芒果视频下载

基本介紹

婺州蜜(mi)梨翠冠梨果形(xing)圓整、果點較小、松(song)脆多(duo)汁、味甜(tian)爽口。翠玉梨果皮(pi)光滑、色澤(ze)均勻、果肉(rou)潔(jie)白、肉(rou)質細(xi)嫩。

金東區(qu)地(di)(di)勢南北高，中(zhong)部低，以(yi)(yi)丘陵山(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。北部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金華山(shan)山(shan)脈(mo)，海拔在500米(mi)(mi)(mi)～900米(mi)(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間，往南逐漸緩(huan)降(jiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低崗淺丘。南部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仙霞嶺余脈(mo)所延伸，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低山(shan)淺丘與(yu)溪谷平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)相間地(di)(di)形。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)多(duo)丘陵山(shan)地(di)(di)，受光(guang)(guang)面(mian)積大，通風透光(guang)(guang)，土(tu)壤排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通氣良(liang)好(hao)。促(cu)使梨樹生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健壯，花(hua)芽分(fen)(fen)化(hua)好(hao)，樹體壽(shou)命長(chang)(chang)。金東區(qu)屬亞(ya)熱(re)帶季(ji)風氣候，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)17℃左右(you)(you)，1月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)4.8 ℃左右(you)(you)，7月(yue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)29℃，形成(cheng)(cheng)冬夏長(chang)(chang)、春秋短，四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)明的(de)特點。無霜期(qi)250天左右(you)(you)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)在1300mm～1400mm之(zhi)間。年(nian)內(nei)變化(hua)季(ji)節分(fen)(fen)配(pei)不(bu)均(jun)勻，3月(yue)～6月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)雨(yu)期(qi)，雨(yu)量(liang)占全(quan)年(nian)50%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，其中(zhong)5月(yue)～6月(yue)份梅雨(yu)季(ji)節，常出現大面(mian)積降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)；6月(yue)～8月(yue)以(yi)(yi)晴熱(re)天氣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，11月(yue)中(zhong)、下(xia)旬(xun)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)下(xia)降(jiang)至14℃，開始落葉(xie)進入休眠越冬。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨喜光(guang)(guang)，年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數2028小時(shi)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)省日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數最多(duo)的(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)之(zhi)一，隨著(zhu)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)強度增(zeng)加(jia)，光(guang)(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)增(zeng)強，光(guang)(guang)合(he)產物(wu)也(ye)多(duo)，這(zhe)一氣候條(tiao)件有(you)利增(zeng)加(jia)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨甜度，是砂梨品(pin)系產區(qu)中(zhong)成(cheng)(cheng)熟較早(zao)的(de)產區(qu)之(zhi)一。成(cheng)(cheng)熟期(qi)間晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大于160以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，有(you)利于養分(fen)(fen)的(de)轉化(hua)和糖分(fen)(fen)的(de)積累，提高蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨可溶性(xing)固形物(wu)含(han)量(liang)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨保護(hu)(hu)種植區(qu)域(yu)屬錢(qian)塘江上(shang)游(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系，義烏江與(yu)武義江會(hui)合(he)后流(liu)入婺(wu)(wu)江，主要河流(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)達(da)到三類及以(yi)(yi)上(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)。同時(shi)金東區(qu)域(yu)內(nei)有(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫67座(zuo)，蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)總庫容量(liang)達(da)7871萬立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。灌溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)清澈、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)良(liang)好(hao)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)味(wei)甘甜，有(you)利于婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)提升。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)基地(di)(di)大多(duo)建在義烏江和武義江沿線(xian)形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)沖積壤土(tu)上(shang)，土(tu)壤肥沃、土(tu)質(zhi)疏松(song)、全(quan)鉀含(han)量(liang)高，土(tu)壤微(wei)酸性(xing)，PH值以(yi)(yi)5.5～6.5為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，特別適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)梨生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。

地域產地

婺(wu)州蜜(mi)梨保護區域范圍為：金(jin)華市金(jin)東(dong)區所轄多(duo)湖街道(dao)、江(jiang)東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、嶺下(xia)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、塘雅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)、付村鎮(zhen)(zhen)、源(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang)，共計8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)（街道(dao)），北至源(yuan)(yuan)東(dong)鄉(xiang)丁陽嶺村，東(dong)至孝順鎮(zhen)(zhen)低(di)田村，南至江(jiang)東(dong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)焦巖村，西至多(duo)湖街道(dao)王宅村等68個行政村。地理坐標為東(dong)經119°89′29″～119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″～29°32′12″。

