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基本介紹

孔子湖濕地公園即尼山水庫區，位于山東南部濟寧地區曲阜市尼山鎮，是曲阜市重要的飲用水水源地。公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)分為庫塘濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)、季節性河流濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)和沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)3個(ge)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)型，其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)面(mian)積1093.8公(gong)(gong)頃，占總面(mian)積72.7%。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)(gong)園自然景觀獨(du)特，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系統結構完整(zheng)，是眾多(duo)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)棲(qi)息地(di)及繁(fan)衍(yan)地(di)。公(gong)(gong)園內(nei)擁有(you)高等植物(wu)(wu)343種(zhong)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類共528種(zhong)，其(qi)中哺乳動(dong)物(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)；兩棲(qi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)；爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)；野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)鳥(niao)類76種(zhong)；昆蟲140種(zhong)；水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)353種(zhong)。公(gong)(gong)園的(de)(de)建設將(jiang)為野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)創造(zao)良好的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)存環境，為眾多(duo)的(de)(de)珍稀瀕危候(hou)鳥(niao)提供天然的(de)(de)棲(qi)息地(di)和繁(fan)衍(yan)地(di)。

按照功能性與主題性相結合的原則將園區劃分為生態保育區、恢復重建區、宣教展示區、合理利用區和管理服務區五個功能區。生態保育區面積771.8公頃，占全園總面積的51.3%；恢復重建區面積527公頃，占全園面積的35%；宣教展示區面積34公頃，占全園總面積的2.3%；合理利用區面積162.2公頃，占全園面積的10.8%；管理服務區10.2公頃，占全園面積的0.6%。

孔(kong)子(zi)湖(hu)國(guo)家濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)規劃總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)為1505.2公(gong)頃，其(qi)(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)1093.8公(gong)頃，占總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)72.7%，主要由庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)、沼澤濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)型組(zu)成。自2013年1月(yue)被(bei)批準試點(dian)以來，濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)、修(xiu)復(fu)、管理和建設(she)等(deng)方面(mian)成效顯著。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)曲(qu)阜市利用(yong)春(chun)季綠(lv)化(hua)、雨季造(zao)林、小(xiao)淵(yuan)基(ji)金(jin)項目等(deng)，對園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)山(shan)體進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)綠(lv)化(hua)，面(mian)積(ji)達(da)2000多畝，投入資(zi)金(jin)3000萬元；二是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)被(bei)修(xiu)復(fu)、棲息地(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)恢復(fu)工(gong)程。在(zai)(zai)夫子(zi)洞(dong)河、田黃河、張(zhang)馬河3條流(liu)(liu)(liu)入湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)河流(liu)(liu)(liu)及濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)恢復(fu)重建區(qu)(qu)，通過(guo)建生(sheng)物(wu)島、生(sheng)物(wu)塘(tang)、退耕(geng)還湖(hu)、栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)蘆葦等(deng)進(jin)行濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)修(xiu)復(fu)1000畝；栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)漿果植(zhi)物(wu)、蜜源(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)等(deng)近200畝，為鳥類提供(gong)(gong)食物(wu)，為園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)動(dong)物(wu)提供(gong)(gong)棲息地(di)(di)(di)；三是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)東(dong)官村(cun)西南和西官村(cun)古建筑前進(jin)行濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)景(jing)點(dian)景(jing)觀(guan)重點(dian)打(da)造(zao)。工(gong)程建設(she)內(nei)容有(you)親水(shui)木(mu)棧道、觀(guan)鳥(觀(guan)景(jing))亭、連塘(tang)水(shui)系(塘(tang))、宣教(jiao)牌展(zhan)(zhan)設(she)、游步道、綠(lv)化(hua)植(zhi)物(wu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)等(deng)；四是(shi)(shi)安裝了(le)(le)(le)(le)水(shui)質監(jian)測等(deng)監(jian)測設(she)備，與曲(qu)師大合(he)作(zuo)建立了(le)(le)(le)(le)科(ke)研基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)；五是(shi)(shi)投入資(zi)金(jin)1000萬元，對環(huan)(huan)湖(hu)路進(jin)行拓寬、修(xiu)補、綠(lv)化(hua)、亮化(hua)等(deng)，建設(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)科(ke)普(pu)宣教(jiao)中心，布設(she)了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)牌示系統、解(jie)說系統等(deng)；六是(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)及其(qi)(qi)湖(hu)泊流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)服務(wu)行業(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)整治(zhi)工(gong)程，實現每年產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)餐廚垃圾得到(dao)分類資(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)、無害化(hua)處置(zhi)；七是(shi)(shi)實施(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)村(cun)莊連片環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜(zong)合(he)整治(zhi)工(gong)程，用(yong)“沉(chen)淀塘(tang)+氧(yang)化(hua)塘(tang)+兩級表流(liu)(liu)(liu)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)+穩定(ding)塘(tang)”工(gong)藝，實現水(shui)質凈化(hua)目的(de)(de)；八是(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)聯合(he)行動(dong)，對湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)養魚網箱、公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)邊(bian)的(de)(de)采砂(sha)點(dian)進(jin)行了(le)(le)(le)(le)集中清(qing)理，關閉(bi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)批湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)范圍(wei)內(nei)不能夠達(da)標排放(fang)的(de)(de)小(xiao)企業(ye)、小(xiao)作(zuo)坊(fang)，保(bao)障了(le)(le)(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)質和生(sheng)態的(de)(de)安全(quan)；九是(shi)(shi)實施(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)日(ri)常巡護(hu)和土壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)，減少農藥使用(yong)，降低(di)面(mian)源(yuan)污(wu)染。