野(ye)生軟棗獼(mi)猴桃(tao)生于陰坡的(de)針、闊混交林中(zhong)土壤肥沃內,有的(de)生于陽坡水分(fen)充(chong)足的(de)地方。喜涼爽(shuang)、濕(shi)潤的(de)氣候,或山溝溪流旁,多(duo)攀援在闊葉樹上(shang),枝(zhi)蔓多(duo)集中(zhong)分(fen)布(bu)于樹冠上(shang)部,岫巖滿族自(zi)治縣各(ge)山區現存(cun)的(de)大量野(ye)生軟棗獼(mi)猴桃(tao)都分(fen)布(bu)這種獨(du)特(te)的(de)自(zi)然環境之中(zhong)。
2.1、獨特的(de)(de)自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條(tiao)件,是岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)繁衍的(de)(de)最佳(jia)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族自治縣(xian)位于長(chang)(chang)(chang)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈余(yu)脈,境(jing)(jing)內峰巒起伏(fu),擁有(you)(you)(you)“八山(shan)(shan)(shan)半水一(yi)分(fen)(fen)田,半分(fen)(fen)道(dao)路(lu)和(he)(he)村莊”的(de)(de)自然(ran)地貌。低山(shan)(shan)(shan)面積(ji)占全縣(xian)總面積(ji)的(de)(de)78%以上(shang)。岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)地區(qu)在種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)軟棗(zao)(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)選(xuan)擇(ze)在坡(po)度小于25°的(de)(de)北坡(po)、西北坡(po),根據其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)習性,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)棚架(jia)或(huo)(huo)T字型架(jia)式栽(zai)培(pei)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),使其(qi)枝(zhi)蔓延(yan)架(jia)勢充(chong)分(fen)(fen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),模擬其(qi)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)環(huan)境(jing)(jing),在種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)過程中岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟棗(zao)(zao)獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)表現不適性,原有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)優良品種(zhong)得到延(yan)續(xu)。岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族自治縣(xian)林(lin)木蓄積(ji)量近(jin)500萬(wan)立方米,森林(lin)覆(fu)蓋率達71.3%。森林(lin)多為(wei)天(tian)然(ran)次(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)和(he)(he)人(ren)工林(lin),樹(shu)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)35科80屬170多種(zhong),珍貴樹(shu)種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)紫椴、核桃(tao)(tao)楸(qiu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)槐、水曲柳、刺(ci)楸(qiu)、黃菠蘿等(deng)6種(zhong),林(lin)間分(fen)(fen)布山(shan)(shan)(shan)貨野果(guo)(guo)80多種(zhong),野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)60余(yu)種(zhong),野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)材為(wei)人(ren)們(men)認(ren)識和(he)(he)采(cai)集的(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)76種(zhong),山(shan)(shan)(shan)楂、核桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)葡萄、獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)花(hua)椒等(deng)野果(guo)(guo)樹(shu)遍及全縣(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺。種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)優良,野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資源豐(feng)富,據1989年(nian)(nian)岫(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)縣(xian)志(zhi)記載道(dao):“獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)樹(shu)在縣(xian)內各地山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)均有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)布,皆為(wei)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),全縣(xian)大約有(you)(you)(you)13.6萬(wan)株,年(nian)(nian)產獼(mi)猴桃(tao)(tao)22.6萬(wan)公(gong)斤。1983年(nian)(nian)至1984年(nian)(nian),縣(xian)內開(kai)始用(yong)(yong)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)扦(qian)插繁殖進(jin)行試種(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)。”
2.2、獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差,為岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)證岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)位于(yu)(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)帶季(ji)(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou),北(bei)(bei)部(bu)由千山(shan)山(shan)脈(長(chang)白(bai)山(shan)山(shan)脈余脈)向(xiang)西南和(he)(he)(he)東南方向(xiang)延伸,形成(cheng)了(le)(le)環抱岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)、西、東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)然屏障,高(gao)(gao)山(shan)阻礙了(le)(le)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)(ji)寒冷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來(lai),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)無霜期達156天(tian),延長(chang)了(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)周期。最冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一月份平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-9.9℃,極(ji)端低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-15.5℃,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)相(xiang)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)同(tong)緯度地區暖(nuan)和(he)(he)(he),降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)了(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)在(zai)種植(zhi)(zhi)過程中受凍害和(he)(he)(he)倒春寒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang);年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃,最熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七、八月氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)達28.1℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)(jun)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2500~3000℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)日照(zhao)時數為2302.7小時,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)(he)光(guang)照(zhao)充足,全年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)均(jun)(jun)在(zai)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度條件(jian)下進(jin)(jin)行,受高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)危害影(ying)響(xiang)小,軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)枝繁葉茂,有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)行光(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong),增(zeng)加岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)累(lei)。