一、危險化學品泄漏特點

化(hua)(hua)學危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)（危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)）泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)性十(shi)分嚴(yan)重，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)造(zao)成(cheng)爆炸、火(huo)災(zai)(zai)等事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，致使(shi)當場及附近人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)傷亡，給國家和人(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)命財(cai)產造(zao)成(cheng)嚴(yan)重損(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)，對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)造(zao)成(cheng)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)挽回(hui)的(de)(de)(de)影響。一般危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)具有(you)如(ru)下特點：危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)受泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)處(chu)開(kai)口(kou)大(da)小、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)速度、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)總量、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)途徑(jing)及氣(qi)象條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)影響而(er)導致的(de)(de)(de)波及范(fan)圍不(bu)同。但(dan)一般比其(qi)(qi)(qi)它災(zai)(zai)害(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)擴(kuo)散的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍廣(guang)、面積大(da)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)中(zhong)有(you)毒(du)(du)(du)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)迅速擴(kuo)散，使(shi)眾多的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)傷亡。如(ru)京(jing)滬高速曾(ceng)經發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)3.29事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)，最后(hou)造(zao)成(cheng)28人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)死亡，多達350人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)住(zhu)院(yuan)治療，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有(you)270人(ren)(ren)留(liu)院(yuan)觀察(cha)，緊急(ji)疏(shu)散人(ren)(ren)數多達15000余人(ren)(ren)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)，并非像普通事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)一樣，形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)性一但(dan)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)災(zai)(zai)情基本不(bu)會(hui)在(zai)(zai)（再）發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)突(tu)(tu)變(bian)，而(er)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)情況(kuang)隨時(shi)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)突(tu)(tu)變(bian)，造(zao)成(cheng)更大(da)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)與危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)，因(yin)為危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)只是(shi)一個(ge)開(kai)始，如(ru)果(guo)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)進行有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)控制與防護(hu)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)將會(hui)隨著(zhu)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)（推(tui)移）發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)突(tu)(tu)變(bian)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)隱蔽(bi)性，其(qi)(qi)(qi)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)是(shi)汽（氣(qi)）體(ti)(ti)和液體(ti)(ti)等多種形(xing)式，因(yin)為是(shi)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)大(da)部(bu)分是(shi)有(you)毒(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)短時(shi)內(nei)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命，更可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)當時(shi)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)形(xing)成(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)命危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，但(dan)在(zai)(zai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)處(chu)理后(hou)，對(dui)處(chu)理人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)或現場人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)形(xing)成(cheng)永(yong)久(jiu)性的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)傷。同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)現場處(chu)理過程中(zhong)，有(you)些操作是(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)性相當極高的(de)(de)(de)，比如(ru)說堵漏(lou)、關閥與液體(ti)(ti)稀釋都(dou)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、如何應對化學品泄漏

1、危險化學品發(fa)生(sheng)泄漏，要用濕毛巾捂住口(kou)鼻(bi)，及時撤(che)離現場，然后(hou)報警。

2、不(bu)要(yao)在事發地點(dian)周圍逗(dou)留，不(bu)開燈，不(bu)要(yao)動電器，以免產生火花導(dao)致爆炸；熄滅(mie)火種，關閥斷氣，以防發生火災或爆炸。

3、發現(xian)被遺棄的化學品，不要撿(jian)拾，應立即撥打報(bao)警電話，說清具(ju)體(ti)位置、包裝標志、大(da)致數量以及是(shi)否有氣味等情(qing)況。

4、遇到危險化學品運(yun)輸車(che)輛發(fa)生(sheng)事故(gu)(gu)，應(ying)盡(jin)快(kuai)離開事故(gu)(gu)現場(chang)，撤(che)離到上風(feng)口位(wei)置，不圍觀并立即撥打報警電(dian)話。

5、居民小區施工過程中挖掘出有異(yi)味的土壤(rang)時(shi)，應立即(ji)撤離并撥打電話報警，在(zai)異(yi)味土壤(rang)清走(zou)之前，周圍居民和單位不要(yao)開(kai)窗通風。