao)、刺(ci)槐、黃(huang)(huang)刺(ci)槐、狼(lang)牙刺(ci)、白(bai)(bai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、百里香、鼠曲草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、藍(lan)蓬花(hua)。此外,還(huan)有(you)(you)地(di)(di)(di)榆、野黨參(can)、黃(huang)(huang)芩、胡麻(ma)等(deng)野生(sheng)藥材。豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牧草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)灌(guan)木資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)為(wei)(wei)沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)提供了種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)繁多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)來源(yuan),再加上(shang)大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)藥材,成就了沁(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)黑(hei)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨特風味(wei)。
三.地域范圍
根據《農產品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志登記管(guan)理(li)(li)辦法》的(de)(de)規定(ding)以及沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)山羊特定(ding)的(de)(de)自然生(sheng)態環境條件,經(jing)沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣畜牧獸醫局(ju)研(yan)究決定(ding),并(bing)廣泛(fan)征求(qiu)有(you)關方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)意見(jian),擬劃定(ding)沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)山羊地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei):山西省(sheng)沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣的(de)(de)中村鎮、土沃鄉、張村鄉、龍(long)港鎮、樊村河(he)鄉、鄭莊鎮、蘇莊鄉、端氏(shi)鎮、加豐鎮、鄭村鎮、胡底鄉、固縣鄉、柿莊鎮、十里(li)鄉14個鄉鎮,涉及249個行政村。沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)縣位(wei)于山西省(sheng)東南部(bu),晉城市西北(bei)(bei)部(bu),太行、太岳(yue)和中條三大(da)山之間,黃河(he)支流沁(qin)(qin)河(he)中游。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)坐標(biao)位(wei)于東經(jing) 111°55′--112°47′,北(bei)(bei)緯 35°24′—36°04′之間。縣境四周環山,東至(zhi)老(lao)馬嶺,岳(yue)神山與(yu)(yu)高平市、澤州縣為鄰(lin);西至(zhi)東塢齡與(yu)(yu)翼(yi)城縣搭界;南至(zhi)仙(xian)翁山,舜(shun)王坪(ping)與(yu)(yu)陽(yang)城縣、垣(yuan)曲縣接壤;北(bei)(bei)至(zhi)香山嶺,關帝嶺、寧俊(jun)山與(yu)(yu)浮山縣、安澤縣、長子縣毗鄰(lin)。全縣東西長約150公里(li),南北(bei)(bei)寬約55公里(li),總面積(ji)2676.6平方(fang)(fang)公里(li),地(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)面積(ji)2676.6平方(fang)(fang)公里(li),保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)現存欄沁(qin)(qin)水(shui)黑(hei)(hei)山羊18萬只,年生(sheng)產總量30余萬只。
四.產品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1.外在感官特征:沁水(shui)黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)軀中等,頭部(bu)大(da)小適(shi)中,眼大(da)微凸,鼻梁凹陷,耳小,向左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)平伸(shen),公(gong)母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)多具有(you)粗大(da)的“八”字型角(jiao),也有(you)少(shao)數羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)無(wu)角(jiao)。背腰寬(kuan)廣肥圓,四肢粗壯,蹄堅實。被毛(mao)(mao)修長(chang)光(guang)亮,多為褐色,外層毛(mao)(mao)粗硬而長(chang),有(you)光(guang)澤。成(cheng)年公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重50公(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),體(ti)高(gao)58.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),體(ti)長(chang)63.9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),胸圍(wei)76.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),管(guan)圍(wei)8.9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)。成(cheng)年母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體(ti)重35公(gong)斤(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),體(ti)高(gao)53.1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),體(ti)長(chang)59.9厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),胸圍(wei)69.6厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),管(guan)圍(wei)6.8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)。黑山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屠(tu)宰率平均(jun)為35%,產仔率120%,外層毛(mao)(mao)12個月毛(mao)(mao)長(chang)度(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)以上,平均(jun)每(mei)年可(ke)(ke)(ke)剪毛(mao)(mao)7.5兩(liang)。內層毛(mao)(mao)年抓絨公(gong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)5兩(liang)以上,母羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)3兩(liang)以上。性成(cheng)熟(shu)1歲左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)、體(ti)成(cheng)熟(shu)1.5歲左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you),產肉(rou)性好,蛋白質高(gao)脂肪少(shao),味香而美(mei)。每(mei)活重2.2-2.5公(gong)斤(jin)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)產凈肉(rou)1公(gong)斤(jin)。
2.內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi):沁(qin)水黑山羊肌纖維細(xi),肉質(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)嫩,味(wei)道鮮美,膻味(wei)極小,營養價值高(gao),15種氨基酸含量齊全,特(te)別(bie)是人(ren)體必(bi)需氨基酸尤為豐富(fu),被譽為人(ren)間“肉食珍品(pin)”。沁(qin)水黑山羊中蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含量高(gao)達(da)17.5-19.8g/100g,不飽和脂肪酸39.5-45.4g/100g,磷100-359g/100g,鉀298-452g/100g,鈉59.2-71.6g/100g,鐵(tie)1.21-1.96g/100g.
