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三明翠碧一號烤煙
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“翠碧一號”系全國煙草品種審定委員會認定的推廣烤煙良種,屬于全國兩大特色烤煙品種之一。烤后煙葉顏色多呈桔黃色,色澤飽滿、組織細致、結構疏松、厚度適中、油分足、彈性強。煙葉具有比較典型的清香型風格特征,清雅飄逸,香氣量足、豐滿細膩綿長,煙味厚實飽滿,吃味醇和、余味干凈、生雜氣較少,出絲率高、配伍性好、醇化時間段短。對煙葉種植地點,前茬作物,土壤質地,種植品種,播種時間,移栽時間,所施用肥料名稱、施肥方式、施肥時間、施肥量,施用農藥名稱、施藥方式、施藥時間。
  • 分類: 煙(yan)酒
  • 產地: 福建省(sheng)三明(ming)市
  • 農產品標志產品編號: AGI00897
  • 農產品標志證書持有者: 三明市煙草學(xue)會
  • 農產品標志登記年份: 2012年
  • 參考網址:
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一.產品介紹

“翠碧(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)”屬于(yu)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)兩大(da)(da)特(te)色(se)烤煙(yan)(yan)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。烤后(hou)煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)顏色(se)多呈桔(jie)黃(huang)色(se),色(se)澤飽滿(man)、組織細致、結構(gou)疏松、厚(hou)度(du)適中、油分(fen)足、彈性(xing)強。煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)具有(you)比較(jiao)典型的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)香(xiang)型風格特(te)征(zheng),清(qing)雅飄逸(yi),香(xiang)氣量足、豐滿(man)細膩(ni)綿(mian)長(chang),煙(yan)(yan)味厚(hou)實飽滿(man),吃味醇和、余味干凈、生雜氣較(jiao)少,出絲率高、配伍性(xing)好、醇化時間段短(duan)。 三(san)明(ming)市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)煙(yan)(yan)歷史悠久,始于(yu)明(ming)朝萬歷年間,迄今已有(you)近四百(bai)年歷史。近代以前,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)類(lei)型多為(wei)(wei)(wei)曬煙(yan)(yan),以沙(sha)縣夏(xia)茂曬煙(yan)(yan)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)名,曾有(you)“煙(yan)(yan)魁”的(de)(de)(de)美譽(yu)。烤煙(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植始于(yu)上(shang)世紀六、七(qi)十年代,1988年烤煙(yan)(yan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)市(shi)(shi)范圍內(nei)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang),1991年后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植規模(mo)迅速擴大(da)(da),躍居全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)之(zhi)首。“翠碧(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)”是(shi)福建省(sheng)三(san)明(ming)市(shi)(shi)寧化縣1977年從“特(te)字401”煙(yan)(yan)田變(bian)異株中選(xuan)育而成的(de)(de)(de),1982年被正(zheng)式定(ding)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“翠碧(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)”。1989年6月,該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通過省(sheng)級審(shen)評。1991年, 翠碧(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)被全(quan)(quan)國(guo)煙(yan)(yan)草品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)審(shen)定(ding)委員會認(ren)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)”。 二(er)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)世紀初,三(san)明(ming)煙(yan)(yan)區著力(li)培(pei)育特(te)色(se)煙(yan)(yan)區,大(da)(da)力(li)加(jia)強 “良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、良(liang)法、良(liang)烤”綜合配套技術(shu)研究及推(tui)(tui)廣(guang),有(you)效(xiao)克服了(le)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)初期(qi)單產低、病害重(zhong)、烘烤難等(deng)生產瓶頸,同(tong)時積極爭取上(shang)級政(zheng)策扶(fu)持,注重(zhong)加(jia)強工商合作,有(you)效(xiao)推(tui)(tui)動了(le)該(gai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)壯大(da)(da)。近幾年,三(san)明(ming)市(shi)(shi)“翠碧(bi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)號(hao)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植規模(mo)穩定(ding)在(zai)(zai)80萬擔左(zuo)右,已穩步進入(ru)國(guo)內(nei)眾(zhong)多重(zhong)點工業(ye)企業(ye)和重(zhong)點卷煙(yan)(yan)品(pin)牌(pai)(如:中華、蘇煙(yan)(yan)、白沙(sha)、黃(huang)鶴樓、七(qi)匹(pi)狼等(deng))的(de)(de)(de)配方(fang),并在(zai)(zai)這些骨干卷煙(yan)(yan)品(pin)牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)配方(fang)中發(fa)揮著重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)作用。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌情況:全(quan)市土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類(lei)型(xing)有(you)紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、山(shan)地(di)草甸土(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)(se)土(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)和水稻土(tu)(tu)等7類(lei),其中(zhong)水稻土(tu)(tu)面(mian)積(ji)162000.03公(gong)頃,占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)地(di)總面(mian)積(ji)的7.07%,占(zhan)耕地(di)總面(mian)積(ji)的95.63%,是主(zhu)要的耕作(zuo)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)。水稻土(tu)(tu)耕作(zuo)層深厚(hou),質地(di)疏松,透氣性好(hao),土(tu)(tu)質弱酸(suan),pH在(zai)4.6~7.5之間;有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)比較(jiao)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),平均3.06%;全(quan)氮貯量(liang)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),平均1.5g/kg,速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)氮適中(zhong),堿解氮151.95mg/kg;速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)磷(lin)(lin)含(han)量(liang)比較(jiao)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu),磷(lin)(lin)的供(gong)給比較(jiao)充足,平均22.46mg/kg;速(su)效(xiao)(xiao)鉀平均40.55mg/kg。全(quan)市屬多山(shan)丘陵地(di)帶(dai),以低山(shan)為主(zhu)、多山(shan)地(di)多丘陵多盆(pen)谷(gu)的層狀結構明(ming)顯,可分為山(shan)地(di)、丘陵、河谷(gu)平原(yuan)與崗(gang)盆(pen)地(di)及水域4類(lei),其中(zhong)山(shan)地(di)、丘陵與盆(pen)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)99%以上,河谷(gu)平原(yuan)與崗(gang)盆(pen)地(di)及水面(mian)不到(dao)1%。全(quan)市森(sen)林(lin)覆(fu)蓋(gai)率達76.8%,素有(you)“綠色(se)(se)寶(bao)庫”之美稱。

