一.產品介紹
連(lian)州(zhou)歷來(lai)是廣東省(sheng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)生產重地(di)(di),蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植享有(you)盛名,其中菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)是連(lian)州(zhou)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)“名品(pin)”,連(lian)州(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)有(you)著上(shang)千年(nian)歷史,早在(zai)公(gong)元(yuan)608年(nian)前,連(lian)州(zhou)龍口(kou)村的(de)農戶(hu)就有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)習(xi)慣(guan),從(cong)那以后從(cong)未間斷(duan),距(ju)今已有(you)1600多年(nian)歷史。上(shang)世紀(ji)70年(nian)代連(lian)州(zhou)出土(tu)的(de)晉代“牛耕犁(li)耙田模型”陶器,說明西晉時(shi)連(lian)州(zhou)的(de)耕作(zuo)技術在(zai)當時(shi)全國稻作(zuo)地(di)(di)區中處于領先地(di)(di)位。在(zai)連(lian)州(zhou)民間流傳著一(yi)(yi)個悲壯神(shen)奇的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)傳說故事(shi)----《邵廷(ting)絹(juan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)為(wei)營退宋(song)(song)兵》。傳說,大寶十三年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)970)九(jiu)月(yue),雄踞北方的(de)宋(song)(song)朝派遣潘(pan)(pan)美(mei)(mei)為(wei)帥,攻打嶺南一(yi)(yi)帶的(de)南漢王朝,南漢皇帝劉鋹(chang)(chang)請邵廷(ting)絹(juan)出山破敵。邵廷(ting)絹(juan)領命(ming),讓家(jia)鄉父老兄(xiong)弟種(zhong)(zhong)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)。白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)長出菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)后,邵廷(ting)絹(juan)作(zuo)法用菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)布(bu)陣作(zuo)營嚇退了(le)(le)(le)(le)宋(song)(song)軍。宋(song)(song)軍打了(le)(le)(le)(le)敗戰后,設(she)計讓劉鋹(chang)(chang)將邵廷(ting)絹(juan)賜死。邵廷(ting)絹(juan)一(yi)(yi)死,關(guan)前的(de)巨木柵(zha)欄和兵士(shi)們都(dou)變成菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)。宋(song)(song)軍很(hen)快(kuai)就將南漢滅(mie)掉了(le)(le)(le)(le)。 隨后,潘(pan)(pan)美(mei)(mei)命(ming)軍士(shi)將數(shu)百畝菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)全部斬掉,吃了(le)(le)(le)(le)以泄(xie)心(xin)(xin)頭之氣。誰知白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)被斬之后,第二天又(you)長出來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le),一(yi)(yi)連(lian)數(shu)次,越(yue)(yue)長越(yue)(yue)旺。潘(pan)(pan)美(mei)(mei)和宋(song)(song)兵吃了(le)(le)(le)(le)幾頓白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)后,覺(jue)得菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)甜爽可口(kou),覺(jue)得每餐都(dou)離不(bu)開菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)了(le)(le)(le)(le)。連(lian)州(zhou)的(de)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)美(mei)(mei)味從(cong)此傳播開來(lai),種(zhong)(zhong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)又(you)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)。
二(er).自然(ran)生(sheng)態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素(su)
(1)土壤地(di)(di)貌情況:地(di)(di)處五嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)中之萌(meng)渚嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)南(nan)(nan)麓,境內崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻(jun)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),主(zhu)要是丘(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di),丘(qiu)陵崗(gang)巒(luan)星羅棋(qi)布。主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈有(you)綿延豐陽、瑤(yao)安一帶(dai)的簸箕山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,主(zhu)峰(feng)天堂嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),海拔1712米,為(wei)(wei)本市最高峰(feng),位于瑤(yao)安與湖南(nan)(nan)省蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣交界(jie)(jie)處;橫跨東(dong)(dong)(dong)部潭嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)、朝(chao)天、西江一帶(dai)之大東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,主(zhu)峰(feng)巖(yan)坑山(shan)(shan)(shan),海拔1604米,為(wei)(wei)本市次高峰(feng),位于朝(chao)天與陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)交界(jie)(jie)處;其余山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)多在1000米以(yi)下。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占全(quan)市總面積(ji)的72.2%,丘(qiu)陵占15.9%。