鉛酸蓄電池的特點

當鉛酸蓄電池的容量放出70%以上時(shi)就(jiu)應及時(shi)對其進(jin)行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。并且按如(ru)下三階(jie)段進(jin)行：第(di)一階(jie)段為恒(heng)(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階(jie)段為恒(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第(di)三：階(jie)段為滑(hua)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)。否(fou)則，會(hui)嚴(yan)重影響莆電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的使用壽命門前(qian)廣(guang)泛用于鉛酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的UC3842集成電路可直接(jie)驅動MOS開關管，在穩定輸(shu)出電(dian)壓的(de)(de)同時，具(ju)有(you)負(fu)載電(dian)流控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)能(neng)力（稱(cheng)其為電(dian)流控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)型開關電(dian)源(yuan)驅動(dong)器）。無疑具(ju)有(you)獨特的(de)(de)優勢：只要(yao)用極(ji)少的(de)(de)外圍元件即可實現恒壓輸(shu)出和控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。使充(chong)電(dian)器能(neng)夠(gou)按照鉛酸莆電(dian)池性能(neng)要(yao)求，達到接步驟地(di)實現智能(neng)充(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。

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鉛酸蓄電池充電器參數(shu)解讀

電動車鉛酸蓄電池組充電時，有幾個關鍵參數：最高充電電壓、浮充電壓、浮充轉換電流、最大充電電流。它們應該是多少？如何制定？其中最主要的是最高充電電壓，多少為好？與析氣量、充入電容量和環境溫度又是什么關系？對此眾說不一，各電池生產廠家的要求(qiu)也(ye)不一(yi)樣。最(zui)高充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值相對(dui)(dui)誤差范圍是多(duo)少？我們(men)(men)不能脫離實際的工作對(dui)(dui)象，盲目制(zhi)定出超常(chang)規(gui)的精(jing)度要求(qiu)。我們(men)(men)接到某電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車售后服(fu)務部通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器比規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高0.1V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池因此(ci)熱失(shi)控(kong)而充脹了；也(ye)接到通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)(zhi)說：電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓比規(gui)定定低(di)0.1V，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池欠充，提前報廢。一(yi)個(ge)千分之(zhi)幾的誤差造成(cheng)如此(ci)嚴重后果，真(zhen)是失(shi)之(zhi)毫(hao)厘，謬之(zhi)千里(li)之(zhi)外，鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池果真(zhen)有這么神(shen)秘嗎(ma)？為(wei)了解開困擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車充電(dian)(dian)(dian)中(zhong)的這個(ge)謎團，做如下實驗(yan)。

用(yong)一(yi)個水(shui)槽盛滿水(shui)，電(dian)(dian)池放在(zai)水(shui)中，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池上方(fang)有一(yi)個收集氣體用(yong)的倒扣的漏斗，漏斗頂端裝有可(ke)以計量(liang)氣體容量(liang)的注射針筒。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)用(yong)可(ke)調穩壓電(dian)(dian)源，用(yong)兩只四位(wei)半數(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)表測(ce)量(liang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓。

試(shi)驗時(shi)間(jian)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)冬季，水溫5℃。實(shi)驗條件是(shi)統一用2A電(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，最充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓分別(bie)用43V、44V、45V輪(lun)循環依次(ci)進(jin)行(xing)，浮充(chong)(chong)轉換電(dian)流一律(lv)400mA，記錄下(xia)每次(ci)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時(shi)間(jian)，包括充(chong)(chong)電(dian)末期隨時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)流下(xia)降各點數據、開始析(xi)氣電(dian)壓，按(an)時(shi)間(jian)記錄析(xi)氣量(liang)(liang)。電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)完后，用萬(wan)分之幾精度(du)的電(dian)量(liang)(liang)臺記錄放電(dian)容量(liang)(liang)。充(chong)(chong)入電(dian)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)計算紙上讀出(chu)時(shi)間(jian)電(dian)流曲線與坐標之間(jian)的面(mian)積（電(dian)容量(liang)(liang)就(jiu)是(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流對時(shi)間(jian)的定(ding)積分）。

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備注：該(gai)電池(chi)組30℃時，放電容量為10Ah。

