荊門油(you)菜選用以“華油(you)雜(za)”系列、“中油(you)雜(za)”系列雙(shuang)低油(you)菜品種作為主推品種。其植株(zhu)(zhu)的株(zhu)(zhu)高在1.8-2.2米,薹(tai)(tai)粗約1-1.5厘米,株(zhu)(zhu)平有效角(jiao)果數(shu)156個左右,平均(jun)角(jiao)粒(li)數(shu)17粒(li)左右,色澤翠(cui)綠,莖(jing)干和葉片(pian)有蠟粉,菜薹(tai)(tai)味甜(tian),無傳統油(you)菜薹(tai)(tai)的苦(ku)澀味。
地域(yu)范圍(wei)包括荊門市所轄東(dong)(dong)寶區(qu)、高新(xin)(xin)區(qu)﹒掇刀區(qu)、沙洋縣(xian)、鐘祥市 、京山(shan)縣(xian)、屈家嶺(ling)管理區(qu)、漳河新(xin)(xin)區(qu)等行政(zheng)區(qu)域(yu)的53個鄉(xiang)鎮、街道辦事處。跨(kua)東(dong)(dong)徑111°51'-113°29',北緯30°32'-31°36',國土面(mian)積1.24萬平方公里,耕地面(mian)積406.23萬畝(mu)。荊門東(dong)(dong)接大洪山(shan)之毓(yu)秀,北枕荊山(shan)之靈(ling)脈,南擁江漢平原之富庶(shu),山(shan)川秀美,人杰地靈(ling),物產豐富,境(jing)內北部層巒疊翠(cui),中部崗(gang)嶺(ling)起(qi)伏,南部沃野舒(shu)展,山(shan)區(qu)、丘陵、平原、湖區(qu)地形兼具、優勢(shi)兼得(de)。
本(ben)規范所稱荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產品包括(kuo)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)薹(tai)、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)及以油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)為(wei)原料(liao)所加工的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和(he)(he)餅(bing)(bing)粕。 (一)外在(zai)感官特征 1、荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)選用以“華油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雜”系列(lie)、“中(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雜”系列(lie)雙(shuang)低(di)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)品種作(zuo)為(wei)主推(tui)品種。其植株的(de)株高在(zai)1.8-2.2米,薹(tai)粗(cu)約1-1.5厘米,株平(ping)有(you)(you)效角果數156個左(zuo)(zuo)右,平(ping)均(jun)角粒(li)數17粒(li)左(zuo)(zuo)右,色(se)(se)澤翠綠,莖干和(he)(he)葉片有(you)(you)蠟粉,菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)薹(tai)味(wei)甜,無傳統油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)薹(tai)的(de)苦澀味(wei)。 2、荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)商(shang)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)呈(cheng)(cheng)黑色(se)(se)或(huo)褐色(se)(se),色(se)(se)澤鮮亮(liang),皮薄,籽(zi)粒(li)飽(bao)滿(man)圓潤,大小均(jun)勻整(zheng)齊,千(qian)粒(li)重3.6-4.2克。 3、以荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)為(wei)原料(liao)經傳統壓榨加工的(de)毛油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)呈(cheng)(cheng)深褐色(se)(se),有(you)(you)濃郁的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei)。經精加工后(hou)的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),呈(cheng)(cheng)淺黃(huang)色(se)(se),油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)清(qing)亮(liang)。 4、荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)籽(zi)餅(bing)(bing)粕呈(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)色(se)(se)、淺褐色(se)(se)碎片或(huo)粗(cu)粉狀(zhuang),具(ju)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)香(xiang)味(wei),無發酵、霉變及異(yi)味(wei)。 (二)內在(zai)品質指(zhi)標(biao) 1、荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)芥酸(suan)≤3%,餅(bing)(bing)粕中(zhong)硫(liu)甙(dai)(餅(bing)(bing))≤35 umol/g; 2、荊門(men)(men)(men)(men)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)中(zhong)的(de)高油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)經7D綠色(se)(se)高效加工關(guan)鍵技術壓榨的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)含量≥70%,芥酸(suan)≤3%,其加工副產品餅(bing)(bing)粕硫(liu)甙(dai)≤35umol/g、粗(cu)蛋白≥25%。
(一)土壤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情(qing)(qing)況。荊(jing)(jing)(jing)門地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)東(dong)、西、北(bei)三(san)面(mian)高(gao),中、南(nan)部(bu)低(di),呈向南(nan)敞開形(xing),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)低(di)山(shan)(shan)坳(ao)谷、丘崗沖溝(gou)和(he)(he)(he)平(ping)原湖(hu)區(qu)兼具地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢。東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)鐘祥、京(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處大(da)(da)(da)(da)洪山(shan)(shan)南(nan)麓,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)質特(te)征為(wei)(wei)(wei)褶皺斷塊山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)古生(sheng)界(jie)、中生(sheng)界(jie)碳酸(suan)鹽巖、碎屑巖以(yi)(yi)及(ji)元古界(jie)變質巖構成(cheng)(cheng),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)低(di)山(shan)(shan)或(huo)丘陵。最高(gao)點為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐘祥市(shi)(shi)客店鎮的(de)(de)齋公巖,海(hai)拔1050米(mi)(mi)(mi);西北(bei)部(bu)的(de)(de)東(dong)寶區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)是由(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)巴山(shan)(shan)東(dong)延至保康、南(nan)漳(zhang)的(de)(de)荊(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔降(jiang)(jiang)至1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)下,山(shan)(shan)文線(xian)由(you)東(dong)西轉(zhuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)北(bei)西至東(dong)南(nan),蜿(wan)延形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)荊(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)余脈。主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)二疊(die)三(san)疊(die)紀(ji)石灰巖組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)坳(ao)谷、沖溝(gou)分割起伏和(he)(he)(he)緩的(de)(de)低(di)山(shan)(shan)、丘陵或(huo)崗地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。中、南(nan)部(bu)漢江(jiang)(jiang)兩岸的(de)(de)鐘祥市(shi)(shi)、京(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)部(bu)分和(he)(he)(he)沙洋縣(xian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu),主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分布于新生(sheng)代沉降(jiang)(jiang)盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之中,由(you)于江(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)沖積和(he)(he)(he)湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)淤積,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)平(ping)原湖(hu)區(qu)。