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品種來源

簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)是在(zai)20世紀(ji)50年(nian)代中(zhong)期，由上(shang)海(hai)水蜜桃(tao)中(zhong)熟(shu)種芽變而(er)來。在(zai)20世紀(ji)30年(nian)代的抗日戰(zhan)爭初期，中(zhong)國著(zhu)名果樹專(zhuan)家章(zhang)文才教授隨金(jin)陵大學(xue)內(nei)遷入四(si)川大學(xue)農(nong)學(xue)系，把上(shang)海(hai)水蜜桃(tao)從(cong)南京引(yin)(yin)入簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)場(chang)（簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)場(chang)原為川大農(nong)學(xue)系園(yuan)藝(yi)實(shi)驗站），最初定植在(zai)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)場(chang)龍泉驛長松寺分場(chang)（柏合鎮長積村）。在(zai)20世紀(ji)50年(nian)代中(zhong)后期簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)場(chang)場(chang)長葛文斌從(cong)引(yin)(yin)進(jin)(jin)的材料(liao)中(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)變異株系，并(bing)在(zai)20世紀(ji)60年(nian)代引(yin)(yin)回簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)園(yuan)藝(yi)總場(chang)（簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)東溪鎮）作進(jin)(jin)一步觀察(cha)分析(xi)，經多(duo)年(nian)觀察(cha)發(fa)現(xian)該變異株具有晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)特性(xing)，肉質(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)嫩，綜合性(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)為優(you)，取名晚(wan)(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)。龍泉、資中(zhong)、樂至、內(nei)江、長寧、貴州等(deng)地引(yin)(yin)種栽植，表明簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)豐產性(xing)、穩產性(xing)強，果大質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)，遺傳性(xing)狀穩定，適(shi)應性(xing)廣，抗旱耐瘠等(deng)特點。國內(nei)外(wai)專(zhuan)家多(duo)次到(dao)簡(jian)(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)鑒定，都認為該桃(tao)為優(you)良晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)桃(tao)品(pin)種，品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)于(yu)其他品(pin)種，是南方品(pin)種群(qun)珍(zhen)稀晚(wan)(wan)熟(shu)品(pin)種，適(shi)宜(yi)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)發(fa)展。

品種特性

簡陽晚白桃適應性極強，抗旱、耐瘠薄，豐產性和穩產性好，盛果期最高畝產2500kg，200g以上大果占總產量70-80%。其果實較大、整齊度高，平均果重250g以上，最大果重600g，果實香甜可口，軟溶質，多汁化渣，風味濃郁。8月上中旬成熟，此時市場優質桃極少，競爭力強，以“早結、豐產、晚熟、果大、質優”著稱。

自然生態環(huan)境(jing)和人文歷(li)史因素

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌(mao)情況：簡(jian)陽晚(wan)白桃(tao)主(zhu)要分布在(zai)簡(jian)陽市西北(bei)轄區，海拔400－1059m，位于龍泉山脈中段(duan)地帶，產(chan)區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主(zhu)要為黃壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)或砂(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)，pH值為5.5－7.5，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)排水好(hao)、透氣(qi)性(xing)強，適宜晚(wan)白桃(tao)生長需要，且使(shi)得晚(wan)白桃(tao)進入結果期(qi)早。 

（2）水(shui)文情況：簡陽(yang)市境內河(he)流(liu)水(shui)系發(fa)達，地(di)表水(shui)資源豐富。流(liu)域(yu)面積在6平方公里以(yi)上的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)36條，流(liu)域(yu)面積在50平方公里以(yi)上的(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)有12條，其中(zhong)(zhong)沱(tuo)江是簡陽(yang)最大的(de)(de)過境河(he)流(liu)，系長(chang)江Ι級支流(liu)。在簡境內有大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)型水(shui)庫(ku)85處。 

（3）氣(qi)(qi)候情況：簡陽晚(wan)白桃產(chan)區(qu)屬(shu)亞熱帶濕(shi)潤氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫17.1℃，最熱為(wei)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)26.5℃，最冷為(wei)元(yuan)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)6.3℃，穩定(ding)通過10℃的積溫為(wei)5421℃，自3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)11日(ri)至11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)23日(ri)，歷時259天，4—8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)地面（0cm）溫度(du)比氣(qi)(qi)溫高(gao)3—4℃。無霜(shuang)期300天。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨量882.9mm。空氣(qi)(qi)相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)77%，累年(nian)各月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度(du)在70—85%之間。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)日(ri)照時數(shu)1250.9h，日(ri)照百分率為(wei)28%，全(quan)(quan)年(nian)中(zhong)，3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)起至9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)止，旬(xun)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照數(shu)穩定(ding)在30h以上，7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)到8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照數(shu)高(gao)達60.5h，為(wei)全(quan)(quan)年(nian)日(ri)照最佳時期，對(dui)提高(gao)晚(wan)白桃產(chan)量和品質非常有利。 