品質特點

翠冠(guan)梨果形(xing)(xing)(xing)圓整、果點較(jiao)小、松脆(cui)多汁、味(wei)甜爽口(kou)。翠玉梨果皮光滑(hua)、色(se)澤均勻、果肉潔白、肉質細嫩(nen)。翠冠(guan)梨 硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)固形(xing)(xing)(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸≤0.2％。硬度≥4.0kg/cm2，可(ke)溶性(xing)(xing)固形(xing)(xing)(xing)物≥10.5％，可(ke)滴定(ding)(ding)酸≤0.2％。符(fu)合國家(jia)農業行業標準規定(ding)(ding)的(de)有(you)關要求(qiu)。

生產情況

園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)選(xuan)擇(ze)光照條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好，山地(di)坡度(du)25度(du)以(yi)(yi)下，土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃，土(tu)質通透性(xing)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡，或交通便利、排(pai)(pai)灌(guan)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)地(di)。翠冠(guan)、翠玉等(deng)(deng)(deng)優良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種，適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)(he)本(ben)地(di)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)、抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)(neng)力強、品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質好、豐產(chan)穩產(chan)。挑選(xuan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種純正、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達、粗壯(zhuang)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)苗。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)到(dao)次(ci)(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是種植(zhi)梨(li)苗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)機。緩(huan)坡地(di)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m～5m，株距(ju)2m～3m；平(ping)地(di)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)4m～5m，株距(ju)3m～4m。定植(zhi)穴長(chang)(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)為(wei)(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm，砂土(tu)瘠薄地(di)適(shi)當(dang)(dang)加(jia)(jia)大(da)。每(mei)(mei)穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（腐熟(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)）50kg作(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。定植(zhi)穴上挖個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穴，把苗木(mu)(mu)(mu)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)穴內，理(li)直根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)，加(jia)(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃細土(tu)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手輕(qing)輕(qing)提苗、踏實(shi)(shi)(shi)、培(pei)(pei)(pei)土(tu)，做到(dao)淺(qian)種，苗木(mu)(mu)(mu)嫁(jia)接口露(lu)出(chu)土(tu)面。授粉品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種與主(zhu)栽品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種種植(zhi)比(bi)例為(wei)(wei)1：4，南(nan)北向分(fen)行(xing)(xing)種植(zhi)，定植(zhi)后(hou)(hou)澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui)，定干高(gao)度(du)30cm～50cm。以(yi)(yi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)養三大(da)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)(xin)形(xing)或多(duo)(duo)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)(xin)形(xing)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，即在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)50cm～60cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)選(xuan)定3個(ge)(ge)或多(duo)(duo)個(ge)(ge)方(fang)位(wei)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)，分(fen)布均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)，其余(yu)疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)原則：大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)而精，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)(duo)而勻，去直留斜。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)法：大(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要去強留弱，緩(huan)放結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)，徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)過多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)從基(ji)部除(chu)去；中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要縮剪(jian)(jian)先(xian)(xian)(xian)端強枝(zhi)(zhi)，疏(shu)(shu)刪(shan)后(hou)(hou)部細弱枝(zhi)(zhi)；小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要注(zhu)意更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)復壯(zhuang)，多(duo)(duo)留更(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)，抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)。休(xiu)眠期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)）在(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落葉到(dao)翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前均可(ke)(ke)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)（夏季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)）抹(mo)芽(ya)：抹(mo)除(chu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)內容(rong)(rong)易(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背上壯(zhuang)芽(ya)，剪(jian)(jian)口下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭芽(ya)及(ji)(ji)(ji)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)芽(ya)、三芽(ya)。摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)：新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20cm～30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)頂端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)梢(shao)(shao)，再次(ci)(ci)(ci)抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺梢(shao)(shao)需(xu)不(bu)斷(duan)摘(zhai)心(xin)(xin)或扭梢(shao)(shao)。扭梢(shao)(shao)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)15cm～20cm半木(mu)(mu)(mu)質化時(shi)(shi)(shi)，將直立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)或旺枝(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈下垂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。拉枝(zhi)(zhi)：5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間對(dui)角度(du)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、過于直立(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副(fu)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)或大(da)型(xing)枝(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)、壓枝(zhi)(zhi)或墜(zhui)枝(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)部分(fen)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)疏(shu)(shu)去生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)，根(gen)(gen)(gen)據需(xu)要每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)5cm～10cm留1個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)，其余(yu)一(yi)(yi)律(lv)(lv)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)。授粉條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)留一(yi)(yi)半左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)，疏(shu)(shu)去中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率高(gao)年(nian)(nian)份早疏(shu)(shu)，否則晚(wan)疏(shu)(shu)。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據樹(shu)(shu)(shu)齡、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢、土(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)、管理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)來預估產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)公頃產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)22500kg左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，土(tu)壤條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充(chong)足、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)勢強健、管理(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)留，否則少(shao)留。