2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:三(san)明(ming)境(jing)域(yu)(yu)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)河甚多,河網密度大(da)(da)于0.13公里(li)(li)(li)/平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li)(li)。多數(shu)屬(shu)閩(min)(min)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,少(shao)數(shu)屬(shu)汀江(jiang)(jiang)、九龍江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)江(jiang)(jiang)西省琴江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。河流(liu)(liu)干流(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)致順構(gou)(gou)造線發(fa)育,構(gou)(gou)成不對稱(cheng)的(de)樹枝狀或格子狀水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系。 沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)境(jing)內第(di)一大(da)(da)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),為(wei)閩(min)(min)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游三(san)大(da)(da)支流(liu)(liu)(沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、建溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))之(zhi)一,發(fa)源(yuan)于建寧縣均(jun)口(kou)鎮嚴峰山南麓(lu),向南經寧化縣、清流(liu)(liu)縣、永(yong)安市(shi)、三(san)明(ming)市(shi)區、沙縣至南平(ping)(ping)市(shi)沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)口(kou)與富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)匯(hui)合(he),注入閩(min)(min)江(jiang)(jiang),全(quan)長322公里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積11770平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li)(li),占全(quan)境(jing)總面(mian)(mian)積的(de)51.3%,年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)96億(yi)立(li)方米。金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)三(san)明(ming)市(shi)第(di)二大(da)(da)河流(liu)(liu),也(ye)是(shi)閩(min)(min)江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)重要的(de)支流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)一。源(yuan)頭有二:一為(wei)寧溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),發(fa)源(yuan)于寧化縣安遠鄉(xiang)武夷山麓(lu);二為(wei)瀾溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),發(fa)源(yuan)于建寧縣客坊鄉(xiang)中畬,二溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)自(zi)合(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)匯(hui)合(he)后始稱(cheng)金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)。金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)自(zi)合(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)向東北(bei)經泰(tai)寧縣、將樂縣至順昌縣注入富屯溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),全(quan)長253公里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積7201平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li)(li)。尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)是(shi)閩(min)(min)江(jiang)(jiang)中游的(de)一級支流(liu)(liu),長171公里(li)(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積5436平(ping)(ping)方公里(li)(li)(li)。沙溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位3~5.7米,金(jin)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)1.77~3.18米,尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)上(shang)游均(jun)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)大(da)(da)田站為(wei)3.65米。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位的(de)季節和(he)年(nian)際變化都較大(da)(da),具暴漲(zhang)暴落特征。通常每年(nian)5、6月(yue)份水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位最高,11月(yue)至翌年(nian)2月(yue)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位最低,相差1~2米,甚至11~12米(如尤溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))。三(san)明(ming)市(shi)地表徑流(liu)(liu)豐富,多年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)約215.83億(yi)立(li)方米。各水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系在枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期主要以地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)補給,其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)化學特征基本上(shang)與流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)內地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)類似,基本上(shang)為(wei)淡(dan)綠(lv)、黃綠(lv)色、透明(ming)、無(wu)臭的(de)中性、弱酸性軟水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質類型為(wei)HCO3-Ca.Na(或Na.Ca)型。 