（4）人(ren)文(wen)(wen)歷史情(qing)況(kuang)：簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)是在(zai)(zai)50年(nian)代中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)，由上(shang)海水蜜(mi)桃(tao)(tao)中(zhong)(zhong)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)芽變(bian)而(er)來(lai)。在(zai)(zai)抗(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)爭初期(qi)(qi)，我(wo)國(guo)(guo)著(zhu)名(ming)果(guo)樹專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)章文(wen)(wen)才教授，隨金(jin)陵(ling)大學內遷入四(si)川大學農(nong)學系(xi)(xi)，把上(shang)海水蜜(mi)桃(tao)(tao)從(cong)(cong)南京引入簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)藝場(chang)(chang)（簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)藝場(chang)(chang)原為(wei)川大農(nong)學系(xi)(xi)園(yuan)(yuan)藝實(shi)驗站），最初定(ding)植在(zai)(zai)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)藝場(chang)(chang)龍泉(quan)驛(yi)長松(song)(song)寺(si)分場(chang)(chang)（龍泉(quan)驛(yi)區(qu)柏合(he)(he)鎮(zhen)長松(song)(song)村）。在(zai)(zai)50年(nian)代中(zhong)(zhong)后期(qi)(qi)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)藝場(chang)(chang)場(chang)(chang)長葛文(wen)(wen)斌(bin)從(cong)(cong)引進的(de)(de)材料中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)(fa)現變(bian)異株(zhu)系(xi)(xi)，并(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)60年(nian)代引回(hui)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)園(yuan)(yuan)藝總場(chang)(chang)（簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)東溪鎮(zhen)）作近一步觀(guan)察分析。經多年(nian)觀(guan)察發(fa)(fa)現該(gai)變(bian)異株(zhu)具有晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)特(te)性(xing)，且肉質(zhi)白(bai)(bai)(bai)嫩(nen)，綜(zong)合(he)(he)性(xing)狀(zhuang)優(you)(you)，并(bing)(bing)取名(ming)為(wei)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)。簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)具有豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)、穩產(chan)(chan)性(xing)強(qiang)，果(guo)大質(zhi)優(you)(you)，遺傳性(xing)狀(zhuang)穩定(ding)，適(shi)應性(xing)廣，抗(kang)旱耐瘠(ji)等特(te)點。國(guo)(guo)內外專(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)多次到簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行鑒定(ding)，都一致認定(ding)該(gai)桃(tao)(tao)為(wei)優(you)(you)良晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)桃(tao)(tao)品種(zhong)(zhong)，是南方品種(zhong)(zhong)群珍稀(xi)晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)品種(zhong)(zhong)，適(shi)宜規模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。 簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)適(shi)應性(xing)極強(qiang)，抗(kang)旱、耐瘠(ji)薄，豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)性(xing)和(he)穩產(chan)(chan)性(xing)好，盛果(guo)期(qi)(qi)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)2500kg以上(shang)，其果(guo)實(shi)較大、整齊度高，平均果(guo)重250g，最大果(guo)重600g。果(guo)實(shi)香甜可口，軟溶質(zhi)，多汁(zhi)化(hua)渣，風(feng)味濃郁。8月上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬成熟(shu)(shu)(shu)，此時市(shi)場(chang)(chang)優(you)(you)質(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)極少，競爭力強(qiang)。因此簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)以“早結、豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)、晚(wan)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)、果(guo)大、質(zhi)優(you)(you)”著(zhu)稱(cheng)。 1996年(nian)，簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)獲(huo)“四(si)川優(you)(you)質(zhi)果(guo)品“稱(cheng)號，1999年(nian)獲(huo)“昆(kun)明(ming)世界園(yuan)(yuan)藝博(bo)覽會(hui)(hui)”銀(yin)獎，2003年(nian)通過四(si)川省品種(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會(hui)(hui)審(shen)定(ding)，正式命名(ming)為(wei)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)，并(bing)(bing)頒(ban)布實(shi)施《簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)無公害體系(xi)(xi)標(biao)準(zhun)》地方標(biao)準(zhun)。2006年(nian)經中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)食(shi)品工業(ye)(ye)協(xie)會(hui)(hui)花卉食(shi)品專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)委員會(hui)(hui)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)組評審(shen)并(bing)(bing)通過，簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)被譽名(ming)為(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)之鄉”。目前，簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)在(zai)(zai)保護區(qu)內種(zhong)(zhong)植面積已達5萬(wan)畝(mu)，投產(chan)(chan)面積2萬(wan)畝(mu)，其中(zhong)(zhong)周家(jia)鄉為(wei)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)示范區(qu)，約有3000余畝(mu)。在(zai)(zai)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)桃(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)進程中(zhong)(zhong)，市(shi)委市(shi)府根據(ju)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)實(shi)際，通過宣傳發(fa)(fa)動及出(chu)臺(tai)一系(xi)(xi)列扶持政策(ce)，確定(ding)了以發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)為(wei)代表(biao)的(de)(de)水蜜(mi)桃(tao)(tao)，作為(wei)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)現代農(nong)業(ye)(ye)，大力調整農(nong)業(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)結構、加快新農(nong)村建設的(de)(de)支(zhi)稱(cheng)和(he)形象產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)，使全(quan)市(shi)的(de)(de)水蜜(mi)桃(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)得以可持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，到2018年(nian)簡(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)桃(tao)(tao)單一品種(zhong)(zhong)達到12萬(wan)畝(mu)。