最低(di)點為(wei)(wei)(wei)沙洋縣(xian)境(jing)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)長(chang)湖(hu)湖(hu)底和(he)(he)(he)京(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)永隆鎮潘家灣河(he)(he)床,海(hai)拔27米(mi)(mi)(mi)。區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)(nei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)坦,土壤肥沃,湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)密布,河(he)(he)網(wang)交織,堤垸縱橫,是全市(shi)(shi)糧油集中產區(qu)。 (二)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)(qing)況。全境(jing)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)900余條(tiao),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積18.49萬(wan)(wan)公頃(qing),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)40.12億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能資源(yuan)可(ke)開發量(liang)(liang)達28萬(wan)(wan)千瓦。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)、湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)縱橫交錯,泉眼、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)星(xing)羅棋(qi)布,地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)十分豐富,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)漢江(jiang)(jiang)中下游、漳(zhang)河(he)(he)、長(chang)湖(hu)和(he)(he)(he)府(fu)環河(he)(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)四(si)大(da)(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,連接(jie)著(zhu)58座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)556座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)中小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)、71處河(he)(he)壩(ba)和(he)(he)(he)12.95萬(wan)(wan)口堰塘,全市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)積18.52萬(wan)(wan)公頃(qing)。據測算分析,轄區(qu)內(nei)(nei)多年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)43.67億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)15.4億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),除(chu)去重復計(ji)算量(liang)(liang)12.94億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),全市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)46.13億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。過(guo)境(jing)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)漢江(jiang)(jiang)、漳(zhang)河(he)(he)和(he)(he)(he)富水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河(he)(he);入境(jing)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)蠻河(he)(he)、長(chang)壽(shou)河(he)(he);出境(jing)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)京(jing)(jing)(jing)山(shan)(shan)河(he)(he)、天門河(he)(he)、西荊(jing)(jing)(jing)河(he)(he)。漢江(jiang)(jiang)皇莊(zhuang)站多年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)過(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)1710秒立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),過(guo)境(jing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)504億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);漳(zhang)河(he)(he)多年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)8.91億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。境(jing)內(nei)(nei)百畝(mu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)以(yi)(yi)上湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)58座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位容積5.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。其中,千畝(mu)以(yi)(yi)上水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)的(de)(de)湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)19座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),正常蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位容積5.33億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。較大(da)(da)(da)(da)湖(hu)泊(bo)(bo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)湖(hu),正常水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)11.34千公頃(qing),鏡月湖(hu)、借(jie)糧湖(hu)、彭(peng)冢南(nan)湖(hu)、林湖(hu)、賀呂湖(hu)、蝦(xia)子湖(hu)、黃(huang)蕩湖(hu)次之。蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)7座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(外管3座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo))、中型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)29座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(外管4座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo))、小(xiao)(Ⅰ)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)157座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(外管2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo))、小(xiao)(Ⅱ)型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)363座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),另(ling)有(you)2座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在建未驗(yan)收投(tou)運,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容49.97億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),興利庫(ku)(ku)容26.43億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(不含外管水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku));12.95萬(wan)(wan)口塘堰總(zong)容積2.5億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工程主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)分布在漢江(jiang)(jiang)沿(yan)線(xian),有(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘16處,引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)210.7秒立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi);71處河(he)(he)壩(ba)可(ke)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)5961.1萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),引水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)20.6秒立(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。 (三(san))氣(qi)候情(qing)(qing)況。荊(jing)(jing)(jing)門市(shi)(shi)屬亞熱(re)帶季(ji)(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)候,陽光充(chong)足,雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),雨(yu)熱(re)同季(ji)(ji),四(si)季(ji)(ji)分明。年日(ri)照時數1997-2100小(xiao)時,年均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)804-1067mm,日(ri)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫15.6-16.3℃,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)相(xiang)對濕(shi)度74%,無霜期239-255天。太陽輻射年總(zong)量(liang)(liang)112千卡 /cm2。全年盛行西北(bei)風(feng)(feng)和(he)(he)(he)南(nan)風(feng)(feng),年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)風(feng)(feng)速為(wei)(wei)(wei)4.3m/s。荊(jing)(jing)(jing)門市(shi)(shi)作(zuo)物生(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)(ji)節日(ri)照充(chong)沛(pei),雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)適中,光、溫、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、熱(re)、氣(qi)、土等(deng)自然條(tiao)件均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)能滿足優質油菜生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。
(一(yi)(yi)(yi))產(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇。荊門油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)地(di)涵(han)蓋鐘(zhong)祥(xiang)市、沙(sha)洋(yang)縣、東(dong)寶區、荊門高(gao)(gao)新區·掇(duo)刀區、京山縣53個鄉鎮(zhen),為湖北(bei)省優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)保(bao)護(hu)區,面積(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)150萬畝(mu)(mu)左(zuo)右。產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)必須符合《綠色(se)食品產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)條件》(NT/T391)的(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。(二(er))品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇。油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)達到《NY414-2000低(di)芥酸低(di)硫(liu)苷油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)》質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)標準、不(bu)(bu)含轉基因成(cheng)(cheng)分,優選(xuan)華(hua)油(you)(you)雜系列(lie)、中(zhong)油(you)(you)雜系列(lie)等雜交和常規品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。(三(san))生產(chan)過(guo)程管理。 1、基地(di)選(xuan)擇。要求(qiu)(qiu)土(tu)壤質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)良好,疏松肥(fei)沃(wo),透水(shui)(shui)(shui)和保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性能(neng)較好,土(tu)壤有機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)1.5%以(yi)(yi)上(shang),土(tu)壤以(yi)(yi)PH值5.6-7.2為適,土(tu)壤含鹽量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)0.14%-0.2%,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)1m以(yi)(yi)下。土(tu)壤環(huan)境、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、大氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)及(ji)其它達到NY/T391-2000的(de)規定要求(qiu)(qiu)。2、栽植(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。(1)直(zhi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)密(mi)植(zhi)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。選(xuan)用(yong)雙低(di)優質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),10月上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)用(yong)“碧(bi)護(hu)”進(jin)行(xing)(xing)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),促進(jin)發芽(ya),防(fang)治(zhi)苗期(qi)蟲害(hai)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)6行(xing)(xing)或8行(xing)(xing)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)多功(gong)能(neng)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)適墑播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),畝(mu)(mu)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)300克(ke),成(cheng)(cheng)苗2.5萬~3萬株。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)推(tui)遲、墑情(qing)較差(cha)的(de)田(tian)塊(kuai)適當(dang)加大播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)最遲不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)10月20日(ri),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)不(bu)(bu)超過(guo)400克(ke)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)三(san)天(tian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)未萌動出苗應(ying)(ying)灌一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)滲溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui),以(yi)(yi)溝(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸濕廂面為宜,確保(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)全苗。(2)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)底(di)肥(fei)+一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)追肥(fei)”技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)路線。底(di)肥(fei)選(xuan)用(yong)“宜施(shi)(shi)(shi)壯”油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)緩釋肥(fei),畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)40~45公(gong)斤(jin),隨多功(gong)能(neng)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時一(yi)(yi)(yi)并(bing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong),把肥(fei)料(liao)深(shen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)下部(bu),提高(gao)(gao)肥(fei)效(xiao)。元(yuan)月中(zhong)下旬(xun)追肥(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),視(shi)苗情(qing)畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素2.5~5公(gong)斤(jin)。