一.產品介紹
浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)種植葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)歷史悠久,現存最早的(de)地方志《嘉靖浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)志略》卷三物產(chan)(chan)篇中就有(you)種植“葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)”的(de)記載。之(zhi)后乾隆、光緒年(nian)(nian)間的(de)《浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)志略》物產(chan)(chan)中也均有(you)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)零星栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)記載。到民(min)國(guo)29年(nian)(nian)(1940),《民(min)國(guo)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)縣志稿》中全縣葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)面(mian)積已達十畝,產(chan)(chan)量為21擔。 近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展迅速(su),栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)面(mian)積超過5萬畝,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)量8萬噸,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)6.8億元(yuan),成為浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)農業(ye)第一大產(chan)(chan)業(ye),并先后獲得浙江(jiang)省精品水果金(jin)獎(jiang)、浙江(jiang)省農業(ye)博(bo)覽(lan)會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、金(jin)華市精品水果會(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang),全國(guo)南(nan)方及(ji)設施葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)精品大賽金(jin)獎(jiang)。2013年(nian)(nian)浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)縣還(huan)被授予“中國(guo)巨峰葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)之(zhi)鄉”稱號,。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和(he)人文(wen)歷史因素(su)
(1) 地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao):浦(pu)江(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)處(chu)浙江(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)部,隸屬金(jin)華市,距(ju)浙江(jiang)省會杭(hang)州94公里(li)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)位置優越(yue),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)復雜,有平(ping)畈(fan)(fan)、崗地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵和(he)(he)山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)類型。縣內地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢西(xi)北(bei)高東南(nan)低(di)(di),最高峰大畈(fan)(fan)鄉朝天(tian)門(men),海(hai)拔1050米(mi);而(er)最低(di)(di)點(dian)浦(pu)陽江(jiang)江(jiang)道,海(hai)拔僅24米(mi)。西(xi)部和(he)(he)北(bei)部壺(hu)源江(jiang)兩岸多為山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和(he)(he)丘(qiu)陵,其中(zhong)(zhong)檀溪、杭(hang)坪、虞宅(zhai)等鄉鎮有小(xiao)塊盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)錯落(luo);東部和(he)(he)南(nan)部亦丘(qiu)陵環亙;中(zhong)(zhong)部為浦(pu)陽盆(pen)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。浦(pu)江(jiang)山(shan)巒起(qi)伏,溝壑縱橫,境內河流(liu)(liu)具有源短流(liu)(liu)急、河床比降大和(he)(he)徑流(liu)(liu)季節性變化(hua)明顯等山(shan)溪型特征。縣內兩條水(shui)系(xi)浦(pu)陽江(jiang)和(he)(he)壺(hu)源江(jiang),均(jun)為錢塘江(jiang)的主要支流(liu)(liu)。 (2) 土(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di):浦(pu)江(jiang)土(tu)壤(rang)屬于亞(ya)熱帶(dai)常綠(lv)闊葉林(lin)紅壤(rang)帶(dai),主要以紅壤(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)和(he)(he)紫色土(tu)為主,有機質(zhi)含量 2.1% -4.2%,pH值(zhi)5.5 - 6.5 ,偏酸(suan)性。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)特點(dian):浦(pu)江(jiang)屬于屬于亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)候(hou)區,四季分(fen)明,氣(qi)溫適中(zhong)(zhong),雨量充(chong)沛,光照充(chong)足(zu)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫17 ℃,一月(yue)最冷(leng)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫4.7 ℃;七月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫28 ℃。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量1512毫米(mi),年(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)日(ri)數156天(tian)。平(ping)均(jun)年(nian)日(ri)照總時(shi)數1746.3小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)均(jun)無霜期247天(tian)。
三.地域范圍
浦江葡萄農產品地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)地(di)域保護范(fan)圍包括(kuo)浦陽街(jie)道、浦南街(jie)道、仙華街(jie)道、黃(huang)宅鎮(zhen)、白馬鎮(zhen)、鄭(zheng)家塢鎮(zhen)、鄭(zheng)宅鎮(zhen)、巖頭鎮(zhen),花橋、前吳(wu)、中余、檀溪、大畈(fan)、虞宅、杭坪(ping)(ping) 含(han)轄(xia)區 15個鄉鎮(zhen)(街(jie)道),北(bei)至巖頭鎮(zhen)的(de)禮張村(cun) ,東至鄭(zheng)家塢鎮(zhen)的(de)溪東村(cun) ,南至黃(huang)宅鎮(zhen)的(de)陳鐵店(dian)村(cun),西至杭坪(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)的(de)杭坪(ping)(ping)村(cun),地(di)理(li)坐標為北(bei)緯29° 21′~29°41′和東經119°42′~ 120°07′之間(jian)。2011年種(zhong)植面積 2.83萬畝, 產量4.2萬噸(dun)。
四.產(chan)品品質特性特征(zheng)
(1)感官特(te)征(zheng):果(guo)實完整,發育充分、正常(chang)(chang),新(xin)鮮清潔(jie),整齊(qi)度(du)好,具有適(shi)(shi)宜市(shi)場或貯(zhu)存要求(qiu)的(de)(de)成(cheng)熟度(du);具有本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)固有的(de)(de)形狀(zhuang)和特(te)征(zheng),果(guo)形整齊(qi),果(guo)粒(li)間緊密適(shi)(shi)度(du),不(bu)易(yi)脫(tuo)粒(li),無(wu)機械損傷(shang),無(wu)霉爛、無(wu)裂果(guo)、無(wu)凍(dong)傷(shang)、無(wu)病蟲害、無(wu)刺傷(shang)、無(wu)果(guo)肉褐(he)變;具有本(ben)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)熟時應(ying)(ying)有的(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)色澤和正常(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)氣味。 (2)品(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標:浦江葡萄營養價值高,果(guo)肉細脆,肉質(zhi)厚,纖維少;風(feng)味濃,甜酸適(shi)(shi)口,汁液豐富;可溶性固形物(wu)含(han)量(liang)≥17.8%,總酸含(han)量(liang)≤ 0.6% 。 (3)安全要求(qiu):浦江葡萄在生產、貯(zhu)運、銷售過程中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)嚴格執行(xing)國(guo)家農(nong)業行(xing)業標準《無(wu)公害食品(pin) 鮮食葡萄》NY5086-2002的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。
五.特定生(sheng)產方式