3.安(an)全要求飲用(yong)水符(fu)合(he)《NY5027-2001無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品畜禽飲用(yong)水水質(zhi)》標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規定(ding)(ding),投入品符(fu)合(he)《NY5030-2001無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品畜禽飼(si)(si)養獸藥使用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》和(he)《NY5032-2001無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品畜禽飼(si)(si)料(liao)和(he)飼(si)(si)料(liao)添(tian)加劑使用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規定(ding)(ding),肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)飼(si)(si)養管理符(fu)合(he)《NY5151-2002無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)飼(si)(si)養管理準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》和(he)《NY5149-2002無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品肉(rou)(rou)羊(yang)飼(si)(si)養獸醫防(fang)疫準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)。羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)符(fu)合(he)《NY5149-2002無公(gong)(gong)(gong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)》標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)規定(ding)(ding)。
五.特(te)定生產方式
1.放(fang)牧管理要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)點春季(ji)放(fang)牧先(xian)放(fang)枯草坡或(huo)喂(wei)一(yi)些干草,然(ran)后再放(fang)青草坡,要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)防止羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)跑青和(he)臌氣,早(zao)上天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)冷,不(bu)(bu)能讓(rang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)吃露水(shui)草,否(fou)則易(yi)引起拉稀;夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)應做(zuo)好防暑降(jiang)溫工作(zuo)(zuo),中午炎熱時(shi)(shi)應讓(rang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群到通(tong)風、陰涼(liang)處休息,同時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)多(duo)給羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群飲水(shui)和(he)補(bu)鹽;秋季(ji)是羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)群抓膘(biao)(biao)配(pei)種(zhong)季(ji)節(jie),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)將(jiang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)放(fang)飽、放(fang)好;冬季(ji)注(zhu)意防寒、保(bao)(bao)(bao)暖、保(bao)(bao)(bao)膘(biao)(biao)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)羔。舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)技術舍(she)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)應配(pei)有(you)專用的羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)和(he)運(yun)動(dong)場,并設有(you)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)槽和(he)水(shui)槽。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注(zhu)意定時(shi)(shi)、定量(liang)、定質(zhi)、定人。根據不(bu)(bu)同羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi),確定喂(wei)量(liang),既能吃飽,又(you)不(bu)(bu)浪費。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)草、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)、飲水(shui)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)清(qing)潔,不(bu)(bu)喂(wei)霉(mei)(mei)變草料(liao),冬天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)最(zui)好飲用溫水(shui),保(bao)(bao)(bao)持羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)舍(she)清(qing)潔、干燥,做(zuo)到冬暖夏(xia)(xia)涼(liang),糞便要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經常打掃。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)搞(gao)好春秋兩(liang)次防疫和(he)經常性(xing)的驅蟲。平時(shi)(shi)做(zuo)好衛(wei)生、消毒工作(zuo)(zuo)、消毒工作(zuo)(zuo),羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)糞要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堆積發酵處理后使(shi)用,同時(shi)(shi)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)只(zhi)運(yun)動(dong),保(bao)(bao)(bao)持羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)體衛(wei)生。、種(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)管理種(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)持中上等(deng)膘(biao)(biao)情,性(xing)欲(yu)旺盛。飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)營(ying)養(yang)價值高,有(you)足量(liang)的蛋白(bai)質(zhi)、維生素及(ji)無機(ji)鹽等(deng),且易(yi)消化,適(shi)口性(xing)好。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)單圈飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang),單獨(du)組群放(fang)牧、運(yun)動(dong)和(he)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si),不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)混群。母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)配(pei)種(zhong)前(qian)(qian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)好抓膘(biao)(biao)復(fu)壯,瘦弱(ruo)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)適(shi)當增加(jia)(jia)(jia)營(ying)養(yang)。青、粗(cu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)自由采食,精(jing)料(liao)每天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)每只(zhi)補(bu)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)0.2公斤左(zuo)右。孕期(qi)應加(jia)(jia)(jia)強管理,防擁(yong)擠、跳溝、驚群、滑倒(dao),日常活動(dong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)慢、穩(wen),不(bu)(bu)喂(wei)霉(mei)(mei)變飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)和(he)冰凍飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao),以防流產。妊娠后期(qi)由于胎兒發育快,應增加(jia)(jia)(jia)精(jing)料(liao)喂(wei)量(liang)。產前(qian)(qian)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右應多(duo)喂(wei)一(yi)些多(duo)汁飼(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao),哺乳期(qi)應加(jia)(jia)(jia)強營(ying)養(yang),以保(bao)(bao)(bao)證奶水(shui)充足。
2.羔羊的管理初(chu)生羔羊要盡量早(zao)吃、多(duo)吃初(chu)乳,吃的越(yue)早(zao),吃得(de)越(yue)多(duo),增(zeng)重越(yue)快(kuai),體制(zhi)越(yue)強,發(fa)病少,成活(huo)率高(gao)。從10日齡后開(kai)始給草,20天(tian)開(kai)始訓練吃料,以(yi)促使羔羊正常發(fa)育,對于(yu)不做(zuo)種用(yong)的公羔羊可用(yong)結扎法或(huo)手術法進(jin)行去勢。
3.育成羊(yang)的(de)管(guan)理(li)半(ban)放牧(mu)半(ban)舍飼是培育青年羊(yang)最(zui)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)飼養方式(shi),斷奶(nai)后至8月(yue)齡,每(mei)日在吃足(zu)優質干(gan)草的(de)基礎上,補喂含可消(xiao)化粗蛋(dan)白15%的(de)精料0.2公斤,如(ru)果草質優良也可以少給精料。