【充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)組(zu)成】汽(qi)車(che)充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)設備組(zu)成部分 充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)基礎知識

一、充電站結構原理

（1）充電站基本結構：

箱式電動汽車快速充電站由1、初級一次側(ce)充電(dian)機（為(wei)再生儲能蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)）；2、儲(chu)能蓄電池；3、次級二次側快(kuai)速充電機（為電動汽車充電）；4、再生蓄電(dian)池檢修機；5、計費(fei)控制系統(tong)；6、線(xian)纜配電系；7、機房組成(cheng)。

（2）充電站工作原理：

平(ping)時（夜間(jian)優先(xian)）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力通過初級一次(ci)(ci)側充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向(xiang)(xiang)再生蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時沒(mei)有(you)時間(jian)要(yao)(yao)求，因而可用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)慢速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可根據蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量自(zi)動(dong)安排充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，最大程度(du)的使用(yong)夜間(jian)低谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。當需要(yao)(yao)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的允許最大充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，通過次(ci)(ci)級二次(ci)(ci)側快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)進(jin)行(xing)快速(su)(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由(you)于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程是(shi)從儲能(neng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)向(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)“倒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，而不(bu)是(shi)直接(jie)取自(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，因而對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網沒(mei)有(you)任何(he)干擾（如(ru)果直接(jie)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高功率取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會嚴重干擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，不(bu)僅影響其他用(yong)戶(hu)，而且威脅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網設(she)備）。 充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)按實際充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量計算，非常方便。

箱內(nei)設(she)備采用模塊式設(she)計，配有再生蓄電池專用維修設(she)備。

充電站采(cai)用第一次現場(chang)拼裝(zhuang)，之(zhi)后像集裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)一樣可(ke)以根據需要進行整(zheng)體移動。

偏(pian)遠(yuan)公(gong)路和(he)用電(dian)無(wu)保障(zhang)地域(yu)可采用太陽能(neng)和(he)風能(neng)等形式(shi)，原理相(xiang)同(tong)。

輸入電壓：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 交(jiao)流220V ±10%（電壓范圍200V-240V）

輸出電流：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5A-16A(根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓自動調整）

輸出功率：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 單(dan)路(lu)180W-500W（根據電(dian)(dian)池組電(dian)(dian)壓自動調整(zheng))

充電范圍：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 鉛酸(suan)蓄電池（12V-24V-36V-48V-60V-64V-72V-84V)

騎行里程：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 與電池狀態(tai)、氣溫、騎行路(lu)況、載(zai)重等(deng)因素(su)有關！

投幣計數：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 最大投(tou)幣計數顯(xian)示9999(超出自動置(zhi)零重新計數(shu)）

輸出線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5米(mi)（含機內長度(du)）

輸出接頭：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5合(he)1（圓頭、方口(kou)、反方口(kou)、澳柯瑪、萬能口(kou)）

輸入線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8米（含機內(nei)長度）

二、充電站應用介紹

（1）公(gong)共停(ting)車場(chang)(chang)：停(ting)車場(chang)(chang)是(shi)社(she)會充電站最佳(jia)的地方之一，交通方便、出入方便。可與(yu)停(ting)車場(chang)(chang)租(zu)用一個車位，甚至是(shi)便角落位置即可，可以(yi)留有2個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)車(che)位（由于是短時充(chong)電(dian)，甚至都不(bu)用專用充(chong)電(dian)車(che)位，按(an)充(chong)電(dian)車(che)數交一定費用即可）。

（2）大型購物中心：此地放置充電站必然會受到購物中心歡迎，充電的人會順便購買商品（在哪里買都是買，正好利用充電的10-20分鐘購物），這樣，可與購物中心實現(xian)雙(shuang)贏。

（3）可停(ting)車(che)的路邊地：城市停(ting)車(che)越來(lai)越難(nan)，許多非(fei)主干(gan)道(dao)，都(dou)被(bei)允許用來(lai)臨時停(ting)車(che)，由于箱(xiang)式電動汽車(che)快速充電站(zhan)占用的地方非(fei)常小（小于20㎡），可供箱(xiang)式電動(dong)汽車快速充電站放置的位置非常多，并且根據需要進行(xing)隨時移動(dong)。