榮譽認證

1996年(nian)，簡陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)獲“四川優質果(guo)品(pin)(pin)”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)，1999年(nian)獲“昆明世界園藝博覽會(hui)”銀獎，2003年(nian)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)四川省(sheng)(sheng)品(pin)(pin)種審定委員(yuan)會(hui)審定，正(zheng)式命名為簡陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)，并頒(ban)布實(shi)施《簡陽(yang)(yang)晚(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)無(wu)公害體系(xi)標(biao)準》地(di)方標(biao)準，四川省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳將其確定為全省(sheng)(sheng)水果(guo)主要(yao)推廣品(pin)(pin)種之一。2006年(nian)經中國(guo)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)工業(ye)協會(hui)花卉食(shi)品(pin)(pin)專業(ye)委員(yuan)會(hui)專業(ye)組評(ping)審并通(tong)(tong)過(guo)，簡陽(yang)(yang)市被正(zheng)式譽為“中國(guo)晚(wan)白(bai)桃(tao)之鄉”稱(cheng)(cheng)號(hao)。2010年(nian)獲國(guo)家(jia)農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)志認證。

生產情況

簡陽市將(jiang)晚白桃(tao)作(zuo)為(wei)主導支(zhi)撐產(chan)業，2010年起(qi)，將(jiang)核心(xin)示范(fan)(fan)區建(jian)設作(zuo)為(wei)現代農(nong)(nong)業產(chan)業基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設的(de)著(zhu)力(li)點(dian)和(he)突破口，通過改善基(ji)礎設施條件（路、渠(qu)、塘、堰(yan)、大(da)棚等），加強(qiang)新技術培訓和(he)推廣應用，提(ti)高種(zhong)植業水(shui)平，實行規模化、規范(fan)(fan)化發展。集中力(li)量在(zai)產(chan)業基(ji)礎好、群眾(zhong)積極性高、示范(fan)(fan)帶動明顯、沿(yan)交通干線(xian)的(de)地(di)方打造核心(xin)示范(fan)(fan)區，以此(ci)來領跑(pao)產(chan)業，推動產(chan)業結(jie)構優化升級，加快基(ji)地(di)建(jian)設步伐，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)民持續增收。

2010年重(zhong)點(dian)啟動(dong)了示范(fan)(fan)(fan)區內1500畝(mu)簡陽晚白桃(tao)(tao)標(biao)(biao)準化核心(xin)(xin)(xin)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)園(yuan)建(jian)設(she)(she)，首期500畝(mu)已初(chu)具規(gui)模，二(er)期1000畝(mu)動(dong)工建(jian)設(she)(she)。該(gai)核心(xin)(xin)(xin)園(yuan)由四(si)川省天保果(guo)業(ye)承(cheng)建(jian)，采用(yong)土地流(liu)轉集中建(jian)園(yuan)，園(yuan)地建(jian)設(she)(she)中包括土地整治(zhi)、作業(ye)道路、池、渠(qu)、提灌等基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)由項目配套解決，業(ye)主與農戶(hu)入股組建(jian)合(he)(he)作社共同經(jing)營(ying)。通(tong)過項目整合(he)(he)，高標(biao)(biao)準、高質量綜(zong)合(he)(he)打(da)造由核心(xin)(xin)(xin)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)園(yuan)輻射帶動(dong)周(zhou)家、賈家、石盤10000畝(mu)“龍(long)陽升新(xin)村示范(fan)(fan)(fan)片”簡陽晚白桃(tao)(tao)核心(xin)(xin)(xin)示范(fan)(fan)(fan)區。