芒果视频下载

基本介紹

膠澳總督府(fu)位于市南(nan)區沂水路11號，1904年5月(yue)(yue)開工(gong)，1906年4月(yue)(yue)竣工(gong)。由(you)德(de)國(guo)設計師(shi)拉(la)查(cha)魯維茨設計，建筑(zhu)師(shi)為德(de)國(guo)人馬爾克，由(you)德(de)國(guo)漢堡阿爾托納(na)區F·H·施密特公司(si)施工(gong)。面對小青(qing)島(dao)和(he)青(qing)島(dao)灣，處于當時青(qing)島(dao)市中心處，是(shi)當時德(de)國(guo)膠澳總督辦公的地(di)方，又(you)稱“總督府(fu)”。這座(zuo)由(you)花崗巖(yan)砌成的“總督府(fu)”，始建于1903年，1906年竣工(gong)。是(shi)一座(zuo)磚石(shi)和(he)鋼木混(hun)合結構(gou)的建筑(zhu)，建筑(zhu)面積7500平方米，耗資85萬德(de)國(guo)馬克。

建筑特色

建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)用(yong)19世紀歐洲公(gong)(gong)共(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)，主(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三縱五段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)稱(cheng)處(chu)理(li)，中(zhong)軸(zhou)線非(fei)常突出，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)呈(cheng)“凹(ao)”字型。東西長(chang)80米(mi)(mi),南北長(chang)約40米(mi)(mi)。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設半(ban)地(di)(di)下(xia)室(shi)。位于(yu)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扁圓大(da)(da)(da)圓券(quan)門(men)廊(lang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)入口,由寬(kuan)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)39級石階和兩邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行車坡道直通, 建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou),由中(zhong)部大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti)聯(lian)通,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)(gao)4米(mi)(mi)。半(ban)地(di)(di)下(xia)室(shi)、四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)閣樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)獨立輔(fu)助(zhu)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅能由兩側次(ci)段樓(lou)(lou)梯(ti)與各層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯(lian)系。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)古典主(zhu)(zhu)義立面(mian)(mian)劃分,底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基座(zuo),用(yong)粗大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘑菇石砌(qi)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),敦實厚重(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)上為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)達兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花崗石矩形壁柱和變形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛奧尼克柱頭,柱間做(zuo)石砌(qi)拱(gong)檐,拱(gong)上部為(wei)(wei)(wei)石砌(qi)墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)(mian), 墻(qiang)(qiang)上開(kai)小窄窗。南主(zhu)(zhu)立面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱間作(zuo)拱(gong)形明(ming)柱廊(lang)。配以(yi)折線型屋(wu)(wu)頂(ding)，覆以(yi)筒(tong)式紅瓦，開(kai)啟有(you)弧狀屋(wu)(wu)面(mian)(mian)窗，頂(ding)側裝有(you)鐵欄桿，既用(yong)于(yu)裝飾(shi)，又做(zuo)避雷針，十分精巧。 總督(du)府(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)房，主(zhu)(zhu)體高(gao)(gao)20米(mi)(mi)，1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)窗戶較小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)性房間，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)都(dou)在2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)，走廊(lang)均在背陰(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)。辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)寬(kuan)敞明(ming)亮(liang)，門(men)窗很大(da)(da)(da)，辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)室(shi)外(wai)還有(you)長(chang)廊(lang)式陽(yang)臺，室(shi)內(nei)除裝有(you)柚木(mu)(mu)護墻(qiang)(qiang)板(ban)和地(di)(di)板(ban)外(wai)，別無其它裝飾(shi)，使人感(gan)到(dao)莊重(zhong)(zhong)樸實。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)形非(fei)常莊重(zhong)(zhong)，處(chu)理(li)手(shou)法也非(fei)常嚴謹。大(da)(da)(da)樓(lou)(lou)外(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一拱(gong)圈形大(da)(da)(da)門(men)，進門(men)則是(shi)2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)廳(ting)和3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會議廳(ting)及(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)大(da)(da)(da)廳(ting)都(dou)很高(gao)(gao)大(da)(da)(da)。總督(du)府(fu)(fu)(fu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)窗等木(mu)(mu)作(zuo)皆用(yong)柚木(mu)(mu)做(zuo)成,耐變形。外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)轉角(jiao)處(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)向外(wai)斜(xie)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石砌(qi)勒腳,以(yi)加強穩定(ding)感(gan)。屋(wu)(wu)蓋配以(yi)高(gao)(gao)聳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙莎式層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂(ding),掛紅筒(tong)瓦。整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氣勢(shi)宏大(da)(da)(da),莊嚴而生動。該建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)位于(yu)樓(lou)(lou)前廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)軸(zhou)線上,廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)(chang)前方通過(guo)疊落后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島路(lu)及(ji)中(zhong)心(xin)花壇直對(dui)海(hai)面(mian)(mian),更加突出行政建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莊重(zhong)(zhong)格局。解(jie)放前該樓(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆政府(fu)(fu)(fu)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)。解(jie)放后為(wei)(wei)(wei)青(qing)島市人民政府(fu)(fu)(fu)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)公(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)。由于(yu)它背山(shan)面(mian)(mian)海(hai)，樓(lou)(lou)前廣(guang)(guang)場(chang)(chang)空間開(kai)闊，更顯得蔚為(wei)(wei)(wei)壯(zhuang)觀，在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)方位多不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青(qing)島市區內(nei)，它是(shi)少見的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一座(zuo)近(jin)似正南正北的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物。

建設沿革

1914年(nian)第一次世界大(da)戰爆發，日本取(qu)代(dai)德國侵占青島，總督府(fu)成為日軍駐青島守備司令部(bu)。1922年(nian)，中國政(zheng)府(fu)從日本人手中收回青島，此樓(lou)成為膠澳商埠督辦(ban)公署(shu)(shu)，1929年(nian)4月，總督府(fu)又為青島接收專員公署(shu)(shu)，同年(nian)7月成為青島特別市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)的所(suo)在地(di)。

1938年(nian)，日本(ben)第二(er)次(ci)侵(qin)占青島(dao)，總督(du)(du)府又成為(wei)日偽最高統治機(ji)關所在地，先后(hou)稱為(wei)“青島(dao)特別市公署(shu)”，“青島(dao)特別市政府”。1945年(nian)日本(ben)投降后(hou)，國民黨(dang)政府接收青島(dao)，總督(du)(du)府再(zai)次(ci)作為(wei)青島(dao)市政府所在地。

1949年6月2日，青島(dao)(dao)解放。這座辦公大(da)樓先(xian)后(hou)為青島(dao)(dao)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府、青島(dao)(dao)市(shi)人(ren)(ren)民委(wei)員會所在地(di)。現為市(shi)人(ren)(ren)大(da)常委(wei)會和市(shi)政(zheng)協的(de)辦公場所。1996年，被國務院公布為全國重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)單位。