一、什么是燃料電池客車
燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)客(ke)(ke)車是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)動客(ke)(ke)車的一種,不過它不是(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)的,而(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)使用氫氧混合燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),通過補充(chong)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)來提供動力,簡單來說(shuo),燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)客(ke)(ke)車是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種用車載燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)裝置(zhi)產生的電(dian)力作為動力的客(ke)(ke)車,屬于(yu)新能源客(ke)(ke)車。
二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么
燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車可以(yi)在五分鐘(zhong)內給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)灌(guan)滿燃(ran)(ran)料(liao),而不用等上幾個小時(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian),因此和普通(tong)的電(dian)(dian)動客(ke)車相(xiang)比(bi)更(geng)方便(bian),那么燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車是怎么工作的呢?
燃料(liao)電池客(ke)車(che)的原理是:作(zuo)為燃料(liao)的氫(qing)在客(ke)車(che)搭載的燃料(liao)電池中(zhong)(zhong),與大氣中(zhong)(zhong)的氧氣發生氧化(hua)還(huan)原化(hua)學(xue)反應,產生出電能(neng)來帶(dai)動電動機(ji)工(gong)作(zuo),由電動機(ji)帶(dai)動客(ke)車(che)中(zhong)(zhong)的機(ji)械(xie)傳動結構(gou),進(jin)(jin)而帶(dai)動汽(qi)車(che)的前橋(或后(hou)橋)等行(xing)走機(ji)械(xie)結構(gou)工(gong)作(zuo),從而驅動電動客(ke)車(che)前進(jin)(jin)。
簡單來說,就是燃(ran)料電池反(fan)應(ying)發電,產生電能驅動新(xin)能源客車,而且(qie)這(zhe)種反(fan)應(ying)只會產生極少的二氧化(hua)碳和氮氧化(hua)物,副產品(pin)主要(yao)產生水,相當綠(lv)色環保。
三、燃料電池客車有幾種
燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車按照驅(qu)動形式(shi)可(ke)分(fen)為純燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)驅(qu)動客(ke)車和混(hun)合(he)驅(qu)動客(ke)車,混(hun)合(he)驅(qu)動客(ke)車又可(ke)按輔助動力源分(fen)為燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)+蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)+超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容,燃(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)+蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)+超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容等(deng)多種(zhong):
1、純燃料電池客車
這種新能(neng)源客車以燃料(liao)電池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)單(dan)一(yi)動(dong)(dong)力源,經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電機驅動(dong)(dong)整(zheng)車行駛,結構(gou)簡(jian)單(dan),但是燃料(liao)電池(chi)功率要求(qiu)大(da),成(cheng)本昂貴,由于(yu)燃料(liao)電池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)唯一(yi)動(dong)(dong)力源,所以對(dui)燃料(liao)電池(chi)的性(xing)能(neng)和可靠性(xing)要求(qiu)高,不能(neng)進行制動(dong)(dong)能(neng)量回收。
2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車
燃料電(dian)(dian)池和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池均為整車(che)(che)動(dong)(dong)力源,燃料電(dian)(dian)池經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)池驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)整車(che)(che)行駛(shi),蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池也(ye)可(ke)(ke)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)整車(che)(che)行駛(shi),進行制動(dong)(dong)能量回收,并(bing)(bing)用(yong)于(yu)空壓機等部件工(gong)作,電(dian)(dian)堆加熱,氣體加濕。此(ci)構型降低了燃料的功率要求、成本,并(bing)(bing)可(ke)(ke)實現制動(dong)(dong)能量回收,但是增(zeng)加了系統復雜性(xing)和蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的維(wei)護成本。
3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車
燃料電池(chi)和超級電容(rong)均為整車動力源(yuan),燃料電池(chi)經(jing)DCDC帶動電機驅(qu)動整車行駛,與蓄電池(chi)相比(bi),超級電容(rong)壽命長、效率高、成本低(di),但由于其容(rong)量小,制動能(neng)量回(hui)收能(neng)量有限(xian)。
4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車
燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)均為整車動(dong)(dong)力源,燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機驅動(dong)(dong)整車行駛,與以上構型相比,超級(ji)電(dian)(dian)容可提(ti)供加速或吸(xi)收緊急制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)尖峰電(dian)(dian)流(liu),減輕蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)負擔,延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命,但復雜(za)程度高(gao)、控(kong)制(zhi)復雜(za)。