(1) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)擇與特(te)(te)殊內(nei)(nei)容規定(ding)(ding)(ding):浦江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境質量(liang)(liang)必須符合(he)(he)《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 鮮食(shi)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)》NY5086-2002的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)。生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)層深大(da)(da)(da)于40 cm,結(jie)構疏(shu)松(song),土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)≥2.3%,pH 5.5-6.5,且排水(shui)(shui)(shui)良好(hao)。 (2)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)技術(shu) ① 定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)(gou)深30~50cm,溝(gou)(gou)寬(kuan)(kuan)60~80cm,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)2000kg畜肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1000kg,混(hun)100kg磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)入溝(gou)(gou)內(nei)(nei),填土(tu)整(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)饅頭形(xing)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壟(long)。用(yong)(yong)磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)點好(hao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)點,選(xuan)晴天或(huo)(huo)(huo)陰天栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)苗根向四周伸展,填土(tu),澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)80~100cm寬(kuan)(kuan)黑(hei)色地(di)(di)(di)膜全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)壟(long)條(tiao)(tiao)形(xing)覆蓋(gai)。并及時(shi)(shi)開好(hao)三溝(gou)(gou):圍溝(gou)(gou)、腰溝(gou)(gou)、畦溝(gou)(gou)配套(tao)。 ② 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)范圍與特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求:選(xuan)擇適合(he)(he)設(she)施(shi)(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巨峰、夏黑(hei)、醉(zui)金(jin)香、巨峰優(you)株等(deng)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。供浦江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苗木選(xuan)擇芽(ya)(ya)眼(yan)飽滿、粗(cu)度0.5厘米(mi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)健壯、根系(xi)發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害苗木。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)12月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬~次(ci)年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬。 ③ 設(she)施(shi)(shi):浦江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)避(bi)雨(yu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)。大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)2.4-6m,株距(ju)(ju)2-10m;簡(jian)易聯(lian)(lian)體(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)暖小環(huan)棚(peng)(peng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)2.4~6m,株距(ju)(ju)2-10 m。簡(jian)易標(biao)準鋼管連棟大(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng):矢(shi)高(gao)3.3-3.8m,肩高(gao)2.0m以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。簡(jian)易聯(lian)(lian)體(ti)保(bao)(bao)(bao)暖小環(huan)棚(peng)(peng):頂(ding)高(gao)2.2~2.3m,行(xing)(xing)(xing)寬(kuan)(kuan)2.5~3m(含(han)溝(gou)(gou))。在(zai)(zai)單行(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)簡(jian)易避(bi)雨(yu)小環(huan)棚(peng)(peng)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),整(zheng)(zheng)塊地(di)(di)(di)四周及棚(peng)(peng)間通天空氣道用(yong)(yong)薄(bo)膜覆蓋(gai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)封閉保(bao)(bao)(bao)暖。 ④ 整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian):冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)自然落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)半(ban)個月(yue)(yue)后(hou)至次(ci)年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)法: 第(di)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)留(liu)(liu)3~4芽(ya)(ya)定(ding)(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),選(xuan)留(liu)(liu)1根新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)作主(zhu)干(gan)(gan),根據架(jia)(jia)式待新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至70~150cm時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin),再(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)養4個副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)作為(wei)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi);平(ping)棚(peng)(peng)架(jia)(jia)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)組(zu)間距(ju)(ju)1米(mi)左右(you)(you)(you)。歐美(mei)(mei)雜交種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)一(yi)(yi)般采(cai)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(5~7芽(ya)(ya))修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),更新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)留(liu)(liu)2芽(ya)(ya)修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian) 。 ⑤枝(zhi)蔓管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 解除(chu)(chu)(chu)休眠:萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)20~30天用(yong)(yong)5-7倍石(shi)灰(hui)氮(dan)(dan)浸出(chu)液、朵美(mei)(mei)滋、芽(ya)(ya)靈(ling)涂結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)需萌(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya),剪(jian)(jian)口2個芽(ya)(ya)不涂。或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)單氰胺全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)園噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)。 