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)最大(da)晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差達19℃,平均(jun)(jun)晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)差13℃,岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)天(tian)光(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong),消(xiao)(xiao)耗二(er)氧化碳和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui),合(he)(he)成(cheng)葡萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang),夜晚低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)葡萄(tao)(tao)糖(tang)轉化成(cheng)多(duo)糖(tang)和(he)(he)(he)其他營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen),且低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)抑(yi)制岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼吸作用(yong)(yong),減少了(le)(le)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養消(xiao)(xiao)耗,貯藏更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)。 3.2.3、獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源、有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)壤,豐富了(le)(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源豐富,500余條溪(xi)流迂回(hui)在(zai)縱(zong)橫交(jiao)錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝谷(gu)間,匯成(cheng)13條支流,全長(chang)882公里,水(shui)(shui)(shui)域面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)幾乎全覆蓋岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)近20億(yi)立方米(mi),為岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)提(ti)供(gong)基礎。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)是國家二(er)級(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源保(bao)護地。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)清澈見底,水(shui)(shui)(shui)中含(han)(han)有(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素,補充岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養元(yuan)素。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)775.8mm~933.8mm,冬(dong)、春降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.7%,豐沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)保(bao)障了(le)(le)早(zao)春軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)活動所(suo)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen);夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)雨(yu)(yu)熱同(tong)期,降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)豐富,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)(fen)(fen)之二(er),滿(man)足軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)對水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快(kuai)速生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang);秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)爽、少雨(yu)(yu),有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化和(he)(he)(he)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)累(lei)。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)滿(man)族(zu)(zu)自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)壤以(yi)棕壤土(tu)和(he)(he)(he)草甸土(tu)為主,土(tu)壤有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達21.9g/kg,全氮含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32mg/kg,有(you)(you)效磷(lin)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為31.7mg/kg,有(you)(you)效鉀(jia)(jia)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為133mg/kg,屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)等供(gong)鉀(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平,軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)喜鉀(jia)(jia)植(zhi)(zhi)物,土(tu)壤中大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉀(jia)(jia)離子供(gong)給,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)明顯(xian)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)寒、抗(kang)旱(han)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力,增(zeng)強植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)逆性(xing);有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)代謝、葉綠素含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)葉肉細(xi)胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透性(xing),促(cu)進(jin)(jin)葉片光(guang)合(he)(he)作用(yong)(yong),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)果實(shi)營(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)養積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)累(lei),顯(xian)著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)可(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)固形物和(he)(he)(he)VC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),檢測結果表明:岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)獼(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)VC含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達166mg/kg;鉀(jia)(jia)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)促(cu)進(jin)(jin)果實(shi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淀粉向(xiang)糖(tang)轉化、促(cu)進(jin)(jin)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)果實(shi)含(han)(han)糖(tang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。
