一.產品介紹
慶元縣是國(guo)內率先取得灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)人工栽培(pei)(pei)成功的(de)地區(qu)和全(quan)國(guo)最大的(de)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)主產(chan)(chan)地。1985年(nian)慶元縣食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)科研(yan)(yan)中(zhong)心吳(wu)克甸等發(fa)表了國(guo)內首篇灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)人工栽培(pei)(pei)技術論文(wen)《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)栽培(pei)(pei)初探》,九十年(nian)代(dai)起大面積推廣(guang),目前全(quan)縣年(nian)產(chan)(chan)量8000多噸,占全(quan)國(guo)總(zong)總(zong)量80%以上,產(chan)(chan)業(ye)總(zong)產(chan)(chan)值超(chao)3億元。 1998年(nian),慶元縣食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)研(yan)(yan)究科研(yan)(yan)中(zhong)心承擔的(de)“灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)高產(chan)(chan)栽培(pei)(pei)技術推廣(guang)”獲麗水市農業(ye)豐收獎一等獎。2002年(nian),慶元研(yan)(yan)發(fa)的(de)“麥特消”灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)膠(jiao)囊藥(yao)品獲得國(guo)家藥(yao)字號。2009年(nian),慶元黃田(tian)鎮(zhen)被中(zhong)國(guo)食(shi)用(yong)菌(jun)協會授予“中(zhong)國(guo)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)之鄉”稱號。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、生態環(huan)境。慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)縣(xian)是(shi)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國生態環(huan)境第(di)一縣(xian)”。是(shi)甌江、閩(min)江、福安江的(de)(de)(de)(de)發源地(di)(di)(di)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)面積1898平方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)1678平方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)、農業(ye)(ye)耕地(di)(di)(di)106平方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi)、溪流水(shui)(shui)域27平方(fang)(fang)千米(mi)(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)“九山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半(ban)水(shui)(shui)半(ban)分田”之說(shuo)。擁有(you)(you)(you)(you)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)、實驗林(lin)(lin)場(chang)、產業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)司等(deng)國有(you)(you)(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)場(chang)和一批(pi)鄉(xiang)(鎮)、村(cun)集(ji)體林(lin)(lin),各地(di)(di)(di)還營建菇木、竹筍、柑橘、錐栗等(deng)經濟林(lin)(lin)基地(di)(di)(di)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)16萬(wan)(wan)余(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)頃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)木蓄積量(liang)846萬(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),立竹量(liang)54520400萬(wan)(wan)株,森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率達(da)86%,是(shi)浙江省8個林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)重(zhong)點(dian)縣(xian)之一。生產用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)主要為(wei)地(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)質優(you)良,符(fu)合人畜飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)標準。豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然資源,良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)生態環(huan)境,是(shi)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害化栽培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)堅實基礎(chu),能很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)滿足慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)對(dui)環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴格要求(qiu)。 2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌。慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)形屬(shu)浙西南(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)溪谷、盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等(deng)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)地(di)(di)(di)貌,地(di)(di)(di)勢由東北(bei)向西南(nan)傾(qing)斜。東、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)洞宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈所踞,多(duo)(duo)崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺、深谷陡坡,海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)1500米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰有(you)(you)(you)(you)23座,主峰百山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)祖海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)1856.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)浙江省第(di)二高(gao)峰,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)(谷)相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)度海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)600米(mi)(mi)(mi)—800米(mi)(mi)(mi);西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)是(shi)仙霞嶺——楓嶺余(yu)(yu)脈,地(di)(di)(di)勢較東、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)平緩,谷地(di)(di)(di)較寬,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)盆(pen)(谷)地(di)(di)(di)相(xiang)對(dui)高(gao)度海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)330—600米(mi)(mi)(mi),新窯村(cun)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)240米(mi)(mi)(mi),是(shi)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)最低(di)(di)點(dian)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)800米(mi)(mi)(mi)以下的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)主要是(shi)紅壤(rang)(rang),僅在海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)750-800米(mi)(mi)(mi)以上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)黃壤(rang)(rang)分布。