（4）高速(su)路服務區(qu)(qu)：在(zai)高速(su)路服務區(qu)(qu)設置幾座箱式(shi)電(dian)動(dong)汽車快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)站，就可連(lian)接(jie)周(zhou)邊城市。數量不(bu)多，但意義很大，它將大大增加電(dian)動(dong)汽車用(yong)戶的信心。

（5）居住小區(qu)：這是(shi)(shi)最貼近用(yong)戶的地方，雖然小區(qu)內可(ke)以設置(zhi)許多慢速(su)充電(dian)樁，但有急(ji)事(shi)需要(yao)外出是(shi)(shi)幾(ji)乎每(mei)個人都(dou)可(ke)能(neng)遇(yu)到的事(shi)情，慢速(su)充電(dian)站必(bi)須(xu)與快(kuai)速(su)充電(dian)站結合(he)起(qi)來才能(neng)發揮(hui)作用(yong)。

（6）單(dan)位(wei)、寫(xie)字(zi)樓等：一般(ban)單(dan)位(wei)與(yu)寫(xie)字(zi)樓都有停車(che)場(chang)地(di)，單(dan)位(wei)購(gou)置(zhi)充電(dian)站不(bu)僅可為本單(dan)位(wei)的電(dian)動汽車(che)服(fu)務，也可為本單(dan)位(wei)員工(gong)電(dian)動汽車(che)服(fu)務，當然也可允(yun)許(xu)社會車(che)輛(liang)快速(su)充電(dian)。

（7）特(te)殊景區，重(zhong)要國道、偏遠公路和(he)用(yong)(yong)電無保障地(di)域(yu)擔憂須充電需(xu)求的地(di)域(yu)可采用(yong)(yong)太陽能和(he)風(feng)能等(deng)能源(yuan)形式儲能充電。

（8）改裝部(bu)分應急(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)車，對因電(dian)(dian)(dian)能耗盡拋錨(mao)路邊的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車進(jin)行(xing)應急(ji)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)

三、電動汽車充電方法

電動汽車蓄電池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)反的方向通過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，使它恢(hui)復工作能力，這(zhe)個過(guo)程稱為蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式有恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種(zhong)。

電(dian)動汽車充(chong)電(dian)技術(shu)充(chong)電(dian)方(fang)法的研究：

常規充電制度是依據1940年前國際公認的(de)經(jing)驗法則(ze)設計的(de)。其中最著名的(de)就是“安培小時(shi)規則(ze)”：充電電流安培數(shu)，不應超過蓄(xu)電池待(dai)充電的(de)安時(shi)數(shu)。實際上，常規充電的(de)速度被蓄(xu)電池在充電過程中的(de)溫(wen)升和氣體的(de)產生所(suo)限制。這個現象對蓄(xu)電池充電所(suo)必(bi)須的(de)最短時(shi)間具(ju)有重要意義。

恒流充電法

恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用(yong)調整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)，保持充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)強度(du)不變的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)。控制(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)簡單，但由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)能力是隨著(zhu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行而逐漸下降(jiang)的(de)，到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)多用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水，產生(sheng)氣體，使出(chu)氣過甚，因此，常選用(yong)階段充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

階段充電法

此方(fang)法包括二階段充電法和三階段充電法

①二(er)階段(duan)法采用恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相結(jie)合(he)的快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法，首(shou)先，以恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)至(zhi)預(yu)定的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，然后(hou)，改為(wei)恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)完(wan)成剩余的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。一(yi)般兩階段(duan)之(zhi)間的轉換電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就是(shi)第二(er)階段(duan)的恒(heng)(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

②三階段(duan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和(he)結束時采(cai)用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，中間用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流衰減到預定(ding)值時，由第二階段(duan)轉換(huan)到第三階段(duan)。這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)以將出(chu)氣量減到最少，但作(zuo)為一種快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)使用(yong)，受到一定(ding)的限制。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里保持恒定(ding)的數值，隨著(zhu)(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸(jian)減少。與恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比(bi)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更(geng)接(jie)近(jin)于最佳充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較低，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大，隨著(zhu)(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流將逐(zhu)漸(jian)減少，因(yin)此，只需簡易控制系統。