本市地(di)(di)形,因東(dong)(dong)(dong)面有(you)大東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,由東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西南(nan)(nan);西部有(you)大龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,由西北(bei)向(xiang)西南(nan)(nan);北(bei)部有(you)簸箕山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈,形成西、北(bei)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)三面山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),中部稍低,均為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵地(di)(di)帶(dai)。星子、大路邊、朝(chao)天、麻步等鄉鎮(zhen)大部分地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)盆地(di)(di);清水、豐陽南(nan)(nan)部、東(dong)(dong)(dong)陂北(bei)部為(wei)(wei)丘(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di);西岸(an)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)陂兩鄉鎮(zhen)河流兩岸(an)為(wei)(wei)河谷盆地(di)(di);保安、附城及九陂等鄉鎮(zhen)部分地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)連州丘(qiu)陵盆地(di)(di)。
(2)水文(wen)情況:主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)有星子河(he),發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)大東山脈,它是珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)域北江(jiang)(jiang)水系(xi)的(de)主要(yao)支流(liu),發(fa)源(yuan)地近處建有一個(ge)大型的(de)潭嶺水庫(ku)。保安河(he)、東陂(po)河(he)發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)北部的(de)簸箕山脈,還有連(lian)南瑤族自(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)的(de)三江(jiang)(jiang)河(he),流(liu)經本市附城鎮大墩村附近匯(hui)入連(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)東省連(lian)州市位于廣(guang)東省西(xi)北部(bu),地(di)處五(wu)嶺(ling)中(zhong)之(zhi)萌(meng)渚(zhu)嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)麓,主要是丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di),北江(jiang)(jiang)支(zhi)流(liu)連(lian)江(jiang)(jiang)上游。東北與湖南(nan)(nan)省宜(yi)章縣(xian)相接,東南(nan)(nan)與陽(yang)山縣(xian)交(jiao)界(jie),西(xi)南(nan)(nan)和(he)連(lian)南(nan)(nan)縣(xian)為鄰,西(xi)北與湖南(nan)(nan)藍山縣(xian)、江(jiang)(jiang)化縣(xian)接壤,北面同湖南(nan)(nan)省臨武(wu)縣(xian)相連(lian)。地(di)域保護區位于在東經112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北緯在24°37′~25°12′之(zhi)間(jian),保護區域包(bao)括連(lian)州市的大路邊、星(xing)子、龍坪、西(xi)江(jiang)(jiang)、九陂、連(lian)州、西(xi)岸、東陂、豐陽(yang)、保安、瑤安、三水等(deng)12個鄉(xiang)鎮。生產面積12萬(wan)畝(mu),產量可達17萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在(zai)感官特征:連州(zhou)菜心(xin)須根(gen)(gen)多,根(gen)(gen)系(xi)淺;植株(zhu)直立或半(ban)立,莖(jing)短(duan)縮;一般株(zhu)體高50-70cm,直徑2-3cm,可食用部(bu)分25-30cm,重200g;基葉(xie)開展(zhan)或斜立,葉(xie)片(pian)較一般菜葉(xie)細小,呈卵(luan)形(xing)或橢圓形(xing),綠色(se)或黃綠色(se),葉(xie)緣波狀,基部(bu)有(you)裂(lie)片(pian)或無,或葉(xie)翼延(yan)伸;葉(xie)脈(mo)明(ming)顯,具狹長(chang)葉(xie)柄(bing)。花(hua)薹(tai)綠色(se),薹(tai)葉(xie)呈卵(luan)形(xing)以至披針形(xing);短(duan)柄(bing)或無柄(bing)。花(hua)薹(tai)為主要食用部(bu)分,品質柔嫩,風味別致。菜心(xin)多數只采主薹(tai),側(ce)薹(tai)萌發少。
(2)內(nei)在品(pin)質指標(biao):連州菜心營(ying)養價值很高(gao),其中鋅含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋白質含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水分含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和灰分含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具有補(bu)氣養腎(shen)、健(jian)脾胃之功效,既是(shi)制作飲食(shi)點心、佳肴的上乘原料,又是(shi)滋補(bu)身體(ti)的營(ying)養佳品(pin)。
(3)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)要(yao)求(qiu):連州菜心生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)過程以《食品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)》、《農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)》等法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規為導向,做好收獲前的農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)測(ce)工(gong)作(zuo),農(nong)藥、肥料等投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)必須(xu)嚴格按(an)照無公(gong)害(hai)、綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要(yao)求(qiu)執(zhi)行,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量必須(xu)符合(he)綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)要(yao)求(qiu)。
五.特(te)定生產方式