3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況:三明市氣(qi)候(hou)類型屬中亞(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)海(hai)洋性(xing)季風氣(qi)候(hou),四季分明,年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫在16.8℃~19.4℃,最(zui)熱(re)月7月份平(ping)均氣(qi)溫27℃~29℃,最(zui)冷月1月份平(ping)均氣(qi)溫在5℃~9℃,無霜期258~306天(tian),年(nian)平(ping)均降水量(liang)1550mm~1830mm,相對濕(shi)度79~84%,年(nian)日照數1600~1790小時(shi),年(nian)活動積溫≥10℃在4000~6000℃之(zhi)間。

三.地域范圍

三(san)明(ming)(ming)市(shi)(shi)位于福(fu)建省西北(bei)(bei)部,武夷山脈和戴(dai)云(yun)山脈之間,地理座標介(jie)于東(dong)經116°22ˊ~118°36ˊ和北(bei)(bei)緯25°29ˊ~27°07ˊ之間。東(dong)接(jie)福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),南連龍巖、泉州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),北(bei)(bei)鄰南平(ping)市(shi)(shi),西同江西省毗鄰。三(san)明(ming)(ming)翠碧一(yi)號烤(kao)煙生產(chan)(chan)地域范(fan)圍包(bao)括三(san)明(ming)(ming)市(shi)(shi)行政區(qu)域內三(san)元(yuan)、梅列、寧化(hua)、清流(liu)、明(ming)(ming)溪(xi)(xi)、永安(an)、大田(tian)、尤(you)溪(xi)(xi)、沙縣、蔣樂(le)、泰寧、建寧等12個縣(市(shi)(shi)、區(qu))71個鄉鎮,總生產(chan)(chan)面積2萬(wan)公頃(qing),總產(chan)(chan)量4萬(wan)噸左(zuo)右。

四(si).產(chan)品品質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征(zheng)

1、外觀感官特征:“翠(cui)碧一號(hao)”系(xi)全國煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草品(pin)(pin)種審定(ding)委員(yuan)會認(ren)定(ding)的推廣烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)良種,屬于全國兩大特色烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)品(pin)(pin)種之一。烤(kao)后煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉顏色多呈桔黃色,色澤(ze)飽滿、組織細致、結構疏(shu)松、厚度適中(zhong)、油分足、彈性(xing)強。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉具有比較典型(xing)的清香型(xing)風格特征,清雅(ya)飄逸,香氣(qi)量足、豐滿細膩綿長,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)味厚實飽滿,吃味醇和、余味干凈、生雜氣(qi)較少(shao),出(chu)絲率高、配(pei)伍性(xing)好(hao)、醇化時間段短。 

2、安(an)全要求(qiu):符合《烤煙》(GB2635-1992)。

五(wu).特定(ding)生產方式

本(ben)部分內容(rong)主要描述影響(xiang)登記產品品質特(te)(te)色(se)形成和保(bao)持的特(te)(te)定生產方式: 