抹(mo)芽(ya)(ya)、定(ding)(ding)(ding)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao):新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至3-4cm時(shi)(shi)分批抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)多(duo)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya);見(jian)(jian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序或(huo)(huo)(huo)5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)1心(xin)(xin)期(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)陸(lu)續抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)(chu)多(duo)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至40cm左右(you)(you)(you)時(shi)(shi),雙十(shi)字V型架(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)單十(shi)字飛(fei)鳥型架(jia)(jia)選(xuan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)按(an)15~20cm等(deng)距(ju)(ju)離(li)定(ding)(ding)(ding)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)綁縛在(zai)(zai)鋼絲上(shang)(shang)(shang);平(ping)棚(peng)(peng)架(jia)(jia)掌握每(mei)(mei)平(ping)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)5~7條(tiao)(tiao)。 摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)、副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li):V形(xing)架(jia)(jia):新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序上(shang)(shang)(shang)6葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin),飛(fei)鳥型架(jia)(jia):新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao) 長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至7葉(xie)(xie)(xie)1心(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin),去除(chu)(chu)(chu)副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),頂(ding)副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)1根,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至始花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)留(liu)(liu)3-5葉(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),去除(chu)(chu)(chu)二次(ci)副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),頂(ding)副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)4—5片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)再(zai)(zai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)。棚(peng)(peng)架(jia)(jia):見(jian)(jian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)留(liu)(liu)6~8葉(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)視枝(zhi)蔓生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)情(qing)況(kuang),對(dui)強(qiang)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)再(zai)(zai)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)1~2次(ci)。注意在(zai)(zai)離(li)主(zhu)干(gan)(gan)附近留(liu)(liu)4根營養枝(zhi)培(pei)(pei)養成(cheng)為(wei)第(di)二年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)枝(zhi),新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)至12葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)留(liu)(liu)10葉(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin),頂(ding)副(fu)(fu)(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)4葉(xie)(xie)(xie)連續摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)色難的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)硬核(he)期(qi)(qi)(qi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)基(ji)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)齡(ling)100天以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian),促進著(zhu)色。及時(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)卷須。 ⑥ 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)指標(biao):歐美(mei)(mei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)1250kg~1500kg 。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)質量(liang)(liang)指標(biao):大(da)(da)(da)粒(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)平(ping)均重(zhong)(zhong)12g以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),中(zhong)粒(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)平(ping)均重(zhong)(zhong)10g以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),小粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)6g以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。 定(ding)(ding)(ding)穗(sui)(sui)(sui):每(mei)(mei)一(yi)(yi)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)穗(sui)(sui)(sui),弱枝(zhi)不留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)。有(you)(you)(you)籽葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)(wu)核(he)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)與營養枝(zhi)按(an)3~4:1配置。整(zheng)(zheng)穗(sui)(sui)(sui):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)3—5天掐(qia)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)尖和(he)(he)除(chu)(chu)(chu)副(fu)(fu)(fu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)。有(you)(you)(you)籽栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序留(liu)(liu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)尖10cm,每(mei)(mei)個支穗(sui)(sui)(sui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)留(liu)(liu)10粒(li)(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾。無(wu)(wu)核(he)化(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序留(liu)(liu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)尖4-7cm。 疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li):中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)控制40—60粒(li)(li)(li)左右(you)(you)(you)、小粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)(liu)80~100粒(li)(li)(li)。疏(shu)去圓粒(li)(li)(li)無(wu)(wu)籽果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瘦小、畸形(xing)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄細弱、朝內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 (3)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li) ① 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang):全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)分基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)著(zhu)色肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、采(cai)后(hou)復壯肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)四次(ci),每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang):有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg,氮(dan)(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30~40kg,鉀(jia)化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30~40kg。