一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面
電動(dong)(dong)客車相比傳(chuan)統的(de)燃油客車,沒有(you)那(nei)么多的(de)維護(hu)(hu)保養要求,不過為了避免故障頻發,延長使用壽命,還是有(you)必要對其進行維護(hu)(hu)的(de),電動(dong)(dong)客車的(de)維護(hu)(hu)保養主要分為三(san)個(ge)方面:
1、常(chang)規性(xing)維護(hu)(hu):包括日(ri)常(chang)的檢查維護(hu)(hu)、一級(ji)維護(hu)(hu)和二級(ji)維護(hu)(hu)。
2、季(ji)節性維(wei)護:每個(ge)季(ji)度換(huan)季(ji)時應進(jin)行的清潔、維(wei)護。
3、磨合期維護:新車或大(da)修后的初駛路段需要進行磨合期維護,包括清潔、檢查、緊固、調整、潤滑和補給等。
二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車
1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護
(1)電動客車蓄電池的檢查
檢(jian)查(cha)外殼有無裂紋或破損;檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動客車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安裝狀態(tai),是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)被腐(fu)蝕以及連(lian)換導(dao)線有無破損;檢(jian)查(cha)接(jie)線柱是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)生銹、腐(fu)蝕,連(lian)接(jie)導(dao)線有無破損;檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)表面是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)臟(zang)污,通氣孔是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)暢(chang)通等;檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)面高度是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)在(zai)LEVEL線附近,或是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)為(wei)15mm,當液(ye)(ye)面高度過(guo)低時,應(ying)(ying)添加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui),不允許加自來水(shui)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye);檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應(ying)(ying)在(zai)2v以上;檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)密度,在(zai)20℃時應(ying)(ying)為(wei)1.280;清洗蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),保持蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)清潔可以防止(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)多的(de)(de)自行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
(2)電動客車蓄電池的維護
在(zai)(zai)拆下(xia)(或安裝)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)連線(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),為(wei)防(fang)止蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路,必(bi)須先(xian)拆下(xia)(或裝上(shang))地線(xian)(xian);蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的上(shang)部和(he)有關(guan)連接(jie)導線(xian)(xian)應保持(chi)清潔和(he)干燥;在(zai)(zai)搬(ban)運蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)千(qian)萬注意(yi)不要(yao)摔(shuai)壞蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi);檢修車輛時(shi)(shi)不允許把(ba)金屬工具放(fang)在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang);安裝蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi),千(qian)萬注意(yi)不要(yao)接(jie)錯(cuo)極(ji)性,否則會燒壞有關(guan)連接(jie)導線(xian)(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣設備;蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的連接(jie)線(xian)(xian)與蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱應接(jie)觸可靠;如果電(dian)(dian)動(dong)客(ke)車較長時(shi)(shi)間不用,應把(ba)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)從(cong)車上(shang)拆下(xia)并(bing)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)陰(yin)涼通(tong)風(feng)的地方(fang)。
2、電動客車的電機定期保養
(1)從(cong)車上卸下電機待查。
(2)用(yong)250MΩ兆歐表測(ce)量(liang)電機(ji)冷(leng)態(tai)絕緣電阻,其阻值(zhi)應大(da)于0. 5MΩ。
(3)用手轉(zhuan)動軸(zhou)頭查電樞是否轉(zhuan)動靈活,應無卡擦現象。
(4)打(da)開(kai)防(fang)護罩觀察每個(ge)電刷(shua)的(de)磨損程度。4個(ge)電刷(shua)中只(zhi)要有一個(ge)電刷(shua)的(de)高度小于12mm時,即需更換全部電刷(shua)。
(5)觀察(cha)換(huan)向器的(de)表面(mian)(mian),正常的(de)表面(mian)(mian)應該是光滑(hua)的(de)且(qie)呈紫黑色,如表面(mian)(mian)粗(cu)糙,高低(di)不平,即(ji)認為該換(huan)向器表面(mian)(mian)需重新車光。
(6)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)正常(chang)情況下(xia),用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)的(de)通(tong)(tong)斷檔測量電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)樞線圈(quan)(A1、 A2)或(huo)(huo)(huo)勵(li)磁線圈(quan)(S1、S2或(huo)(huo)(huo)F1、F2)時,萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)應(ying)顯示是導通(tong)(tong)的(de),且阻(zu)值(zhi)顯示接近(jin)0(常(chang)溫下(xia),一般只(zhi)有零點(dian)幾(ji)歐)。若測量到的(de)阻(zu)值(zhi)大于(yu)1Ω,或(huo)(huo)(huo)根本(ben)不(bu)導通(tong)(tong)則可(ke)以判斷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有故障。故障原因可(ke)能是:電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)故障;電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)碳(tan)刷磨(mo)損(sun)嚴重(zhong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)接觸不(bu)良;換向器污染嚴重(zhong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈(quan)不(bu)開路(lu)