1、產地要(yao)求(qiu)。 土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)要(yao)求(qiu):選(xuan)擇的土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)類(lei)型為水(shui)稻(dao)土、紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、紫色土。土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質地為砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土、中(zhong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。結構疏松,通(tong)透性(xing)好(hao),孔隙度(du)40~50%,容重(zhong)小于1.6, 耕作(zuo)(zuo)層(ceng)大于15cm,坡(po)度(du)小于15°。有機質:2~4%;堿解氮(dan)130~170mg/kg; 速(su)效(xiao)磷15~25 mg/kg;速(su)效(xiao)鉀(jia)平(ping)均(jun)40.55 mg/kg;pH值5.0~7.0;0~60cm土層(ceng)氯離子(zi)小于30mg/kg。 氣(qi)候要(yao)求(qiu):年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17~19.4℃,全生長(chang)期(qi)≥10℃積溫(wen)(wen)在4000℃以上,平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)19~22℃,20~28℃的天數(shu)在80d以上,日照時(shi)數(shu)750~850h。采收(shou)期(qi)日平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)20~28℃的天數(shu)≥60d,平(ping)均(jun)日照時(shi)數(shu)≥5h/d,累計降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)380~580mm。11月上旬(xun)(xun)(xun)播(bo)種,1月底前育(yu)出適(shi)齡壯(zhuang)苗(miao),2月上旬(xun)(xun)(xun)移(yi)栽,4月下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)入煙(yan)葉成(cheng)熟采收(shou)期(qi),煙(yan)葉采收(shou)時(shi)間達45~60d。 水(shui)質要(yao)求(qiu):總(zong)砷≤0.05 mg/L,總(zong)汞≤0.001mg/L,總(zong)鎘≤0.005 mg/L,總(zong)鉛≤0.1 mg/L,氯≤160 mg/L,有機磷類(lei)≤0.05 mg/L,有機氯類(lei)≤0.05mg/L,菊酯類(lei)≤0.03mg/L。 前茬作(zuo)(zuo)物要(yao)求(qiu):建(jian)立以煙(yan)為主的耕作(zuo)(zuo)制度(du),實(shi)行(xing)“煙(yan)稻(dao)輪作(zuo)(zuo)”,提倡(chang)隔年輪作(zuo)(zuo),以水(shui)稻(dao)、玉米、豆類(lei)等(deng)為前茬,禁止與煙(yan)草同源病蟲(chong)害(hai)的茄科(ke)、葫(hu)蘆科(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)物連作(zuo)(zuo)、對茬。 

2、品種要(yao)求。 品種為“翠碧一號”,采取(qu)單行高壟種植,中(zhong)等肥(fei)力(li)田塊,株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行距為0.5m×1.2m,每667平方米種植1100株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),以發揮(hui)群體優勢,保證煙(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)個體發育(yu)與群體生長的協調。 