若田(tian)間(jian)地(di)力(li)偏瘦(shou),底(di)用(yong)緩釋肥(fei)可增至50公(gong)斤(jin),也可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)春季實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)促四防(fang)”時每畝(mu)(mu)補噴(pen)(pen)(pen)1公(gong)斤(jin)的(de)尿素溶液(ye)(噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)濃度控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)1%以(yi)(yi)內)。規模化采(cai)(cai)(cai)購肥(fei)料(liao)畝(mu)(mu)成(cheng)(cheng)本可以(yi)(yi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)110元(yuan)以(yi)(yi)內。(3)全程機(ji)(ji)械化生產(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)“機(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)+機(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)+機(ji)(ji)防(fang)”全程機(ji)(ji)械化生產(chan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。選(xuan)用(yong)多行(xing)(xing)多功(gong)能(neng)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)直(zhi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)機(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),滿足油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)密(mi)植(zhi)栽培(pei)的(de)需要。大力(li)推(tui)廣(guang)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)直(zhi)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu),為提高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)效(xiao)率,可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)全田(tian)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)80%角(jiao)果變黃時,利用(yong)無人(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)每畝(mu)(mu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)80~100毫(hao)升(sheng)“立收(shou)(shou)油(you)(you)”干(gan)燥劑(ji)(ji),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)5~10天(tian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)晴天(tian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)聯(lian)(lian)合收(shou)(shou)割機(ji)(ji)直(zhi)接(jie)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)。利用(yong)無人(ren)(ren)機(ji)(ji)開(kai)展植(zhi)保(bao)、化調、葉面施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)等操作。(4)病(bing)蟲草(cao)(cao)綠色(se)防(fang)控(kong)(kong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)直(zhi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)3天(tian)內用(yong)乙草(cao)(cao)胺兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)均勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧進(jin)行(xing)(xing)封閉除(chu)草(cao)(cao),噴(pen)(pen)(pen)后(hou)(hou)24小時內遇雨需重(zhong)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)。對未進(jin)行(xing)(xing)化學封閉除(chu)草(cao)(cao)或草(cao)(cao)害(hai)較重(zhong)的(de)田(tian)塊(kuai),要搶在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)4~5葉、雜草(cao)(cao)2~3葉期(qi)間(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)田(tian)專(zhuan)用(yong)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)(ji)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)。蕾苔(tai)期(qi)畝(mu)(mu)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)90毫(hao)升(sheng)“新美洲星(xing)”或菌核凈+磷(lin)酸二(er)氫鉀(jia)+速樂硼+尿素混合液(ye)促早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)、防(fang)病(bing)、防(fang)衰、防(fang)倒(dao)、防(fang)花(hua)而不(bu)(bu)實(shi)(shi)。(5)凍害(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。本技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)模式(shi)依托群體奪高(gao)(gao)產(chan),個體相(xiang)對偏弱,要注(zhu)重(zhong)防(fang)治(zhi)凍害(hai)。可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)冬至前(qian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)“碧(bi)護(hu)”增強抗凍性。冬至苗偏旺田(tian)塊(kuai),還(huan)應(ying)(ying)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)15%多效(xiao)唑可濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)100克(ke)或5%烯效(xiao)唑40克(ke)兌(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)50公(gong)斤(jin)均勻(yun)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)霧控(kong)(kong)旺,防(fang)止(zhi)早(zao)(zao)苔(tai)早(zao)(zao)花(hua)而遭受倒(dao)春寒凍害(hai)。(6)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)。油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)2/3角(jiao)果黃綠色(se),主花(hua)序(xu)中(zhong)下部(bu)角(jiao)果枇杷色(se),籽(zi)粒呈固有顏色(se)時為成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)。可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)時采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)收(shou)(shou)割或用(yong)機(ji)(ji)械收(shou)(shou)割,晾曬(shai)5-7天(tian)后(hou)(hou)再用(yong)機(ji)(ji)械撿收(shou)(shou),并(bing)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)秸稈粉(fen)碎還(huan)田(tian)工(gong)序(xu)。也可在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)7-15天(tian)后(hou)(hou),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)露(lu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)干(gan)燥后(hou)(hou)用(yong)聯(lian)(lian)合收(shou)(shou)割機(ji)(ji)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)。油(you)(you)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)后(hou)(hou)及(ji)時干(gan)燥,裝袋入庫。(7)油(you)(you)脂加工(gong)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)中(zhong)國農(nong)科院(yuan)油(you)(you)料(liao)作物(wu)研究所黃鳳洪技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)團隊的(de)高(gao)(gao)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濃香菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)籽(zi)油(you)(you)產(chan)地(di)7D綠色(se)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)加工(gong)關鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)和成(cheng)(cheng)套裝備(bei)。