得(de)(de)到試(shi)驗(yan)數據(ju)(ju)后(hou)，最感到驚異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)：充(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)幾(ji)乎與充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)無關。很(hen)多(duo)(duo)(duo)人認(ren)為充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)(hui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)不滿(man)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會(hui)(hui)提前鹽化(hua)報廢，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)冬季氣溫較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)。而(er)這次試(shi)驗(yan)正好(hao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)冬季，水溫只有5℃，試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)值是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)44V，上下偏差(cha)1V，相(xiang)對誤差(cha)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2.3%。在(zai)用(yong)43V和45V充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和放出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量相(xiang)差(cha)無幾(ji)，與大家(jia)公(gong)認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看法大相(xiang)徑(jing)庭，試(shi)驗(yan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)，輪番(fan)做(zuo)同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)測試(shi)，實(shi)驗(yan)數據(ju)(ju)重復同(tong)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規律，可(ke)排(pai)除偶然(ran)因素(su)干擾，試(shi)驗(yan)數據(ju)(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)準確可(ke)信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理上看，只要充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，都會(hui)(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，一直到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)轉(zhuan)換完成。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，也就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源開始(shi)由(you)恒(heng)(heng)流區轉(zhuan)變(bian)到恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)區，這種轉(zhuan)變(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自(zi)身(shen)充(chong)(chong)(chong)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)、活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)反應(ying)了多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)決(jue)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高低，僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)能進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學(xue)反應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件(jian)，只要高于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就會(hui)(hui)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，多(duo)(duo)(duo)少(shao)物質(zhi)能參與反應(ying)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)自(zi)身(shen)決(jue)定。從這個思路理解(jie)，就不難得(de)(de)出，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高低對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量沒有多(duo)(duo)(duo)大影響。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)42.5V～43.5V時(shi)(shi)開始析(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)，而析(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)速度與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有關(guan)。到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)結束時(shi)(shi)，總析(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量與(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓有關(guan)，43V與(yu)45V總析(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)量相差10位(wei)（注：以單格允許(xu)極限失水10克，18格相當(dang)240公(gong)升氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)45V時(shi)(shi)失水并不大）。 在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)區(qu)時(shi)(shi)，只要降(jiang)(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到42.5V時(shi)(shi)，析(xi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)立即停止，這時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)稍(shao)小一點(dian)，還會(hui)依著原(yuan)來(lai)的(de)規(gui)律(lv)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。

這里對(dui)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流討論(lun)一下(xia)。對(dui)于(yu)長期(qi)處(chu)于(yu)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)，如后備(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源上用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等，對(dui)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)要求(qiu)是(shi)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。據(ju)國處(chu)文獻，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有-0.2%溫度(du)系數，浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏差太(tai)大(da)會造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)鹽化。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)屬循環使(shi)用，不(bu)是(shi)處(chu)于(yu)這種狀態(tai)，不(bu)應(ying)該用套用浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態(tai)使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器設定浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)僅是(shi)免于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)末期(qi)大(da)量析氣(qi)失水(shui)，只要把電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降到析氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)以下(xia)，但也不(bu)能(neng)低于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而停止向電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。前面說(shuo)過，在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走(zou)勢基本還(huan)(huan)是(shi)依著原曲線(xian)下(xia)降，一般還(huan)(huan)補足(zu)5%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)量。所以浮(fu)(fu)(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍是(shi)低于(yu)析氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（42.5V），高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開路(lu)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（約40V）。

浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，只(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)過是選擇在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)反(fan)應接近尾聲(sheng)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流自動下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)某一(yi)點(dian)(dian)時(shi)，切換(huan)(huan)(huan)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的記號，不(bu)(bu)少(shao)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)為浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流高了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不(bu)(bu)滿是概念不(bu)(bu)清，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)只(zhi)(zhi)要高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，都會對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，只(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)過有用(yong)戶看(kan)(kan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)指示燈(deng)紅轉(zhuan)(zhuan)綠(lv)后提(ti)前(qian)去(qu)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，這種情況是不(bu)(bu)多的，一(yi)般(ban)都是夜(ye)間充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)(dao)(dao)早晨(chen)綠(lv)燈(deng)已(yi)亮(liang)了(le)多時(shi)。有的廠家使用(yong)說明書上提(ti)醒用(yong)戶，在(zai)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)綠(lv)燈(deng)后繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)2小(xiao)時(shi)，是很好(hao)很正確的。所以(yi)(yi)沒有必(bi)要刻(ke)意(yi)去(qu)追求浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)的高低，一(yi)般(ban)新(xin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)末(mo)(mo)(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為50mA，失(shi)水(shui)以(yi)(yi)后，酸比增高，那時(shi)可(ke)達500 mA以(yi)(yi)上。從析氣速率(lv)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的關系上來看(kan)(kan)（上圖），早點(dian)(dian)脫離析氣區為好(hao)，一(yi)方(fang)面，一(yi)方(fang)面可(ke)以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)析氣量(liang)，另一(yi)方(fang)面，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)用(yong)了(le)一(yi)段時(shi)間，末(mo)(mo)(mo)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流增高，但還能(neng)低于(yu)我(wo)們(men)設(she)定(ding)的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，否(fou)則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)一(yi)直在(zai)最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下，大量(liang)失(shi)水(shui)，引發熱控，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)脹充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。有人(ren)(ren)固執地強調(diao)，浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)點(dian)(dian)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)會欠充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)，前(qian)面已(yi)討論過，切換(huan)(huan)(huan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后，不(bu)(bu)是停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了(le)，還會繼續對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流適當高一(yi)點(dian)(dian)有利于(yu)避免過分失(shi)水(shui)和熱失(shi)控。

至于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)設定(ding)(ding)，先看(kan)一(yi)(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池制造廠家對10Ah（12Ah）吸(xi)附式小(xiao)型(xing)密(mi)封電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)技(ji)術要(yao)求，通常規定(ding)(ding)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速率(lv)不要(yao)大(da)于0.3C，相當(dang)于4A電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，而充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在2A左右，遠(yuan)離極限充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)范圍內大(da)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)、小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)長(chang)一(yi)(yi)點(dian)、短一(yi)(yi)點(dian)，沒有(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)要(yao)求，有(you)10%的(de)(de)誤(wu)差就行了，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)取樣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻精度是5%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)精度不會(hui)高(gao)于此。

總而言之，不(bu)管哪(na)家生產(chan)的(de)(de)鉛酸閥控吸(xi)附式小密(mi)封電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其基(ji)本結(jie)構是完(wan)全一樣的(de)(de)，僅極板(ban)、框架、滲入的(de)(de)微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)、漿料(liao)配方(fang)、硫酸濃度等有此(ci)微小差異，而在(zai)電(dian)(dian)化學(xue)方(fang)面(mian)都是一樣的(de)(de)，也就是說它(ta)們單體(ti)的(de)(de)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度（動(dong)力型）、開(kai)始析氣電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)點(dian)等，不(bu)會(hui)有顯著的(de)(de)差異。一個按照(zhao)前(qian)面(mian)所討論的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器，可(ke)適應所有品牌(pai)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，不(bu)存(cun)在(zai)匹配問(wen)題。

鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄電池充電器認識誤區

1、最高充電(dian)電(dian)壓與(yu)充入(ru)電(dian)量關系(xi)不大。

2、浮充電壓與充入(ru)電量沒關系，只要高(gao)于電池最(zui)大開(kai)路(lu)端電壓，低于開(kai)始(shi)析氣點電壓就行了。

3、浮(fu)充轉換電(dian)流(liu)，僅(jin)是切(qie)換最高充電(dian)電(dian)壓到浮(fu)充電(dian)壓的設定點(dian)，不宜(yi)過(guo)小或過(guo)大，與充電(dian)量也(ye)沒關系。

4、充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流只要(yao)(yao)不超(chao)過0.3C(對10Ah相(xiang)應(ying)為(wei)4A)都是允(yun)許的，不必要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)格要(yao)(yao)求。

所以，對于36V閥控式(shi)吸(xi)附式(shi)小密封電池組充(chong)電參(can)數推薦如下：

最高(gao)電壓(ya)：43.5V～44.8V

浮充轉換電流：300mA～500Ma

浮(fu)充電(dian)壓(ya)：41V～42V

充電電流：2A±20%

以上是對電動車鉛酸蓄電池(chi)(chi)充電中(zhong)一些認識誤區進(jin)行的試(shi)驗和分析，通(tong)過以上的試(shi)驗和分析能使廣(guang)大消(xiao)費者(zhe)知道鉛酸蓄電池(chi)(chi)充電中(zhong)應注意的一些問題，以更(geng)好地(di)正確使用充電器。