(1)產地(di)選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)擇產地(di)附(fu)近(jin)要求無工業污(wu)染(ran),區內及周圍無污(wu)染(ran)水源,無固體廢棄(qi)物等污(wu)染(ran),地(di)勢(shi)平坦(tan)、排灌方(fang)便,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)層深厚、有機(ji)質豐富、疏(shu)松肥沃、結構和理化性狀良好(hao)的土(tu)(tu)地(di),保水保肥力(li)強的以(yi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、粘(zhan)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)及沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)為好(hao),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值6.0—7.0為宜。種植(zhi)環境必須符合《無公害(hai)蔬(shu)菜產地(di)環境要求》(NY 5010-2002)的要求。
(2)品種選(xuan)擇(ze):根據連州菜心的(de)風味(wei)特(te)點,品質特(te)征(zheng)主(zhu)要決定于當地獨特(te)的(de)自然(ran)生態(tai)環境(jing)和人工選(xuan)育,總體(ti)質量選(xuan)擇(ze)飽滿、無蟲(chong)口、色澤好的(de)種子(zi)。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:屬亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候區,光熱資(zi)源豐富,四季分(fen)明,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),雨(yu)量充沛,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)19.5℃,歷(li)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日照時數為1713.7小(xiao)時,多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量為1572.8毫米(mi)。平均(jun)(jun)有(you)霜日數13.7天,無霜期(qi)為301.9天,最長(chang)336天,最短268天,80%保證率(lv)的無霜期(qi)達275天;域內(nei)山地比平原氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)低、水(shui)熱時空分(fen)布不(bu)均(jun)(jun),形成明顯的山區立體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,風力小(xiao)、日夜(ye)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差大,年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)日較差9.8℃,光、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)、水(shui)條件能較好地滿足農(nong)作物(wu)生長(chang)的需(xu)要,作物(wu)生長(chang)季節長(chang),具有(you)發(fa)展農(nong)業(ye)生產的有(you)利(li)條件。
(4)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)管理(li):連州菜心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)必須嚴(yan)格按(an)(an)照(zhao)《連州菜心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)》操作。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程(cheng)中需要(yao)肥料、農藥等投入品(pin)要(yao)求(qiu)來源可靠的(de)(de)(de)。 病蟲害的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)按(an)(an)照(zhao)“預防(fang)為主(zhu),綜合防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)植保方針,堅持以“農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為主(zhu),化學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為輔”的(de)(de)(de)無害化治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)原則(ze)。 嚴(yan)格執行國(guo)家有關規(gui)(gui)定,禁止使用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高度(du)、高殘(can)留農藥。農藥使用(yong)(yong)(yong)應符合GB 4285和GB/T 8321的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定。農藥交替使用(yong)(yong)(yong),嚴(yan)格按(an)(an)照(zhao)農藥安全間(jian)隔期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥。 產品(pin)收獲(huo)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定:在(zai)農藥安全間(jian)隔期(qi)后適時采收,采收所用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)具要(yao)清潔、衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、無污染(ran)。 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)要(yao)求(qiu):如實記(ji)錄(lu)農業投入品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)日期(qi)、收獲(huo)日期(qi)、質量檢測情況、銷售(shou)情況、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)等。建(jian)立生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產管理(li)檔案,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規定
產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上標(biao)有“連州菜心”、“榮獲(huo)廣(guang)東省無(wu)公害農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證”和(he)(he)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標(biao)識字(zi)樣和(he)(he)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)案(an),必須字(zi)跡清晰,容易辨認(ren),連州菜心的生產(chan)(chan)經營者使用此包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)必須向連州市農作物技術推廣(guang)站提出申(shen)請(qing),申(shen)請(qing)通過(guo)后方可采用連州菜心農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標(biao)識字(zi)樣和(he)(he)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)案(an),并按照(zhao)要求(qiu)規范生產(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)使用標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。