岫(xiu)巖(yan)滿(man)族(zu)自治(zhi)縣隸(li)屬于遼(liao)寧省鞍(an)山市(shi)(shi),遼(liao)東(dong)半島北部,北緯(wei)40°0′~40°39′,東(dong)經(jing)(jing)122°52′~123°41′。東(dong)及(ji)東(dong)南(nan)與鳳(feng)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、東(dong)港市(shi)(shi)毗連,西(xi)與大(da)(da)石橋市(shi)(shi)、蓋州市(shi)(shi)為(wei)鄰,南(nan)與莊河市(shi)(shi)相接,北及(ji)西(xi)北與遼(liao)陽縣、海(hai)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)接壤(rang)。轄新(xin)甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清涼(liang)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藥(yao)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石廟(miao)(miao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蘇子(zi)(zi)(zi)溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、偏(pian)嶺(ling)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)(da)營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍潭(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、前營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈達碑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石灰(hui)窯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃花甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牧牛鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)(da)房身(shen)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三家子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楊(yang)家堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋(yang)河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺(ling)溝鄉、哨子(zi)(zi)(zi)河鄉、紅旗營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鄉、大(da)(da)寧街(jie)道辦事處(chu)、仙(xian)人咀辦事處(chu)、雅(ya)河工業經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)、興隆經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)、阜昌經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)區(qu)26個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、辦事處(chu)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)區(qu),197個行(xing)政村,總面積為(wei)53.45萬(wan)畝(mu)。東(dong)至大(da)(da)營(ying)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)陶家隈子(zi)(zi)(zi)村,西(xi)至石灰(hui)窯鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)坎子(zi)(zi)(zi)村,北至石廟(miao)(miao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)石棉村,南(nan)至洋(yang)河鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)馬家堡村。岫(xiu)巖(yan)軟棗獼猴桃生產面積5000余畝(mu),產量40萬(wan)公斤。
4.1外觀(guan)感官特征:岫巖(yan)軟棗獼猴桃形狀(zhuang)不一,有圓(yuan)的、橢(tuo)圓(yuan)的、長圓(yuan)柱(zhu)的、扁圓(yuan)形的果(guo)實(shi),果(guo)實(shi)整齊(qi),外觀(guan)招人喜(xi)愛(ai);平(ping)均果(guo)重17.85g,最大單果(guo)重43g。果(guo)皮顏色(se)通(tong)體碧綠(lv),有的綠(lv)中帶有紅暈(yun);果(guo)皮極為光滑、無毛(mao)、無棱角;果(guo)肉細(xi)膩、翠綠(lv)色(se)、皮薄(bo)汁多、酸(suan)甜適口,風味濃郁(yu) 。果(guo)實(shi)進入成熟期9—10月份。
4.2內在品(pin)質(zhi):軟棗(zao)獼猴桃被稱為(wei)水果(guo)(guo)中的(de)“VC之(zhi)王”。岫(xiu)巖(yan)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃果(guo)(guo)實營養豐富(fu)、品(pin)質(zhi)優良、風味(wei)獨特、清(qing)新爽口(kou)。果(guo)(guo)肉含(han)(han)(han)有多(duo)種氨(an)基酸(suan)、維生素(su)、脂肪、膳(shan)(shan)食(shi)纖維、蛋白、鉀、鐵、鎂、鈣(gai)多(duo)種微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)。其(qi)中維生素(su)C含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)150—200mg/100g,,膳(shan)(shan)食(shi)纖維含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)3.5-4.5g/100g,總酸(suan)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)12—15g/Kg,可溶性固(gu)形物9.5%-15%,鐵含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)4-4.5mg/Kg,16種氨(an)基酸(suan)總量(liang)(liang)1.1-1.85g/100g。
4.3產品質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)符合國家(jia)相關法律(lv)法規和(he)國家(jia)農產品質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)規定。
3.1土壤(rang)管理
3.1.1園地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。園地(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)土層深厚,腐(fu)殖質(zhi)、有(you)機質(zhi)含量高,地(di)(di)下水(shui)位高于(yu)2m,疏松易滲水(shui)且透氣性好(hao)的微酸性或(huo)中性的土壤;氣候溫(wen)和、光照充(chong)足(zu)、雨量充(chong)沛、生長季降(jiang)水(shui)均(jun)勻、灌溉(gai)水(shui)充(chong)足(zu),無旱(han)、晚霜害或(huo)凍(dong)害的地(di)(di)區;地(di)(di)勢平坦,最(zui)宜為小于(yu)25°的坡(po)(po)地(di)(di),種植(zhi)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)背陽坡(po)(po)向的北坡(po)(po)、東北坡(po)(po)、西(xi)北坡(po)(po)。
3.1.2土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)。軟棗獼(mi)猴桃在(zai)(zai)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產過程中(zhong)需要消耗土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)等(deng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)自(zi)我補充能力差,需要人為(wei)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力和(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)補充。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應(ying)以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),結合(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),減少化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)次數,防止土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板結和(he)(he)鹽漬化,保(bao)持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)(chi)續性(xing)。苗(miao)木(mu)定植(zhi)(zhi)前在(zai)(zai)定植(zhi)(zhi)坑底(di)部施(shi)用有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),有(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)對全園撒(sa)施(shi)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一次,在(zai)(zai)用機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng),每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)用1.5t。