3、生產(chan)控(kong)制。 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)加強(qiang)三明(ming)翠碧一號烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)過程管理(li)(li)(li),使烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)產(chan)品達到(dao)優(you)質、適產(chan)、安全(quan),特制定(ding)(ding)以(yi)下(xia)(xia)各項管理(li)(li)(li)制度: 育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求:育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)(fang)式為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)盤(pan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)新黑色PVC片(pian)(pian)材(cai)制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),100穴/盤(pan),長(chang)×寬(kuan)×高(gao)(gao)(gao)=58.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×32厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×4.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)型孔(kong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)口徑×下(xia)(xia)底(di)徑×孔(kong)深=4.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×1.3厘(li)米(mi)(mi)×4.4厘(li)米(mi)(mi),重量(liang)≥90克/盤(pan)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)場地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)擇避(bi)(bi)風向陽、地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平(ping)(ping)坦、地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)低(di)(di)、有(you)潔凈水(shui)(shui)源(井水(shui)(shui)、自來水(shui)(shui))、交通(tong)方(fang)(fang)便、遠離影(ying)響苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)棚光照的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑物(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang),禁(jin)止在(zai)菜地(di)(di)(di)(di)、茄科作物(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及當(dang)年煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)棚,以(yi)防傳染病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。推廣竹木結(jie)(jie)構的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棚規(gui)格為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)20.5m、寬(kuan)3.4m、高(gao)(gao)(gao)1.7m,可提供20畝大(da)田(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間是寬(kuan)40厘(li)米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)(de)走(zou)道,邊道寬(kuan)20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)新鮮干凈過篩的(de)(de)(de)黃泥(ni)土(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)烤(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)濕(shi)潤(run)(run)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)基(ji)(ji)質,按(an)3︰7(體(ti)(ti)積比(bi))的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)例混合(he),充分(fen)(fen)(fen)攪拌均勻(yun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)裝盤(pan),基(ji)(ji)質的(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)度把握要(yao)求以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)能握成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)團(tuan)、松手(shou)自然散開(kai)(kai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。每穴播2粒(li)包衣(yi)種子,播完后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)盤(pan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)均勻(yun)反復用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)噴霧器噴灑清水(shui)(shui),使種子包衣(yi)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)裂解,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)塑(su)料托盤(pan)兩個(ge)并排擺放在(zai)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)畦的(de)(de)(de)塑(su)料膜(mo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)液N︰P205︰k20=2︰1︰2,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還含有(you)鈣、鎂(mei)、銅、鋅、硫(liu)、鐵、錳、硼、鉬等(deng)(deng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)元素。在(zai)育(yu)(yu)(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)(qian)期(qi),要(yao)注意補(bu)(bu)充營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)液,保持小池中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)液液面在(zai)1cm左右,當(dang)第二次(ci)剪(jian)葉(xie)(xie)結(jie)(jie)束還苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),斷去(qu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui),改用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)灑水(shui)(shui)壺噴灑營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)液。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)齡70~90天,并結(jie)(jie)合(he)剪(jian)葉(xie)(xie)、煉苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),達到(dao)根(gen)系(xi)發達,側根(gen)數多,個(ge)體(ti)(ti)生長(chang)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)(zhuang),群體(ti)(ti)整(zheng)(zheng)齊一致,無病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);真葉(xie)(xie)7片(pian)(pian)~9片(pian)(pian),葉(xie)(xie)色濃淡(dan)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),莖桿柔韌(ren)繞手(shou)指不斷,莖粗(cu)0.5cm~0.7cm,莖桿高(gao)(gao)(gao)度5cm~10cm。 移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求:推行(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋栽(zai)(zai)培,移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)前(qian)(qian)15~25天,先進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)粗(cu)整(zheng)(zheng)畦,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)在(zai)壟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間開(kai)(kai)深15cm~20cm,寬(kuan)15cm~20cm的(de)(de)(de)條溝,施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條溝肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)將(jiang)條溝填平(ping)(ping)、壟體(ti)(ti)整(zheng)(zheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao),整(zheng)(zheng)細、整(zheng)(zheng)平(ping)(ping)壟體(ti)(ti)表(biao)面土(tu)(tu)(tu)塊,使壟體(ti)(ti)飽滿(man),再蓋膜(mo)待栽(zai)(zai)。 每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復混肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)43公斤(jin)(jin)、硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀(jia)10公斤(jin)(jin)、硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)鉀(jia)10公斤(jin)(jin)、氧(yang)化鎂(mei)10公斤(jin)(jin)、充分(fen)(fen)(fen)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500公斤(jin)(jin),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復混肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)全(quan)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)鉀(jia)全(quan)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀(jia)一半為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),基(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)︰追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)=8︰2。