生產情況
大(da)(da)田(tian)縣以盛產大(da)(da)田(tian)肉(rou)(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)著稱(cheng),被譽為“肉(rou)(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)之(zhi)鄉”。是福(fu)建省最大(da)(da)的肉(rou)(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)生產基地(di)。據(ju)統計,大(da)(da)田(tian)縣80%以上(shang)(shang)的農戶飼養大(da)(da)田(tian)肉(rou)(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),2008年(nian)大(da)(da)田(tian)肉(rou)(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飼養數212萬(wan)(wan)只、出(chu)欄商品兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)141萬(wan)(wan)只,產值達4200萬(wan)(wan)元,農民人均(jun)養兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)增(zeng)收130 元以上(shang)(shang),其大(da)(da)田(tian)肉(rou)(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)產量、質量、銷量均(jun)居福(fu)建省首位。
肉兔飼(si)養(yang)在大(da)田一直有傳統,大(da)多是(shi)分散的(de)(de)家庭飼(si)養(yang),一戶不過三五只,超過10只的(de)(de)都很少,被當作(zuo)種植業(ye)(ye)之外的(de)(de)副業(ye)(ye)。 大(da)田是(shi)典型的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)區縣,有“九(jiu)山(shan)(shan)半水半分田”之稱,可利用的(de)(de)草場(chang)面積2.4萬公頃(qing),其中(zhong)僅(jin)象山(shan)(shan)草場(chang)面積866公頃(qing),是(shi)福建省(sheng)內連片(pian)最大(da)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)然草場(chang),被稱為“南(nan)方天(tian)(tian)山(shan)(shan)”,牧草資(zi)源豐富,而且又地(di)處亞熱帶季風氣候,溫(wen)度適中(zhong),十分適宜(yi)飼(si)養(yang)大(da)田肉兔。
為發(fa)展(zhan)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)養殖,1993年前后,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)縣里組織了(le)一批技術力量對低成(cheng)本養兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)技術進行攻關,從(cong)農(nong)發(fa)基金撥出320萬元,用(yong)(yong)于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)場、飼(si)(si)料廠、牧草改良等科研工作,建立了(le)年飼(si)(si)養種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)2000只,年提(ti)供種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)苗5萬只的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)場和(he)(he)6個鄉鎮(zhen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)分場,形(xing)成(cheng)縣、鄉、村(cun)、戶(hu)(hu)(hu)四(si)級完(wan)善的(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁育基地和(he)(he)推(tui)廣(guang)網絡;同(tong)時,試驗(yan)并(bing)成(cheng)功推(tui)廣(guang)了(le)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)牧草、草粉(fen)顆(ke)粒飼(si)(si)養喂養、兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)病綜合(he)(he)防治等技術,使(shi)(shi)得大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)成(cheng)活率提(ti)高到(dao)93%;各(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)站與(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)飼(si)(si)養專(zhuan)業(ye)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)簽(qian)訂技術服(fu)務承包合(he)(he)同(tong),進行全(quan)方位的(de)技術指導(dao)和(he)(he)獸(shou)(shou)醫(yi)(yi)防疫。