有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)總用(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)50%至60%(以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)N計(ji))。每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)至11月(yue)(yue)施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)羊糞等(deng)腐(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)250kg,鈣鎂磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100kg,施(shi)(shi)入后(hou)覆土(tu)。幼年(nian)(nian)樹按(an)“薄(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)勤施(shi)(shi)、少(shao)(shao)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)次(ci)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則使(shi)用(yong)(yong)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),適當加施(shi)(shi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg+尿素10kg或(huo)(huo)(huo)復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10-20kg,著(zhu)色肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)硫(liu)酸鉀(jia)30kg+鈣肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)促進果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)(da)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形(xing)成(cheng);采(cai)后(hou)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)磷(lin)二元復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10-15kg,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恢復樹勢(shi)。 ② 微量(liang)(liang)元素肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong):發(fa)現其它缺素癥狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)株,進行(xing)(xing)(xing)針對(dui)性校正。 ③水(shui)(shui)(shui)分管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li):萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)灌(guan)(guan)透水(shui)(shui)(shui),開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)后(hou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)園內(nei)(nei)土(tu)壤(rang)過干(gan)(gan)座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不良;5~6月(yue)(yue)梅雨(yu)季(ji)節(jie),應(ying)做好(hao)開溝(gou)(gou)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)工作,7~8月(yue)(yue)高(gao)溫干(gan)(gan)旱(han),應(ying)及時(shi)(shi)灌(guan)(guan)溉,應(ying)注意少(shao)(shao)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)次(ci),均勻供水(shui)(shui)(shui)。秋季(ji)控水(shui)(shui)(shui)促枝(zhi)提(ti)早成(cheng)熟(shu),有(you)(you)(you)利花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)分化(hua)(hua)。 (4)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)芽(ya)(ya)絨球期(qi)(qi)(qi),地(di)(di)(di)面、葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)架(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)芽(ya)(ya)噴(pen)鏟除(chu)(chu)(chu)劑(ji)3~5波(bo)美(mei)(mei)度石(shi)硫(liu)合(he)(he)劑(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)30%機(ji)(ji)油·石(shi)硫(liu)乳劑(ji)800倍,對(dui)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黑(hei)痘(dou)病(bing)有(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)效,同時(shi)(shi)殺死越冬(dong)(dong)蟲(chong)(chong)卵。展葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(2葉(xie)(xie)(xie)1心(xin)(xin)期(qi)(qi)(qi))用(yong)(yong)聯(lian)(lian)苯菊(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綠盲蝽。 8~10葉(xie)(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(qi),重(zhong)(zhong)點防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)軸褐枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)兼(jian)防(fang)灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)病(bing),用(yong)(yong)70%甲(jia)基(ji)托布津或(huo)(huo)(huo)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)能靈(ling)800倍等(deng)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)后(hou),重(zhong)(zhong)點防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灰(hui)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)病(bing)、穗(sui)(sui)(sui)軸褐枯(ku)(ku)病(bing)、白腐(fu)病(bing)、白粉病(bing)、葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)透翅(chi)蛾和(he)(he)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)虎天牛(niu)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)至初花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)噴(pen)農利靈(ling)800倍或(huo)(huo)(huo)50%速克靈(ling)600倍+硼砂(sha)1000倍;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi))噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)佳樂1000-倍+磷(lin)酸二氫鉀(jia)500倍+20%氰戊菊(ju)(ju)酯(zhi)乳劑(ji)3000倍。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)套(tao)袋前(qian)重(zhong)(zhong)點防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)白腐(fu)病(bing),兼(jian)防(fang)白粉病(bing)、炭疽病(bing)、霜霉(mei)(mei)(mei)病(bing)等(deng)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害,用(yong)(yong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)倍+抑霉(mei)(mei)(mei)唑+苯醚甲(jia)環(huan)唑處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)。 (5)鳥害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)左右(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)防(fang)鳥網(wang)對(dui)槜葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)園進行(xing)(xing)(xing)覆蓋(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。 (6)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)及采(cai)后(hou)包裝 ① 產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou):按(an)照不同葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固有(you)(you)(you)特(te)(te)征適時(shi)(shi)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前(qian)對(dui)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)人員進行(xing)(xing)(xing)集中(zhong)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun),并對(dui)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)器具、運輸車輛(liang)、包裝物(wu)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)修(xiu)、清(qing)洗消毒(du),確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質、安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、無(wu)(wu)污染。