根(gen)據(ju)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)、質地(di)(di)(di)(di)等(deng)(deng)確定(ding)(ding)密度,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較(jiao)好、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚(hou)、排灌方(fang)(fang)便的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)塊行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)115cm~120cm,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)(ju)50cm~55cm,每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)種植(zhi)(zhi)1050~1100株(zhu)(zhu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)較(jiao)差,土(tu)(tu)(tu)層較(jiao)淺的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)塊,行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)110cm~115cm,株(zhu)(zhu)距(ju)(ju)45cm~50cm,每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)種植(zhi)(zhi)1100~1200株(zhu)(zhu)。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)器定(ding)(ding)距(ju)(ju)開(kai)(kai)穴種植(zhi)(zhi)“膜(mo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)”,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)作穴肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、鈣鎂(mei)磷、火(huo)燒土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山表(biao)凈土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)(deng)提前(qian)(qian)10-15天進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)堆漚(ou),施氮量(liang)約占總施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)5%)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai),提高(gao)(gao)(gao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)活(huo)率。移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)澆足定(ding)(ding)根(gen)水(shui)(shui),促進(jin)(jin)(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)盡(jin)早返苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。 大(da)田(tian)管理(li)(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求:煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)能夠(gou)早生快發,正(zheng)常生長(chang)發育(yu)(yu)(yu),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)田(tian)間長(chang)相為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)棵(ke)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),個(ge)體(ti)(ti)健(jian)壯(zhuang)(zhuang),群體(ti)(ti)均衡(heng),營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)協調,分(fen)(fen)(fen)層落黃。移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)3~5天為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)還苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)期(qi);移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)35~45天達到(dao)團(tuan)棵(ke)期(qi);栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)45~55天進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)旺長(chang)期(qi);栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)70天左右開(kai)(kai)始(shi)現蕾,80天左右煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)(ji)本定(ding)(ding)形,進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)期(qi)。查(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)缺:移(yi)(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7天內進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)查(cha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)缺,先消除(chu)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)缺苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)因素如蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)或肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)等(deng)(deng),再選(xuan)取老壯(zhuang)(zhuang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)補(bu)(bu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),并對新補(bu)(bu)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)重點管理(li)(li)(li),偏(pian)施肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui),促進(jin)(jin)(jin)快速生長(chang),保證煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)(zheng)齊一致;掀(xian)膜(mo)培土(tu)(tu)(tu)、揭(jie)膜(mo):當(dang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)處(chu)于(yu)大(da)開(kai)(kai)盤(pan)至團(tuan)棵(ke)期(qi)時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)掀(xian)膜(mo)培土(tu)(tu)(tu),改善(shan)根(gen)系(xi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境(jing),促進(jin)(jin)(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常生長(chang),并于(yu)4月10日前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)揭(jie)膜(mo),以(yi)降(jiang)低(di)(di)壟體(ti)(ti)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)溫度,防止根(gen)莖性(xing)病(bing)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)流行(xing)(xing)。打頂(ding)與(yu)留葉(xie)(xie):肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)株(zhu)(zhu)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)(yang)正(zheng)常,發育(yu)(yu)(yu)良好的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)田(tian),在(zai)10%中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心花(hua)初開(kai)(kai)時結(jie)(jie)合(he)小于(yu)15cm的(de)(de)(de)無效(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)一次(ci)性(xing)打頂(ding),確保頂(ding)葉(xie)(xie)能夠(gou)正(zheng)常開(kai)(kai)面,有(you)效(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)達18-22片(pian)(pian)。 病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)要(yao)求:堅持“預防為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,綜合(he)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)則,突出農(nong)(nong)業防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施,以(yi)栽(zai)(zai)培避(bi)(bi)病(bing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎,加強(qiang)病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)預測(ce)預報,建(jian)立(li)容自然控(kong)制、生態調控(kong)、物(wu)(wu)理(li)(li)(li)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)低(di)(di)毒低(di)(di)殘(can)留農(nong)(nong)藥配(pei)套使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)草(cao)有(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)生物(wu)(wu)綜合(he)防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系(xi),長(chang)期(qi)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)地(di)(di)(di)(di)把病(bing)蟲害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)降(jiang)到(dao)最(zui)低(di)(di)限度,保障優(you)質煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)。 