該縣率先(xian)制定并(bing)實(shi)(shi)施農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)綜合(he)(he)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua),60%以上的(de)養兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)專(zhuan)業(ye)戶(hu)(hu)(hu)實(shi)(shi)現標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)飼(si)(si)養,成(cheng)為福建省政(zheng)府授(shou)予的(de)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)農(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)綜合(he)(he)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)示范縣”;使(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)生產(chan)(chan)實(shi)(shi)現了(le)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)、飼(si)(si)養管理(li)(li)規范化(hua)(hua)、用(yong)(yong)藥合(he)(he)理(li)(li)化(hua)(hua),各(ge)(ge)項衛生指標(biao)及藥物(wu)殘留量符(fu)合(he)(he)國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),提(ti)高了(le)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肉(rou)食品的(de)安全(quan)系(xi)數(shu),從(cong)而(er)提(ti)高了(le)產(chan)(chan)品質量。該縣還(huan)為大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)肉(rou)兔(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)申請注冊了(le)“仙(xian)峰牌”商標(biao),2001年5月被(bei)評為省名牌農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品,打(da)造了(le)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)縣農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品第一品牌。
2009年(nian),大田戶均養(yang)兔百只(zhi)以(yi)上的(de)專業村(cun)有15個, 年(nian)飼(si)養(yang)500只(zhi)以(yi)上重點戶600多戶,全縣(xian)80%以(yi)上的(de)農戶飼(si)養(yang)大田肉(rou)兔。
產地范圍
大田肉兔地(di)理標(biao)志產(chan)品保護產(chan)地(di)范圍(wei)為福建省(sheng)大田縣所轄行政區域(yu)。
專用標志使用
大(da)田(tian)(tian)肉兔地理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)保護產地范圍內的(de)生產者(zhe),可向福建(jian)省大(da)田(tian)(tian)縣質(zhi)量技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)督局(ju)(ju)提出使(shi)用“地理標(biao)志(zhi)產品(pin)專(zhuan)用標(biao)志(zhi)”的(de)申請(qing),經福建(jian)省質(zhi)量技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)督局(ju)(ju)審核,由國(guo)家質(zhi)檢(jian)總(zong)局(ju)(ju)公(gong)告批準。大(da)田(tian)(tian)肉兔的(de)法(fa)定檢(jian)測機構由福建(jian)省質(zhi)量技術(shu)(shu)監(jian)督局(ju)(ju)負責指定。
技術要求
(一)品種。
福建兔(黑(hei)毛)。
(二)飼養環境。
1、場地:地勢(shi)坡度小、背風向陽、干燥、排(pai)水、通風的山地,水源充足,環境安靜,周邊(bian)100m內有(you)林地、草(cao)地。
2、兔舍(she):坐北朝(chao)南,磚木結構,通風良好;兔舍(she)高(gao)度(du)與間距比大于(yu)1∶1,頂高(gao)大于(yu)3m。
(三)飼料。
1、青(qing)飼料:以野莧菜(cai)、野豌豆、黑麥草、野苜蓿、車前草、蒲公英、青(qing)蒿及地瓜(gua)藤(teng)蔓為主。
2、精飼料:以米(mi)糠、麥皮、玉米(mi)粉、豆餅(bing)粉為(wei)主原料進行(xing)混合。
(四)飼養管理。
1、飼養方式(shi):室(shi)內籠養。
2、飼養(yang)密(mi)度:種公母兔一(yi)兔一(yi)籠,占用(yong)(yong)面積不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)0.30㎡/只(zhi)(zhi);仔兔占用(yong)(yong)面積不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)0.05㎡/只(zhi)(zhi);幼(you)兔占用(yong)(yong)面積不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)0.08㎡/只(zhi)(zhi)。
3、溫(wen)度(du)、濕度(du):
(1)溫(wen)度:仔兔(tu)階段(duan)環境(jing)溫(wen)度控(kong)制在25℃至(zhi)30℃;幼兔(tu)階段(duan)環境(jing)溫(wen)度控(kong)制在15℃至(zhi)25℃。
(2)環境相(xiang)對濕度保持在55%至(zhi)65%。
4、日糧:
(1)仔(zi)兔(tu):哺乳30d;20日(ri)齡后補喂(wei)仔(zi)兔(tu)料,平(ping)均日(ri)飼喂(wei)50g/只;
(2)幼兔(tu):青飼料不(bu)少于500g/只;精(jing)飼料平(ping)均日飼喂75g/只;
5、飲用水(shui)(shui):大田(tian)縣(xian)境內的山泉水(shui)(shui)、溪水(shui)(shui)、井水(shui)(shui)、地下水(shui)(shui),保持飲水(shui)(shui)充足。
6、環境、安全要求(qiu):飼養環境、疫情疫病的防治與控制(zhi)必須執行(xing)國(guo)家相(xiang)關規定,不得污染環境。
感官特色:
(1)體型外貌:體型較短小,結(jie)實緊湊,臀部(bu)寬圓、頭小嘴尖(jian),具(ju)有黑(hei)毛、黑(hei)皮、黑(hei)眼、黑(hei)耳、黑(hei)爪“五黑(hei)”特征。成(cheng)年兔雄性體長30cm至(zhi)38cm,胸(xiong)圍(wei)22cm至(zhi)32cm;雌性體長32cm至(zhi)39cm,胸(xiong)圍(wei)24cm至(zhi)35cm。
(2)肉(rou)(rou)質:屠宰放血后,皮肉(rou)(rou)分(fen)明(ming),肉(rou)(rou)質細嫩,肉(rou)(rou)色鮮(xian)紅色有光澤,脂肪層薄,呈白色或微黃(huang)色。