以(yi)(yi)后每(mei)年(nian)在(zai)(zai)秋季(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一次,時間(jian)在(zai)(zai)采收后至落葉(xie)前,宜早(zao)不(bu)宜晚,采用環狀(zhuang)或者(zhe)條(tiao)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。環狀(zhuang)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是在(zai)(zai)根系外圍挖(wa)3個長(chang)0.5m,寬0.2m,深(shen)(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環狀(zhuang)溝,位置一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)樹冠(guan)投影的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)方,以(yi)(yi)不(bu)傷根須為(wei)原則,以(yi)(yi)后施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝逐漸向外移動(dong);條(tiao)狀(zhuang)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)樹冠(guan)投影下(xia)一側挖(wa)寬0.4m,深(shen)(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)不(bu)傷根系為(wei)原則,第二年(nian)選(xuan)擇另外一側進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)挖(wa)坑,當(dang)根系布滿全園時,將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)撒(sa)施(shi)在(zai)(zai)地面(mian),用機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng)一次,深(shen)(shen)度(du)15cm—20cm,以(yi)(yi)不(bu)傷根系為(wei)原則,小樹每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)300kg,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入結果(guo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,盛果(guo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)700kg。生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)供肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不(bu)足時,可(ke)(ke)(ke)結合(he)滴(di)灌設施(shi),將可(ke)(ke)(ke)溶性(xing)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)隨水(shui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)沖施(shi)。園區實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)制(zhi)度(du)。在(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)物(wu),如(ru)草(cao)木(mu)樨(兩年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本)、檉麻(一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本)、田菁(一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本)等(deng),春季(ji)將行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)旋(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng)一遍即(ji)可(ke)(ke)(ke)播種(zhong),夏季(ji)盛花期(qi)至謝花期(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)刈割一次,一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)秋季(ji)用旋(xuan)(xuan)耕(geng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)翻(fan)壓在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)里,多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)秋季(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)刈割一次。綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)過程能使土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)難溶性(xing)養分(fen)(fen)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)轉化,以(yi)(yi)利于作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收利用,綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幼嫩莖葉(xie),含(han)有(you)(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen)(fen),一旦在(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)腐(fu)解,能大量(liang)(liang)地增加土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂(mei)和(he)(he)各種(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元素,增強土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)腐(fu)殖(zhi)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)(liang),促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)中(zhong)各種(zhong)微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動(dong)。種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)防風(feng)、固土(tu)(tu)(tu)、保(bao)持(chi)(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)(liang)、抑制(zhi)雜(za)草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
3.2苗(miao)木種(zhong)植(zhi) 3.2.1架(jia)(jia)勢選(xuan)擇(ze)。軟棗(zao)獼猴(hou)桃為藤蔓植(zhi)物(wu),一般(ban)選(xuan)擇(ze)棚架(jia)(jia)和T型架(jia)(jia),架(jia)(jia)面高(gao)(gao)度(du)一般(ban)為2m,橫向(xiang)寬度(du)為5m,縱向(xiang)寬度(du)根(gen)據行間距(ju)(ju)決(jue)定。軟棗(zao)獼猴(hou)桃采用高(gao)(gao)畦(qi)的栽(zai)(zai)培方式,棚架(jia)(jia)畦(qi)面寬2.5m,高(gao)(gao)0.1m,畦(qi)間距(ju)(ju)2.5m,種(zhong)植(zhi)株行距(ju)(ju)為2m×5m,畝栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)木66株,T型架(jia)(jia)畦(qi)面寬2m,高(gao)(gao)0.1m,畦(qi)間距(ju)(ju)2m,種(zhong)植(zhi)株行距(ju)(ju)為2m×4m,畝栽(zai)(zai)苗(miao)木80株。
3.2.2品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇。軟棗獼猴桃具有(you)采(cai)收期(qi)短(duan)(duan)、貯藏時間短(duan)(duan)的特(te)點,在早、中(zhong)、晚熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)的搭配上要合(he)理(li),一般早熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占(zhan)20%,中(zhong)熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占(zhan)30%,晚熟(shu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)占(zhan)50%。軟棗獼猴桃為雌雄(xiong)異株(zhu)植物,在種(zhong)植前合(he)理(li)搭配雌雄(xiong)比例,一般雌雄(xiong)比例在8:1,開花期(qi)有(you)蜜蜂進行授粉,可適當減少雄(xiong)株(zhu)的比例。