4、產品處(chu)理。 成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:基(ji)本原則為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)適時(shi)(shi)早(zao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),中部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou),上(shang)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)充分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)”。下(xia)(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)適時(shi)(shi)早(zao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),第一(yi)次采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)在打頂后(hou)(hou)(hou)5-7天(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)綠色(se)(se)稍(shao)有(you)消退(tui),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)仍以(yi)綠為(wei)(wei)主(zhu);中部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)穩(wen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai),在下(xia)(xia)二棚采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)停(ting)7-10天(tian)(tian)(tian)左(zuo)右,采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)主(zhu)脈(mo)發(fa)白,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)基(ji)本全(quan)黃(huang),僅(jin)有(you)少(shao)(shao)許青色(se)(se);上(shang)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)充分(fen)(fen)成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou),采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)標準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)支脈(mo)全(quan)白,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面(mian)黃(huang)色(se)(se)鮮(xian)明,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)色(se)(se)以(yi)黃(huang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。多云、陰天(tian)(tian)(tian)整(zheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)均可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou),以(yi)午后(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)佳。雨天(tian)(tian)(tian)不宜(yi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou),晴熱干(gan)旱天(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)宜(yi)早(zao)晨傍晚(wan)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。 綁煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:鮮(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)初分(fen)(fen):煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou),先進(jin)行鮮(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)分(fen)(fen)類,分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)正(zheng)常成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)略(lve)高(gao)、成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)略(lve)低、病(bing)蟲(chong)為(wei)(wei)害等特殊煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)四類。 限葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)綁竿(gan):密(mi)集式(shi)(shi)烤(kao)(kao)房(fang),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)3片(pian)一(yi)束(shu),1.45m長的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)竿(gan),每竿(gan)50束(shu)、約150片(pian);應(ying)使(shi)用(yong)蔴繩、棉(mian)線等植物(wu)(wu)纖維(wei)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)綁煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)材(cai)料;杜(du)絕采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)橡膠(jiao)、塑料等化(hua)學(xue)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料用(yong)于綁煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。 掛竿(gan)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao):裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)烤(kao)(kao)前要(yao)(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)類統計出總竿(gan)數,確(que)定(ding)(ding)每層所(suo)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)竿(gan)數,要(yao)(yao)(yao)求同(tong)層均勻,上(shang)下(xia)(xia)疏(shu)密(mi)一(yi)致,成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)好的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中層,成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)度(du)差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)層,過熟(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)下(xia)(xia)層,觀察窗周圍要(yao)(yao)(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)代表性的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。上(shang)部(bu)、含水(shui)(shui)量少(shao)(shao)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),氣(qi)候干(gan)旱的(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)(xia),應(ying)適當裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)密(mi),烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)時(shi)(shi)有(you)利于保濕(shi)變黃(huang);中、下(xia)(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),含水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)多的(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),下(xia)(xia)雨天(tian)(tian)(tian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),應(ying)適當裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)稀,有(you)利于排(pai)濕(shi)。 調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:調(diao)制(zhi)(zhi)設施為(wei)(wei)密(mi)集式(shi)(shi)烤(kao)(kao)房(fang)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)原則,根據(ju)田間(jian)(jian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)生長發(fa)育狀況,以(yi)及所(suo)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)鮮(xian)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量特點及其在烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)中的(de)(de)(de)變化(hua),靈(ling)活進(jin)行各(ge)項控制(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)。按照三段式(shi)(shi)烘(hong)(hong)烤(kao)(kao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求,變黃(huang)期把(ba)握充分(fen)(fen)變黃(huang)凋萎(wei),促(cu)進(jin)淀粉(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua);定(ding)(ding)色(se)(se)期要(yao)(yao)(yao)求適時(shi)(shi)排(pai)濕(shi)定(ding)(ding)色(se)(se);干(gan)筋(jin)期要(yao)(yao)(yao)避免(mian)高(gao)溫烤(kao)(kao)紅等問題。變黃(huang)凋萎(wei)期:促(cu)進(jin)內含物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)充分(fen)(fen)轉化(hua)特別是淀粉(fen)(fen)、蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及色(se)(se)素的(de)(de)(de)降解和(he)香(xiang)氣(qi)前體物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)。其技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)領是“穩(wen)住溫度(du),調(diao)整(zheng)濕(shi)度(du),控制(zhi)(zhi)燒火(huo),延長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian),確(que)保煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)變黃(huang)變軟”。干(gan)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)定(ding)(ding)色(se)(se)期:促(cu)進(jin)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)筋(jin)充分(fen)(fen)變黃(huang)和(he)最佳顏色(se)(se)固定(ding)(ding),促(cu)進(jin)香(xiang)氣(qi)聚合物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)形成(cheng)(cheng)和(he)積累。其技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)領是“加大(da)燒火(huo),穩(wen)住濕(shi)球,升高(gao)干(gan)球”。干(gan)筋(jin)期:減少(shao)(shao)香(xiang)氣(qi)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)揮發(fa),徹底干(gan)燥煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)筋(jin)。其技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)領為(wei)(wei)“穩(wen)住火(huo)力,控制(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)球,限制(zhi)(zhi)濕(shi)球,減少(shao)(shao)通風(feng),適時(shi)(shi)停(ting)火(huo)”。 等級(ji)判定(ding)(ding)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:嚴格按照國家烤(kao)(kao)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)42級(ji)標準(zhun)(GB2635-1992)。 

5、生產記錄要求。 對煙(yan)葉種植地(di)點,前茬作物,土壤質地(di),種植品(pin)種,播種時(shi)間,移栽(zai)時(shi)間,所施用(yong)肥(fei)料名稱、施肥(fei)方式、施肥(fei)時(shi)間、施肥(fei)量,施用(yong)農(nong)藥名稱、施藥方式、施藥時(shi)間,煙(yan)葉采收(shou)、調制(zhi)、收(shou)購等(deng)項目的日(ri)期(qi)、方式、數(shu)量等(deng)進行詳細的記錄。

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