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西部(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵河谷小平原和東南(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)臺地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)壟(long)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)坡及洪積地(di)(di)(di)等(deng)開闊平緩地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)分布著由各種(zhong)自(zi)然土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)經長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)灌水(shui)(shui)耕種(zhong)熟化發育(yu)而成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)。適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)度、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件是(shi)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)生長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必要條件。 3、氣候特點(dian)。氣候屬(shu)亞(ya)熱帶季風(feng)氣候,溫(wen)暖濕潤,四季分明,年平均氣溫(wen)17.4℃,降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)1760毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)245天(tian),氣候總體特點(dian)是(shi)冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑。就局部(bu)(bu)而言,東、北(bei)部(bu)(bu)氣溫(wen)較之西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)低(di)(di),無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)(qi)短,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大。亞(ya)熱帶季風(feng)性濕潤氣候最宜于(yu)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)等(deng)菌類(lei)生長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
慶(qing)元縣地(di)處浙(zhe)江省西南部,東、南、西三面(mian)與福(fu)建壽寧、政和、松溪3縣交界,北與浙(zhe)江省龍泉市、景(jing)寧畬族自治(zhi)縣接壤。南北長(chang)49千米,東西寬67千米,總面(mian)積1898平(ping)方千米,人(ren)口20萬(wan)。慶(qing)元灰(hui)樹花農產品地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域(yu)保(bao)護范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei):黃(huang)田鎮(zhen)、嶺頭(tou)鄉(xiang)、濛洲街道、竹口鎮(zhen)、五大堡鄉(xiang)等3個(ge)(ge)街道,6個(ge)(ge)鎮(zhen),10個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang),19個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)級政區及8個(ge)(ge)社區、345個(ge)(ge)村民(min)委員會。地(di)理(li)坐標為(wei)(wei)北緯(wei)27°25′~27°51′,東經(jing)118°50′~119°30′。以(yi)慶(qing)元縣縣域(yu)邊界內耕(geng)地(di)為(wei)(wei)主,保(bao)護面(mian)積120平(ping)方公里。慶(qing)元灰(hui)樹花生產規模(mo)一直穩定200公頃(qing),栽培量1800萬(wan)袋(dai)左右(you),年鮮產量達8000噸以(yi)上(shang)。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
1、形態(tai)特征 慶(qing)(qing)元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)子實體(ti)(ti)簇(cu)生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)片,整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)呈半球形,直徑(jing)一般為(wei)15厘米左右,基部相連,珊瑚(hu)狀分(fen)枝。葉(xie)片灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)褐色(se),扇(shan)形或匙形。葉(xie)片表面有(you)(you)放射狀條紋,邊緣薄;背面白(bai)色(se),滿布菌(jun)管孔。子實體(ti)(ti)肉質(zhi)(zhi)脆嫩,有(you)(you)獨(du)特香味(wei)。 2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特色(se) 慶(qing)(qing)元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)子實體(ti)(ti)肉質(zhi)(zhi)柔(rou)軟(ruan),脆嫩味(wei)美(mei),味(wei)如雞絲,脆似玉蘭,有(you)(you)松口蘑的香味(wei),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)烹制成(cheng)多種(zhong)佳肴;子實體(ti)(ti)營養豐(feng)富(fu),富(fu)含(han)(han)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)、鐵(tie)、硒、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)B1、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)B2、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)E、氨基酸,并含(han)(han)有(you)(you)β-葡聚糖(tang)(tang)為(wei)主的灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)多糖(tang)(tang)等活性成(cheng)份(fen),具有(you)(you)提高人體(ti)(ti)免疫(yi)功能、預防(fang)糖(tang)(tang)尿(niao)病和抗腫瘤等作用(yong)。經農業部農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)及轉(zhuan)基因(yin)(yin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)監督檢驗測(ce)試中(zhong)心檢測(ce),慶(qing)(qing)元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)20%~30%;粗(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)2%~5%;粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)7%~10%;灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)分(fen)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)5%~8%;粗(cu)多糖(tang)(tang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)6%~9%。因(yin)(yin)此,灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)具有(you)(you)很(hen)好的保健作用(yong)和很(hen)高的藥用(yong)價值,是(shi)一種(zhong)高級保健食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。 3、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定 慶(qing)(qing)元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)按(an)照(zhao)《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)程》(DB331126/T18—2007)技(ji)術規(gui)程進(jin)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)準化(hua)(hua)栽培(pei)。質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)采用(yong)對灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)、粗(cu)多糖(tang)(tang)等理化(hua)(hua)指標(biao)(biao)以(yi)(yi)及衛生(sheng)(sheng)等的檢測(ce)、監控而(er)得以(yi)(yi)控制,慶(qing)(qing)元灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按(an)《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)》(NY/T 446-2001)標(biao)(biao)準執行(xing)(xing),衛生(sheng)(sheng)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)《食用(yong)菌(jun)衛生(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)(biao)準》(GB 7096-2003)標(biao)(biao)準執行(xing)(xing)。