收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)前(qian)應(ying)達到農藥安全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)間隔(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi),檢(jian)驗合(he)(he)格后(hou)方(fang)(fang)可采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。 ② 生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)(lu):建立浦江(jiang)(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)記錄(lu)(lu)檔案,記錄(lu)(lu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)準確(que)(que)、清(qing)晰、完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)。對(dui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)點、農業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)情(qing)況(kuang)(名稱、來源、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi))、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害發(fa)生(sheng)情(qing)況(kuang)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)、銷售等(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)、方(fang)(fang)式、數量(liang)(liang)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)詳細的(de)(de)(de)(de)記錄(lu)(lu)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面記載(zai)并妥善保(bao)(bao)(bao)存,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)備查閱(yue)。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識(shi)相關規(gui)定(ding)
(1)分(fen)級(ji)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang):按果實大小(xiao)和外觀品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)進行(xing)分(fen)級(ji)。包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)容器(qi)(qi)(筐、箱、盒(he)等(deng)(deng))要求(qiu)清潔(jie)、干燥、牢固、透(tou)氣、無污(wu)染(ran)。按照同(tong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、同(tong)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)分(fen)別包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),每批葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)其包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、質(zhi)量(liang)應一(yi)致。 (2)標識(shi)(shi):標識(shi)(shi)使(shi)用人(ren)(ren)應在(zai)(zai)(zai)其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上統(tong)一(yi)使(shi)用農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標識(shi)(shi)。包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)容器(qi)(qi)上應標明(ming)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)名、質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)級(ji)、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)名稱、規(gui)(gui)格(ge)、重(zhong)量(liang)(毛重(zhong)、凈重(zhong))、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)日期(qi)、經銷單位、檢測人(ren)(ren)員姓名或(huo)(huo)代號(hao)等(deng)(deng),并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)標記(ji)小(xiao)心輕(qing)放(fang)、怕(pa)濕(shi)、怕(pa)高(gao)溫等(deng)(deng)貯運(yun)圖示(shi)標識(shi)(shi)。 (3)運(yun)輸(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)工(gong)具應清潔(jie)衛生,采取(qu)保持品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)措施。運(yun)輸(shu)過程中(zhong),應輕(qing)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)輕(qing)放(fang),防(fang)止碰撞(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)擠壓,并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)嚴防(fang)雨淋(lin)。嚴禁與(yu)有毒、有害、有異(yi)味、易污(wu)染(ran)的(de)(de)物品(pin)(pin)(pin)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)起。 (4)標識(shi)(shi)管理(li)(li)(li):地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)(de)浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者(zhe),在(zai)(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)(huo)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上使(shi)用已獲(huo)登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)保護的(de)(de)“浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi),須(xu)向(xiang)登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)持有人(ren)(ren)提出書(shu)(shu)面申請,并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)簽訂相關(guan)合同(tong)。“浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用人(ren)(ren),要嚴格(ge)按照相關(guan)要求(qiu)來規(gui)(gui)范生產(chan)(chan),并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)統(tong)一(yi)采用產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱和農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)公共標識(shi)(shi)相結合的(de)(de)標識(shi)(shi)標注方法。“浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)持有人(ren)(ren)要加強對“浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)監督檢查、技術咨詢與(yu)服 務指(zhi)導,并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)對地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)加工(gong)過程、產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)等(deng)(deng)進行(xing)定期(qi)跟蹤檢查,實行(xing)動態管理(li)(li)(li)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)范圍內的(de)(de)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)生產(chan)(chan)經營(ying)者(zhe),未向(xiang)浦(pu)江(jiang)縣相關(guan)部(bu)門提出書(shu)(shu)面申請并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)獲(huo)得(de)批準的(de)(de)不得(de)使(shi)用“浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)標識(shi)(shi)。任何單位和個人(ren)(ren)若偽造和冒用“浦(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)” 農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標志(zhi)(zhi)標識(shi)(shi)和登(deng)(deng)(deng)記(ji)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)(shu)的(de)(de),應交由(you)相關(guan)部(bu)門依法進行(xing)處理(li)(li)(li)。