3.2.3苗木(mu)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)。軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)可春(chun)栽(zai)也可秋(qiu)栽(zai),春(chun)栽(zai)應在地(di)面(mian)化凍50cm后進行,秋(qiu)栽(zai)應在土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤上凍前進行。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)時,挖寬(kuan)1m、深(shen)60cm的定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)溝,熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和生土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分開堆(dui)放。先在溝底(di)放入1.5t/畝(mu)有機肥,再把按(an)1:3比例混合后的地(di)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與草炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)覆蓋在有機肥上面(mian),先回(hui)填(tian)熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),后回(hui)填(tian)生土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),用(yong)空間(jian)熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)做高30㎝、寬(kuan)2m的畦(qi)。然(ran)后挖長、寬(kuan)、各40㎝,深(shen)20㎝的定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)穴。最(zui)后把幼苗(帶土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)坨為佳)按(an)雌(ci)雄(xiong)比例8:1植(zhi)(zhi)入定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)坑,培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓實。定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)度以苗木(mu)的根頸部略(lve)低于畦(qi)面(mian)1cm,回(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤表面(mian)應略(lve)低于畦(qi)面(mian)。培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)后應及時澆透封窩水(shui),待封窩水(shui)完全(quan)滲下后,封土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋草保濕,防止水(shui)分蒸發。
3.2.4整形修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)。軟棗獼猴桃采(cai)用單(dan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)雙主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)整形,定植(zhi)后(hou)第(di)一(yi)年,選擇(ze)一(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)向(xiang)上(shang)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)健(jian)壯新(xin)梢(shao)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan),其(qi)它新(xin)梢(shao)全(quan)部(bu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)高(gao)1.8m,當新(xin)梢(shao)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)架(jia)(jia)面時(shi)(shi),在(zai)架(jia)(jia)面下10cm~15cm處將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)短(duan)截(jie),促進(jin)側(ce)(ce)(ce)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)發(fa),選擇(ze)2個(ge)(ge)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)作(zuo)為(wei)永久性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man),其(qi)它側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)全(quan)部(bu)抹去(qu)(qu),當生長(chang)(chang)(chang)到50cm時(shi)(shi),交叉將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)引向(xiang)東西(xi)或南(nan)北兩(liang)端,綁縛在(zai)棚架(jia)(jia)線上(shang),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)40~50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(蔓(man)(man)(man)(man))左右(you)分開(kai),成魚刺狀分布,翌年在(zai)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)30cm左右(you),交錯排列,均勻選留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)。第(di)三年夏季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),植(zhi)株(zhu)抹芽(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)間在(zai)萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期進(jin)行(xing),即五月上(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun),抹除(chu)(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗(bo),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)40—50cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao),側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)30cm留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)強(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya),細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)處可留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)頁強(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)全(quan)部(bu)抹去(qu)(qu),當新(xin)梢(shao)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)20cm以上(shang)能夠辨識出花序時(shi)(shi),對(dui)(dui)過密(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)育枝(zhi)、細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)和(he)病蟲枝(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)。直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)(li)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)有(you)空(kong)間留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3個(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)重剪(jian)(jian),沒有(you)空(kong)間之(zhi)處直(zhi)(zhi)接疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)。開(kai)花前(qian)后(hou)對(dui)(dui)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi),在(zai)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4片葉(xie)進(jin)行(xing)摘心(xin),生長(chang)(chang)(chang)較弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)不摘心(xin),生長(chang)(chang)(chang)發(fa)育的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)生長(chang)(chang)(chang)至(zhi)50cm—60cm時(shi)(shi),進(jin)行(xing)摘心(xin),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)摘心(xin)處萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副梢(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)其(qi)余全(quan)部(bu)抹除(chu)(chu),副梢(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2—3片葉(xie)反復(fu)摘心(xin)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)期對(dui)(dui)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)過多(duo)、過密(mi)(mi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)實小、品質差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi),要疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)(guo)、