海(hai)(hai)(hai)南珊(shan)瑚,向來都是(shi)最受游客喜愛(ai)的海(hai)(hai)(hai)南特(te)色藝術品之一(yi)。小編也跟很多人一(yi)樣,之前(qian)一(yi)直以為珊(shan)瑚是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)植物,但是(shi)實(shi)際(ji)上珊(shan)瑚既非植物亦非礦物,而是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生物——珊(shan)瑚蟲(chong)的遺骸集結而成的化石。珊(shan)瑚蟲(chong)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)生活于熱帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)域里的腔腸動物,在(zai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)中天然長成。
珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)構成(cheng)除珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)蟲(chong)外,還(huan)有(you)(you)各種(zhong)造礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu),如(ru)(ru)各種(zhong)大型貝(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、蛛(zhu)螺、珍珠貝(bei)、鐘螺、寶貝(bei)等(deng)(deng)。珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)蟲(chong)體本身為(wei)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)食料,所以(yi)珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)均(jun)為(wei)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)集中地區(qu)(qu),而且(qie)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu),動物(wu)殘(can)體也(ye)是(shi)不少(shao)貝(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)食料和(he)藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)肥料,所以(yi)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)盤上(shang)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長,如(ru)(ru)馬尾藻、沙菜(cai)、網球(qiu)藻、喇叭藻、蠣(li)菜(cai)等(deng)(deng)。這些(xie)藻類(lei)(lei)(lei)又可成(cheng)為(wei)其它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)食料,珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)形成(cheng)獨特的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態體系(xi),是(shi)一個(ge)繁榮的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)群落,具(ju)有(you)(you)旺盛的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力,其凈生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產力比河口(kou)區(qu)(qu)還(huan)要(yao)大,一般可達(da)4000克/平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)·年。許多(duo)(duo)(duo)海產品如(ru)(ru)海參、石斑魚(yu)(yu)、龍(long)蝦、江(jiang)現、鮑魚(yu)(yu)等(deng)(deng)都產自珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu),還(huan)有(you)(you)不少(shao)珍貴貝(bei)類(lei)(lei)(lei)、熱帶(dai)觀(guan)賞魚(yu)(yu)也(ye)都出自珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)區(qu)(qu)。珊(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)還(huan)是(shi)海洋(yang)中物(wu)種(zhong)最多(duo)(duo)(duo)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong),對全球(qiu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣性(xing)保(bao)護具(ju)有(you)(you)特別重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)意義。它還(huan)是(shi)麒麟(lin)菜(cai)、海參、龍(long)蝦、蝴蝶魚(yu)(yu)、鸚(ying)嘴魚(yu)(yu)和(he)雀鯛類(lei)(lei)(lei)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)棲居(ju)地,是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)漁業(ye)資源(yuan)地。
海南珊瑚是(shi)用產于熱帶海洋(yang)的海中(zhong)奇葩、人(ren)稱“海石花”的海底奇特生物珊瑚制成(cheng)。它奇形怪狀、美妙絕倫,色澤艷麗。白者(zhe)勝雪、紅者(zhe)如血、綠似翡翠、黃色類金。經過(guo)工匠們的挑選加工,再配上(shang)貝(bei)殼海柳和精致(zhi)的底盤(pan),便成(cheng)為雅俗共(gong)賞(shang)的盆景(jing)藝術(shu)品。
海(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)珊瑚一直是受游客(ke)(ke)喜愛的(de)海(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)特色藝術品之一,以往來(lai)海(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)的(de)觀(guan)光客(ke)(ke),費(fei)盡辛(xin)苦也要(yao)帶回去幾盆。但這種愛美之心形(xing)成的(de)市場需(xu)求(qiu)卻客(ke)(ke)觀(guan)上起到了很(hen)大(da)的(de)負面作用,促使一些人對(dui)珍希的(de)珊瑚資源(yuan)大(da)挖(wa)特掘,使這種上百(bai)年(nian)甚(shen)至幾世紀才能(neng)生成一株的(de)“美麗之花”銳減。為了避(bi)免美麗在南(nan)(nan)海(hai)(hai)消(xiao)逝(shi),當(dang)前海(hai)(hai)南(nan)(nan)省政(zheng)府已經對(dui)珊瑚啟動應急保護(hu)措施(shi),限制對(dui)珊瑚的(de)采挖(wa)與運輸(shu)。
珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)是其主(zhu)(zhu)要海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)類(lei)型,沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸(an)斷續分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu),以(yi)南部及(ji)西(xi)部、東(dong)部沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)發育(yu)(yu)較好,以(yi)裙礁(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)最(zui)廣。根據《中國(guo)自然資(zi)源叢書(shu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)南卷》介紹,海(hai)(hai)(hai)南省(sheng)珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo),共計110種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)5個亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其中有1個新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),分(fen)(fen)別屬于11科、34屬和(he)2亞(ya)屬。主(zhu)(zhu)要種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有濱珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)、蜂巢珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)、角(jiao)狀蜂巢珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)、扁(bian)腦珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)等巨(ju)大珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)塊體,還有成片(pian)生(sheng)長的(de)鹿角(jiao)狀珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)、牡丹珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)、陀螺珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)、杯形珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)等。全省(sheng)現有珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)面積占全國(guo)珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)總面積的(de)98%以(yi)上,以(yi)西(xi)沙(sha)、中沙(sha)和(he)南沙(sha)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域中分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)最(zui)多(duo)。西(xi)沙(sha)珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)態系(xi)統(tong)發育(yu)(yu)完好,擁有驚人的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)多(duo)樣性和(he)極高的(de)初級生(sheng)產力,活珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)覆(fu)蓋度極高,平均可達70-90%。海(hai)(hai)(hai)南獨特的(de)地理(li)區位和(he)自然條件(jian),形成了全國(guo)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)最(zui)廣、品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)全、發育(yu)(yu)最(zui)好的(de)珊(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)瑚(hu)(hu)(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)。
買(mai)賣紅珊(shan)瑚(hu)價格在(zai)2000元罰(fa)款一(yi)萬元到五(wu)萬元。根據(ju)查詢相關信息顯示(shi)《海南(nan)省珊(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)保護(hu)規(gui)定》第十(shi)五(wu)條明文(wen)規(gui)定:違(wei)反(fan)規(gui)定加(jia)工、運輸、銷售、購買(mai)珊(shan)瑚(hu)礁(jiao)(jiao)及其制品的(de),由工商行(xing)政管理部(bu)(bu)門或海洋主管部(bu)(bu)門沒收違(wei)法物品和違(wei)法所(suo)得,數量(liang)不足五(wu)十(shi)公斤的(de),處(chu)以(yi)一(yi)千元以(yi)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)萬元以(yi)下罰(fa)款。超過五(wu)十(shi)公斤的(de),處(chu)以(yi)一(yi)萬元以(yi)上(shang)(shang)五(wu)萬元以(yi)下罰(fa)款。
【法律依據】《中華人(ren)民共和(he)國野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法》第二十七條 禁止出(chu)售、購買、利用(yong)(yong)國家(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及其(qi)制品。因(yin)科學研究、人(ren)工繁育(yu)、公眾展(zhan)示展(zhan)演、文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)或者其(qi)他特殊情況,需要(yao)出(chu)售、購買、利用(yong)(yong)國家(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及其(qi)制品的(de)(de),應當經省、自治區、直(zhi)轄市(shi)人(ren)民政府(fu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門批準,并(bing)按(an)照(zhao)規(gui)定取得和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)識(shi),保(bao)證可追溯(su),但國務院對批準機關另有規(gui)定的(de)(de)除外(wai)。實行國家(jia)(jia)重點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)及其(qi)制品專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)標(biao)識(shi)的(de)(de)范圍和(he)管(guan)理辦法,由國務院野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)主(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)部(bu)門規(gui)定。
珊(shan)瑚骨骼或飾品可以(yi)帶(dai)上飛機,活(huo)體珊(shan)瑚由于要在海水里,所(suo)以(yi)只能托運不(bu)(bu)能隨身攜帶(dai)。另外從動(dong)物保護角度(du)來說,如果你(ni)打算帶(dai)走的(de)珊(shan)瑚是野生的(de)而(er)不(bu)(bu)是養殖的(de),那么不(bu)(bu)論(lun)其價值如何,每件珊(shan)瑚總體積不(bu)(bu)超過5000立方(fang)厘米,而(er)且不(bu)(bu)能夾(jia)帶(dai)泥土。