五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式
1、栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):慶灰(hui)151、慶灰(hui)152。 2、栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)環境:生(sheng)產用水(shui)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB5749規定;生(sheng)產環境空(kong)氣(qi)質量應(ying)(ying)符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB3095一類(lei)區要求。 3、菇棚由遮蔭高棚(外棚)和(he)拱形塑料(liao)大棚(內棚)組(zu)成(cheng)。 4、菌(jun)(jun)棒式(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)技(ji)術要點 4.1 栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)季節安排:每年可進行春秋(qiu)兩季栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei),春栽(zai)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1—2月,秋(qiu)栽(zai)7—8月,海拔愈(yu)高春栽(zai)接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期愈(yu)遲,秋(qiu)栽(zai)則接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期愈(yu)早。 4.2培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)配方(fang):雜木屑34%、棉(mian)子(zi)(zi)殼34%、山(shan)表(biao)土10%、麥麩10%、玉米粉10%、紅糖1%、石膏1%,含水(shui)量60~65%。PH值6-6.5。原材料(liao)要求新鮮,無霉(mei)變(bian),無摻假。 4.3菌(jun)(jun)棒制作流程(cheng):配料(liao)—攪拌—裝袋—滅(mie)菌(jun)(jun)—接(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)—培(pei)(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)。 5、培(pei)(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)管(guan)理:及時翻堆(dui)、刺孔增(zeng)氧、發菌(jun)(jun)檢查及通(tong)風(feng)降溫(wen),調節適宜的(de)溫(wen)、光(guang)、氣(qi)等(deng)培(pei)(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)條件。 6、出菇管(guan)理 菌(jun)(jun)絲布(bu)滿全袋后,在(zai)溫(wen)度(du)(du)20℃左右即可進行割口,同(tong)時提高出菇場地的(de)空(kong)氣(qi)相對濕度(du)(du)至85%-90%,保持溫(wen)度(du)(du)20-25℃,相應(ying)(ying)增(zeng)加光(guang)照強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du),7天左右形成(cheng)子(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)原基(ji)。之后子(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)將進入分化生(sheng)長階段,要加強(qiang)(qiang)溫(wen)度(du)(du)、濕度(du)(du)、空(kong)氣(qi)的(de)合(he)理調控(kong),隨著子(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)的(de)生(sheng)長,必須加強(qiang)(qiang)通(tong)風(feng),以保持空(kong)氣(qi)清新,同(tong)時逐(zhu)步增(zeng)加光(guang)照強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)。經20-25天的(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang),子(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)體(ti)即可成(cheng)熟采收(shou)。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識(shi)相關規(gui)定
按照(zhao)農(nong)業部關(guan)(guan)于農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),對慶元灰樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)做(zuo)如下(xia)規(gui)(gui)定(ding):凡(fan)在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)的(de)慶元灰樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua),并(bing)按照(zhao)慶元灰樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)質(zhi)量控制規(gui)(gui)程規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)種植的(de)種植戶,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品和(he)包(bao)裝上(shang)(shang)使用(yong)(yong)已獲得的(de)慶元灰樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),須向登(deng)記(ji)證書持有(you)(you)人(ren)提(ti)出申請,并(bing)簽(qian)訂相關(guan)(guan)合同,按照(zhao)相關(guan)(guan)要求規(gui)(gui)范(fan)(fan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),統一(yi)采用(yong)(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱和(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識相結合的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。縣級以上(shang)(shang)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府農(nong)業行(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部門對慶元灰樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)負(fu)有(you)(you)監督(du)(du)管理(li)職能,定(ding)期(qi)對登(deng)記(ji)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)地(di)(di)(di)域范(fan)(fan)圍、標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)等進(jin)行(xing)監督(du)(du)檢查。鼓(gu)勵單位和(he)個(ge)人(ren)對農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)社會監督(du)(du)。使用(yong)(yong)本地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者,對地(di)(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)質(zhi)量和(he)信譽負(fu)責,違反本規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de),由縣級以上(shang)(shang)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府農(nong)業行(xing)政(zheng)主(zhu)管部門依照(zhao)《中華人(ren)民(min)共和(he)國(guo)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品質(zhi)量安全法》有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)處罰。