過密(mi)(mi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)落葉(xie)后(hou)至(zhi)出現傷流前(qian)兩(liang)周(即11月中(zhong)旬(xun)到立(li)(li)春前(qian))進(jin)行(xing)冬(dong)季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),成熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)顏(yan)色為(wei)褐色,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)粗度以0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)宜,留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1.7—1.8m剪(jian)(jian)截(jie);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)粗度以0.8cm—1.0cm為(wei)宜,每(mei)(mei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m;側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)成熟(shu),每(mei)(mei)年剪(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)0.8m—1.2m;結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)粗度達(da)到0.6cm以上(shang),枝(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)完(wan)全(quan)成熟(shu)剪(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)50cm左右(you),每(mei)(mei)平方米保留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)4—5個(ge)(ge),短(duan)枝(zhi)如不過密(mi)(mi),應盡量保留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),強(qiang)勢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)輕剪(jian)(jian)多(duo)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya),細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)要重剪(jian)(jian)少留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya);對(dui)(dui)于(yu)有(you)空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、粗壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、芽(ya)(ya)眼飽滿(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi),在(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)前(qian)3—4個(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)眼前(qian)剪(jian)(jian)去(qu)(qu),無(wu)空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)坐(zuo)(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)處剪(jian)(jian)去(qu)(qu);對(dui)(dui)于(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)基部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)從基部(bu)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu),其(qi)余有(you)空(kong)間擴(kuo)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3—4個(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)重剪(jian)(jian),無(wu)空(kong)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)。
3.2.5枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。軟棗獼猴桃結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位容易上升(sheng)或外移,需(xu)要及時(shi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)有生長充(chong)實健(jian)壯的(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或發育(yu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可將(jiang)(jiang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回縮到(dao)健(jian)壯部(bu)(bu)(bu)位。若結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生長過弱或其上分(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過高,冬季修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)時(shi),應將(jiang)(jiang)其從基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)潛伏芽剪(jian)(jian)掉(diao),促(cu)使潛伏芽萌發,選(xuan)擇一(yi)個健(jian)壯的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢作為明年結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通(tong)常每年全(quan)樹1/3左右的(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。對已結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)一(yi)般2~3年更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)次;多年生枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)分(fen)局部(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)和(he)全(quan)株(zhu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。局部(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就(jiu)是把部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)衰老和(he)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)能力(li)下(xia)降的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)剪(jian)(jian)掉(diao),促(cu)使發出的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man),這種更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)對產量影響不大(da)。全(quan)株(zhu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就(jiu)是當全(quan)株(zhu)失去結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)能力(li)時(shi),將(jiang)(jiang)老蔓(man)一(yi)次性從基(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)剪(jian)(jian)掉(diao),利(li)用新(xin)(xin)(xin)發出的(de)明蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)(xin)(xin)整形。疏(shu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)時(shi)要注意(yi)剪(jian)(jian)鋸(ju)口一(yi)定(ding)要盡(jin)量較(jiao)短,不留枯死橛,促(cu)進(jin)較(jiao)大(da)傷口盡(jin)快愈(yu)合,否則(ze)傷口愈(yu)合不良(liang)會(hui)引起樹干腐爛。
3.3水(shui)分(fen)管理。植株生長階段(duan)當(dang)土(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)地(di)低于50%時,應及時進(jin)行灌水(shui)。萌芽前(qian)應澆(jiao)(jiao)透(tou)水(shui)一次,滿足(zu)生長的(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao),開花(hua)期控(kong)制澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)的(de)次數和用(yong)量(liang)(liang),開花(hua)后應及時灌水(shui),果實膨(peng)大期植株需(xu)(xu)水(shui)較(jiao)多(duo),持續晴天(tian)環境下,應每周澆(jiao)(jiao)灌水(shui)一次,果實成熟前(qian)15天(tian)停(ting)止澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui),軟棗(zao)獼猴桃休眠期間,在土(tu)壤(rang)上凍前(qian)(岫巖地(di)區11月中(zhong)旬)澆(jiao)(jiao)一邊透(tou)水(shui)。雨季土(tu)壤(rang)含(han)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)大于80%時,應進(jin)行排水(shui)。
