一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面
電(dian)動(dong)客車相比傳統(tong)的燃油客車,沒有那么多的維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)保(bao)養要(yao)求(qiu),不過為了避免故障頻(pin)發,延長使用壽命,還是有必要(yao)對其(qi)進行維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)的,電(dian)動(dong)客車的維(wei)(wei)(wei)護(hu)保(bao)養主要(yao)分(fen)為三個方面(mian):
1、常規性維護:包(bao)括日常的檢查維護、一級維護和(he)二級維護。
2、季(ji)(ji)節(jie)性維(wei)護:每個季(ji)(ji)度換(huan)季(ji)(ji)時應進行的清潔、維(wei)護。
3、磨(mo)合期維(wei)護:新(xin)車或大修后的初駛路段需要(yao)進行磨(mo)合期維(wei)護,包括清潔(jie)、檢(jian)查(cha)、緊固、調整、潤滑(hua)和補給等(deng)。
二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車
1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護
(1)電動客車蓄電池的檢查
檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)外殼有(you)無(wu)(wu)裂(lie)紋或破損(sun);檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)電(dian)動客(ke)車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)安裝狀態,是否(fou)被腐蝕(shi)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)連換導線有(you)無(wu)(wu)破損(sun);檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)接(jie)線柱(zhu)是否(fou)生銹、腐蝕(shi),連接(jie)導線有(you)無(wu)(wu)破損(sun);檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)表面(mian)是否(fou)臟(zang)污,通(tong)氣(qi)孔是否(fou)暢通(tong)等;檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)液(ye)面(mian)高(gao)度是否(fou)在(zai)(zai)LEVEL線附近,或是否(fou)為(wei)15mm,當液(ye)面(mian)高(gao)度過低時,應添加(jia)蒸餾水(shui),不(bu)允許加(jia)自(zi)來(lai)水(shui)或電(dian)解液(ye);檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓,單格(ge)電(dian)壓應在(zai)(zai)2v以(yi)(yi)上;檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)解液(ye)的(de)密度,在(zai)(zai)20℃時應為(wei)1.280;清(qing)洗蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi),保持蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)清(qing)潔可以(yi)(yi)防止蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)過多的(de)自(zi)行放電(dian)。
(2)電動客車蓄電池的維護
在(zai)拆下(或(huo)安(an)裝)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)連線時,為防止蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路,必須先拆下(或(huo)裝上(shang))地線;蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的上(shang)部和有關連接導線應(ying)保持清潔和干燥;在(zai)搬運(yun)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時千萬(wan)注意不(bu)要(yao)摔壞蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi);檢(jian)修(xiu)車(che)輛時不(bu)允許把(ba)金屬工具放(fang)在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang);安(an)裝蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時,千萬(wan)注意不(bu)要(yao)接錯(cuo)極性(xing),否則會燒(shao)壞有關連接導線和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei);蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的連接線與(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接線柱應(ying)接觸(chu)可靠;如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)動客車(che)較長(chang)時間不(bu)用,應(ying)把(ba)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)從車(che)上(shang)拆下并放(fang)在(zai)陰(yin)涼通風(feng)的地方。
2、電動客車的電機定期保養
(1)從(cong)車上卸下電(dian)機待(dai)查。
(2)用(yong)250MΩ兆歐表測量電(dian)機冷態絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻(zu)(zu),其阻(zu)(zu)值應大于0. 5MΩ。
(3)用手(shou)轉動軸(zhou)頭查電樞是否轉動靈活,應無(wu)卡擦(ca)現象。
(4)打開防護罩(zhao)觀察每個電(dian)刷(shua)的磨損程度。4個電(dian)刷(shua)中只要(yao)有(you)一個電(dian)刷(shua)的高度小(xiao)于12mm時,即(ji)需(xu)更換全部電(dian)刷(shua)。
(5)觀察(cha)換(huan)向器(qi)的(de)表(biao)面,正常的(de)表(biao)面應該是光(guang)滑的(de)且呈紫黑色(se),如表(biao)面粗糙,高低(di)不平(ping),即認為(wei)該換(huan)向器(qi)表(biao)面需(xu)重新(xin)車光(guang)。
(6)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)正常(chang)(chang)情(qing)況下(xia),用萬用表(biao)的(de)(de)通斷(duan)檔測量(liang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)樞(shu)線圈(quan)(quan)(A1、 A2)或勵磁線圈(quan)(quan)(S1、S2或F1、F2)時,萬用表(biao)應顯示是(shi)導通的(de)(de),且阻值顯示接(jie)近0(常(chang)(chang)溫下(xia),一般(ban)只(zhi)有零點幾歐)。若測量(liang)到(dao)的(de)(de)阻值大于1Ω,或根本(ben)不導通則可(ke)(ke)以判斷(duan)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)有故(gu)障(zhang)。故(gu)障(zhang)原因可(ke)(ke)能是(shi):電(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)故(gu)障(zhang);電(dian)機(ji)(ji)碳刷磨(mo)損嚴重或接(jie)觸不良;換向器污染(ran)嚴重或電(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)不開路