這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)方法電(dian)解水很少，避免了蓄電(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)(chong)。但在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)初期(qi)電(dian)流過大，對蓄電(dian)池(chi)壽命造成很大影(ying)響，且容易使蓄電(dian)池(chi)極板彎(wan)曲(qu)，造成電(dian)池(chi)報廢。鑒(jian)于這種缺點，恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)很少使用，只(zhi)有在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源電(dian)壓低而(er)電(dian)流大時(shi)采用。例如，汽車運行過程中，蓄電(dian)池(chi)就是(shi)以恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的。

快速充電法

①脈沖式充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)不僅(jin)遵循蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)固有的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)率，而且能夠提高(gao)電(dian)動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)率，從而打破(po)了(le)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)指數充(chong)(chong)電(dian)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)曲線的限制，這(zhe)也是蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)理論的新(xin)發展。

脈沖充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式首先是(shi)用脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)停充(chong)一段時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，如此循環。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，而(er)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)期使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經化學反應(ying)產生的(de)氧氣(qi)和氫氣(qi)有(you)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)重新化合而(er)被吸(xi)收掉，使(shi)下一輪的(de)應(ying)恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)夠更加順利地(di)進(jin)行，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可以吸(xi)收更多的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)脈沖使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有(you)較充(chong)分的(de)反應(ying)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，減少(shao)了(le)析氣(qi)量(liang)，提高了(le)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率。

②2REFLEXTM快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)，這種技術是美國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)一項專利技術，它主(zhu)要(yao)面對的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)對象(xiang)是鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)池。由于它采用了新型的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)，解決了鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)記憶效應，因此，大(da)大(da)降低了蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時間。鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)和對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)(de)(de)檢測方法(fa)與鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)池有很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)不同，但它們(men)之間可以相互借REFLEXTM充電(dian)法的一個工作周期包括正向充電(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖，反向瞬(shun)間放電(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖，停充維持(chi)3個階段。

③變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法建(jian)立(li)在(zai)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的基礎上。其特點(dian)是將恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段改為限壓變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前期的各(ge)段采用(yong)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的方法，保證加大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，獲得(de)絕大(da)部分充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期采用(yong)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段，獲得(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)恢復至完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態。通過(guo)(guo)間(jian)歇(xie)停充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經化(hua)學反應(ying)產生(sheng)的氧氣和(he)氫氣有時間(jian)重(zhong)新化(hua)合而(er)被吸收掉，使(shi)下一輪的恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能夠更加順(shun)利地(di)進行，使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可以吸收更多的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。

④變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)間(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法，在變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法的基(ji)礎上又有人提出了變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)間(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。與(yu)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法不同之處在于(yu)第一(yi)階段的不是(shi)間(jian)歇恒(heng)流(liu)，而是(shi)間(jian)歇恒(heng)壓(ya)。在每個恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，由于(yu)是(shi)恒(heng)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)自然按照指數(shu)規律下(xia)(xia)降，符(fu)合電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可接(jie)受率隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的進行逐(zhu)漸下(xia)(xia)降的特點。

⑤變電壓變電流波浪式間歇正負零脈沖快速充電法，合脈沖充電法、ReflexTM快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)、變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流間歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)及變(bian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)間歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)的優點(dian)，變(bian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)流波浪式正負零(ling)脈沖(chong)間歇(xie)(xie)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)得(de)到發(fa)展應用。脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路的控制一般有兩(liang)種：

1）脈沖(chong)電流的幅值可變，而PWM（驅動充放(fang)電開關管(guan)）信號的頻(pin)率是固定的；

2）脈沖電流幅值(zhi)固定不變，PWM信號的頻率可調。

脈沖電流幅值和PWM信(xin)號的頻率均固定，PWM占空比可調，在此基礎上加(jia)入間歇停充階段(duan)，能(neng)夠在較短的時間內(nei)充進更多(duo)的電(dian)量，提高蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)接受能(neng)力。