3.4肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料管理。軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃在(zai)不同生(sheng)長發育(yu)階段對肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的需求不同,一年(nian)中(zhong)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)包括萌(meng)芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、花后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)及基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),落葉后至(zhi)土壤上凍前使用(yong),宜(yi)早(zao)不宜(yi)晚(wan),萌(meng)芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以速效性(xing)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)少量,氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)(wei)2:1:1,岫(xiu)巖地(di)(di)區(qu)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)4月中(zhong)下旬;花后肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),少施(shi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),促進(jin)軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃的生(sheng)殖生(sheng)長,氮(dan)磷(lin)鉀(jia)比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:2:2,岫(xiu)巖地(di)(di)區(qu)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)6月中(zhong)下旬;果(guo)(guo)實膨大(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),提升(sheng)果(guo)(guo)實品(pin)質,磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:2。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方式(shi)可隨水進(jin)行施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),也可采用(yong)葉面噴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。
3.5病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)的(de)(de)原則(ze)是預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為主,治(zhi)療為輔,物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、化學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、生物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、機械防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)綜合利用。就目前(qian)(qian)岫巖地(di)區(qu)種植(zhi)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃發(fa)(fa)現(xian),種植(zhi)過程中(zhong)僅(jin)出現(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)2種(紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛛、美(mei)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)蛾(e))病(bing)害(hai)(hai)1種(莖基腐病(bing))以(yi)及自然凍害(hai)(hai)。紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛛一(yi)(yi)般發(fa)(fa)生在軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃剛發(fa)(fa)芽期間,岫巖地(di)區(qu)出現(xian)在4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬,防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)方法(fa)在越冬卵(luan)孵化前(qian)(qian)刮樹(shu)皮并(bing)集中(zhong)燒毀,刮皮后在樹(shu)干(gan)(gan)涂白(bai)(bai)(石灰水)殺死大部分越冬卵(luan),早春(chun)進行翻(fan)地(di),清除(chu)地(di)面雜草(cao),保持越冬卵(luan)孵化期間田間沒有雜草(cao),在紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛛上(shang)樹(shu)前(qian)(qian),用無(wu)毒不干(gan)(gan)粘蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)膠在樹(shu)干(gan)(gan)中(zhong)涂一(yi)(yi)閉(bi)合粘膠環,環寬(kuan)約1厘米,2個月(yue)左右再涂一(yi)(yi)次(ci),可(ke)有效防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)紅(hong)蜘(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蛛;春(chun)季季候變(bian)化較大,突(tu)然的(de)(de)大幅度(du)(du)降(jiang)溫容易(yi)引起(qi)軟棗(zao)獼(mi)猴桃的(de)(de)凍害(hai)(hai),預(yu)防(fang)(fang)方法(fa)為收聽(ting)天氣預(yu)報,做好預(yu)防(fang)(fang)工作,出現(xian)大幅度(du)(du)降(jiang)溫可(ke)通過園區(qu)澆水或者生煙的(de)(de)方式預(yu)防(fang)(fang);美(mei)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)蛾(e)岫巖地(di)區(qu)出現(xian)在6月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬7月(yue)上(shang)旬,發(fa)(fa)現(xian)美(mei)國(guo)白(bai)(bai)蛾(e)少量可(ke)進行人工捕(bu)捉(zhuo),成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)具(ju)有趨光(guang)性(xing),懸掛殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈(deng)誘殺成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);根(gen)據老(lao)熟(shu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)化蛹的(de)(de)特性(xing),于老(lao)熟(shu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)前(qian)(qian),在樹(shu)干(gan)(gan)1.5m高處,用谷草(cao)、稻草(cao)等圍成上(shang)緊下(xia)(xia)松的(de)(de)草(cao)把,誘集老(lao)熟(shu)幼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)集中(zhong)化蛹,發(fa)(fa)生危害(hai)(hai)大時,每隔(ge)一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)換一(yi)(yi)次(ci)草(cao)把,解下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)草(cao)把集中(zhong)燒毀。
5.1協(xie)議:符(fu)合要求的標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人與證書持有人簽訂使(shi)(shi)用協(xie)議。明確標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用范圍、使(shi)(shi)用對象(xiang)、使(shi)(shi)用方(fang)法等,協(xie)議生效后,按照地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)管理(li)有關規定操作。
5.2包(bao)裝:銷售的岫(xiu)巖軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃按照《中華人民共和國(guo)農(nong)產品質量安全法(fa)》和《農(nong)產品地(di)理標(biao)志管理辦法(fa)》的相關規定進行(xing)包(bao)裝。
5.3標志(zhi)的(de)使(shi)用:岫巖軟棗(zao)獼猴桃(tao)地(di)域范(fan)圍內的(de)生產(chan)經營者(zhe),如需在產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包裝上(shang)使(shi)用農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi),須向(xiang)登記(ji)證書(shu)持有(you)人提出(chu)申請,并按(an)照(zhao)相關規范(fan)生產(chan)和(he)標志(zhi)使(shi)用,統一采用產(chan)品(pin)名稱和(he)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)公(gong)共(gong)標識相結合的(de)標識標注方法。