一、什么是燃料電池客車

燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)客(ke)車的(de)一種，不過它(ta)不是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)，而(er)是(shi)使用氫氧混合(he)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通(tong)過補充燃(ran)料來(lai)提供動(dong)力(li)，簡(jian)單來(lai)說，燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車是(shi)一種用車載(zai)燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)裝置產(chan)生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)作為動(dong)力(li)的(de)客(ke)車，屬于新(xin)能(neng)源客(ke)車。

二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么

燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)客車(che)可以(yi)在五(wu)分鐘內給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)灌滿燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)，而不用等(deng)上幾個小時充電(dian)(dian)，因此和普通(tong)的電(dian)(dian)動客車(che)相比更方便，那(nei)么燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)客車(che)是(shi)怎么工作的呢？

燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池(chi)客車的(de)原(yuan)理是(shi)：作(zuo)為燃料(liao)(liao)的(de)氫在客車搭載(zai)的(de)燃料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池(chi)中，與大(da)氣中的(de)氧(yang)氣發生氧(yang)化還原(yuan)化學反應，產生出電(dian)能來帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo)，由電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)客車中的(de)機(ji)械傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結構，進(jin)而帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)前橋（或(huo)后橋）等行走(zou)機(ji)械結構工(gong)作(zuo)，從而驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)客車前進(jin)。

簡(jian)單來說(shuo)，就是燃料電池反應發(fa)電，產(chan)生電能(neng)驅動新(xin)能(neng)源客車，而且這(zhe)種反應只會產(chan)生極少的二氧化(hua)碳和氮氧化(hua)物，副(fu)產(chan)品(pin)主要產(chan)生水，相當綠色環保(bao)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

三、燃料電池客車有幾種

燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)客(ke)(ke)車按(an)照驅動(dong)(dong)形式可分為純燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)驅動(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車和混合驅動(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車，混合驅動(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車又可按(an)輔(fu)助動(dong)(dong)力(li)源分為燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)+蓄電(dian)池(chi)，燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)+超(chao)級電(dian)容，燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)+蓄電(dian)池(chi)+超(chao)級電(dian)容等多(duo)種：

1、純燃料電池客車

這種新能源客車以燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)單一動力(li)源，經DCDC帶動電(dian)機驅動整車行駛，結構簡單，但是燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)功率要(yao)求(qiu)大，成本昂貴，由于燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)唯一動力(li)源，所以對燃料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)的性能和可靠性要(yao)求(qiu)高，不能進行制(zhi)動能量回收。

2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車

燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)均為整(zheng)(zheng)車動(dong)力源，燃料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)驅動(dong)整(zheng)(zheng)車行駛，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也可驅動(dong)整(zheng)(zheng)車行駛，進行制(zhi)動(dong)能(neng)量回收(shou)，并用(yong)于空(kong)壓機等部件工作，電(dian)(dian)堆加熱(re)，氣體(ti)加濕。此(ci)構型降低了燃料(liao)的(de)功率要求、成本(ben)，并可實現(xian)制(zhi)動(dong)能(neng)量回收(shou)，但是(shi)增加了系(xi)統復雜性和蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)維護(hu)成本(ben)。

3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃(ran)料電池和超級電容均為(wei)整車(che)動力(li)源，燃(ran)料電池經(jing)DCDC帶動電機驅動整車(che)行駛，與蓄電池相比，超級電容壽命長、效率高(gao)、成本低，但由于其容量小，制動能量回收能量有(you)限。

4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃料電(dian)池(chi)、超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)均為整(zheng)車(che)動(dong)力源，燃料電(dian)池(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)機驅動(dong)整(zheng)車(che)行駛，與以(yi)上(shang)構型相比，超(chao)級(ji)電(dian)容可提供加速或(huo)吸(xi)收緊(jin)急制(zhi)動(dong)的尖峰(feng)電(dian)流，減輕(qing)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的負擔，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的壽命，但復雜程度高(gao)、控(kong)制(zhi)復雜。