套袋時(shi)(shi)(shi)間：在(zai)(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋種類：根(gen)(gen)(gen)據不(bu)同品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種要求，選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)優質雙(shuang)層(ceng)(ceng)紙(zhi)袋、單(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)紙(zhi)袋和(he)(he)塑膜袋等(deng)(deng)(deng)。省力化栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)套袋。結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，進(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)翻耕(geng)(geng)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)靠近主(zhu)干處淺(qian)，株間、行(xing)(xing)間深(shen)，耕(geng)(geng)作(zuo)深(shen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20cm～40cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)，2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)，夏秋旱(han)季(ji)淺(qian)耕(geng)(geng)細作(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)間套種豆類、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)全(quan)園(yuan)(yuan)清耕(geng)(geng)法與生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法管理(li)模式相結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)，以(yi)(yi)商品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入(ru)挖好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)30cm～40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放射溝(gou)或環狀溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)覆土(tu)。壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)(xun)(xun)每(mei)(mei)公頃施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)復合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)（N：P：K＝15：15：15）420kg，硫(liu)酸鉀110kg。一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)后(hou)(hou)再施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)內，每(mei)(mei)公頃施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素150kg。根(gen)(gen)(gen)外追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉面噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，特別在(zai)(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)恢復期(qi)(qi)(qi)每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)噴2次(ci)(ci)(ci)～3次(ci)(ci)(ci)，肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)機液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素，速效氮、磷(lin)、鉀等(deng)(deng)(deng)。灌(guan)溉時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)：當(dang)(dang)梨(li)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)前后(hou)(hou)到(dao)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無(wu)(wu)(wu)雨(yu)(yu)達15天時(shi)(shi)(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無(wu)(wu)(wu)雨(yu)(yu)10天時(shi)(shi)(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)～7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)迅速膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)連續無(wu)(wu)(wu)雨(yu)(yu)達7天～10天時(shi)(shi)(shi)即應(ying)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)溉方(fang)法：有(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取噴滴(di)灌(guan)，也可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)溝(gou)灌(guan)、澆灌(guan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)：地(di)勢低(di)洼、易(yi)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)園(yuan)(yuan)，還(huan)須建立(li)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)統，確(que)保降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)30cm左(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右(you)深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)隔(ge)夜積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui),避免(mian)澇漬害(hai)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)原則按照“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針，以(yi)(yi)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，增強樹(shu)(shu)(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆能(neng)(neng)力；根(gen)(gen)(gen)據病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律(lv)(lv)，因(yin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)機械防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，經濟、安全(quan)、有(you)(you)(you)效地(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格(ge)(ge)執行(xing)(xing)國家(jia)規定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)檢(jian)疫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止檢(jian)疫性(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蔓延、傳(chuan)播。農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)為(wei)(wei)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)、落葉，做好冬季(ji)清園(yuan)(yuan)工作(zuo)，減少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：保護和(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天敵，釋放寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)捕食性(xing)天敵，發(fa)(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)(qu)光性(xing)及(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)某些(xie)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)(qu)性(xing)誘(you)殺(sha)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，田間掛誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈或性(xing)誘(you)劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)誘(you)殺(sha)。化學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)：優先(xian)(xian)(xian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源、礦物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥。注(zhu)意噴藥質量(liang)(liang)(liang)，減少(shao)噴藥次(ci)(ci)(ci)數(shu)。嚴禁(jin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留或具有(you)(you)(you)“三致(zhi)”（致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)突(tu)變(bian)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥及(ji)(ji)(ji)各種遺傳(chuan)工程微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)。必須嚴格(ge)(ge)國家(jia)綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)A級(ji)標準(zhun)嚴格(ge)(ge)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濃度(du)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)(ci)數(shu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)藥距(ju)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收、分(fen)級(ji)、包裝(zhuang)、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)適(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)織人員分(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)批(pi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)盡(jin)快進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)（未發(fa)(fa)育完全(quan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)）、機械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)不(bu)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，按大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)。包裝(zhuang)盒上準(zhun)確(que)標明產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱、數(shu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、產(chan)地(di)、包裝(zhuang)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)單(dan)位(wei)、執行(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)代(dai)號和(he)(he)儲運(yun)注(zhu)意事(shi)項等(deng)(deng)(deng)內容(rong)(rong)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)應(ying)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)、排(pai)(pai)列整(zheng)齊。貯(zhu)藏(zang)與運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯(zhu)藏(zang)與運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)。