一.產品介紹
峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)彝(yi)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)位于四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)西南部(bu)小涼(liang)山(shan)區,土壤肥沃,氣候條件(jian)得天獨厚,非常適(shi)合馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)。峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)歷(li)史悠久,早(zao)在(zai)(zai)《峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)志》(1915年(nian)(nian)版)記載:“高(gao)(gao)山(shan)彝(yi)族(zu)地(di)區農(nong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物有(you)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、蕎(qiao)麥、馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),低山(shan)區主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)有(you)玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、水(shui)稻、小麥、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)...解放前,峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)彝(yi)族(zu)人(ren)民(min)(min)以玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)、蕎(qiao)麥、洋芋(馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))為(wei)主(zhu)食,漢族(zu)兼吃洋芋(馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))、瓜類(lei)、豆類(lei)等”。在(zai)(zai)彝(yi)族(zu)土語中(zhong)(zhong),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)又(you)名“洋喲”、“窩來(lai)(lai)(lai)”,是彝(yi)族(zu)同胞婚(hun)、喪、嫁、娶等日(ri)常生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)不可缺的(de)(de)重要作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)物。峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)人(ren)民(min)(min)每家早(zao)上(shang)(shang)都要煮一鍋洋芋作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)午打尖的(de)(de)食品,在(zai)(zai)“集(ji)爾集(ji)鐵”、“蒙格”等彝(yi)族(zu)傳統會(hui)(hui)議中(zhong)(zhong),自(zi)古(gu)就有(you)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)燒(shao)洋芋、吃洋芋,邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)商(shang)討(tao)問(wen)題的(de)(de)習俗。 歷(li)史以來(lai)(lai)(lai)峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)農(nong)民(min)(min)幾乎每家都要種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),在(zai)(zai)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)實踐中(zhong)(zhong),總結出(chu)了許多馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)栽培技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)模式,并(bing)于1994年(nian)(nian)首(shou)次進行馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)施(shi)用健壯(zhuang)素試驗示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)推(tui)廣,此項(xiang)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)獲1998年(nian)(nian)度(du)樂山(shan)市(shi)科(ke)技進步三等獎(jiang)。近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)(lai)(lai),峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展得到(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)級領導、各部(bu)門的(de)(de)大(da)力(li)支(zhi)持(chi)和幫助,取得了可喜的(de)(de)成績。2008年(nian)(nian)峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)被(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)科(ke)學技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)協會(hui)(hui)、財政(zheng)部(bu)評(ping)為(wei)科(ke)普示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(脫毒馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu))基地(di),2008-2010年(nian)(nian)被(bei)四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)業(ye)廳(ting)列(lie)為(wei)脫毒馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)良種(zhong)繁育基地(di),2010年(nian)(nian)被(bei)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)指定為(wei)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)創(chuang)建活(huo)動(dong)縣(xian),2011年(nian)(nian)被(bei)四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新團隊列(lie)為(wei)重點(dian)縣(xian)。2011年(nian)(nian)4月,四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)冬(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研討(tao)及現(xian)場(chang)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)成功召開(kai),經專家組驗收認(ren)定,峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)冬(dong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)旱地(di)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關(guan)(guan)、水(shui)旱輪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關(guan)(guan)、薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)/玉(yu)(yu)/菜三高(gao)(gao)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)模式產(chan)(chan)量均(jun)創(chuang)全省(sheng)(sheng)第一。四(si)川(chuan)日(ri)報、四(si)川(chuan)科(ke)技報、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)網等分別以《峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian):“薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)”光在(zai)(zai)前 產(chan)(chan)業(ye)致(zhi)富》、《學“峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)經驗” 促我省(sheng)(sheng)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)再上(shang)(shang)臺(tai)階》、《峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)冬(dong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創(chuang)造四(si)川(chuan)大(da)面(mian)積高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)紀錄》給予宣傳報道,對峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)發展和工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)給予高(gao)(gao)度(du)贊揚和肯定。 峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)彝(yi)族(zu)自(zi)治縣(xian)縣(xian)委、人(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)遵(zun)照四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)(sheng)常務副省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)鐘勉(mian)“要繼續(xu)支(zhi)持(chi)峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)加大(da)推(tui)廣力(li)度(du),并(bing)首(shou)先在(zai)(zai)大(da)小涼(liang)山(shan)彝(yi)區示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)推(tui)廣”的(de)(de)指示(shi)(shi)(shi)精神,大(da)力(li)推(tui)廣冬(dong)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)旱地(di)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關(guan)(guan)、水(shui)旱輪作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)攻(gong)關(guan)(guan)和薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)-玉(yu)(yu)米(mi)-菜種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)模式。2012年(nian)(nian)全縣(xian)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積可達12萬(wan)畝(mu),2014年(nian)(nian)力(li)爭種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積達到(dao)(dao)20萬(wan)畝(mu),新增(zeng)收2億元(yuan),商(shang)品薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)量突破(po)30萬(wan)噸,把峨(e)(e)(e)邊(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)縣(xian)打造成全國(guo)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冬(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)縣(xian)和全省(sheng)(sheng)現(xian)代(dai)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)縣(xian)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
峨(e)邊馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯產區(qu)(qu)位于四(si)(si)川盆(pen)地與云貴高原的過(guo)渡地帶,地形高差懸殊,以坡(po)地居多,海拔469-4288米。產區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)以黃壤(rang)、紫壤(rang)為主,ph值5.5-7.5,有機質含(han)量豐富、土層厚且(qie)肥沃,適合馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯的種(zhong)植(zhi)。 峨(e)邊馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯產區(qu)(qu)屬亞熱(re)帶濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫隨(sui)海拔高度(du)而異,垂直差異明顯,形成“一(yi)山(shan)分四(si)(si)季,十里不同天(tian),山(shan)頂(ding)戴雪帽,山(shan)腳百花鮮”的獨特氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件。年平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫16.5℃,平均日照時數1049小時,穩定通過(guo)0℃的積溫6039℃,無(wu)霜期304天(tian),平均降水(shui)量1000.9mm,非(fei)常適合馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯種(zhong)植(zhi),尤其是冬作馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯的發展,形成了峨(e)邊馬(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)薯薯型好、表(biao)皮(pi)光(guang)滑、口感好、營養豐富等特點。
三.地域范圍
峨(e)邊馬鈴薯農產品(pin)地理標志地域保(bao)(bao)護范圍包括四川省樂山市峨(e)邊彝族自(zi)治縣的沙坪(ping)鎮(zhen)、毛坪(ping)鎮(zhen)、新林(lin)鎮(zhen)、五渡鎮(zhen)、大(da)堡鎮(zhen)、白楊(yang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、紅(hong)花鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、宜坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊(yang)村(cun)(cun)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、楊(yang)河鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、金巖鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、勒烏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、黑(hei)竹溝鎮(zhen)、哈曲鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、萬坪(ping)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、覺莫鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、平等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、共(gong)和鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、新場鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)19個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(鎮(zhen)),129個(ge)行政村(cun)(cun),地理坐標為東(dong)經102°54′-103°33′、北緯28°39′-29°19′之間,東(dong)到平等(deng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)清溪村(cun)(cun),南到勒烏鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)山峰(feng)村(cun)(cun),西到黑(hei)竹溝鎮(zhen)依烏村(cun)(cun),北到新場鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)龐溝村(cun)(cun)。保(bao)(bao)護面積239550公(gong)頃,年產量(liang)9.2萬噸。
四.產品品質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感官特征:峨(e)邊馬鈴薯(shu)薯(shu)型圓形(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing),表皮(pi)光滑(hua)、黃(huang)皮(pi)黃(huang)肉或(huo)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)白(bai)(bai)肉,光澤(ze)度(du)好(hao),芽眼較淺,適宜鮮食(shi)菜用,香味四溢,口感香甜滑(hua)潤,風味獨(du)特,不易斷裂。
(2)內在品質(zhi)指標(biao):峨邊(bian)馬鈴薯淀(dian)粉≥15.5%,干(gan)物質(zhi)≥18.5%,含有(you)豐富的維生素C。
(3)安全要(yao)求:產地環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件(jian)、土壤環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)、農(nong)(nong)田灌(guan)溉水質標準符合(he)(he)無公(gong)(gong)害馬鈴薯(shu)生產基地環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)(liang)DB51/336-2003、GB15618、GB5084的規定(ding);生產過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)農(nong)(nong)藥和(he)(he)化(hua)肥的使用(yong)符合(he)(he)《無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產品農(nong)(nong)藥使用(yong)準則》(DB51/337-2003)和(he)(he)《無公(gong)(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產品生產用(yong)肥使用(yong)準則》(DB51/338-2003);產品質量(liang)(liang)符合(he)(he)《無公(gong)(gong)害食品 薯(shu)芋類(lei)蔬菜》(NY5221-2005)。