一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么
剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作保(bao)護(hu)裝置是具有漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)功能的(de)開(kai)關設備,IEC標(biao)準定名為剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作保(bao)護(hu)裝置,縮寫為RCD,我國標(biao)準準將其明確(que)為當電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)線路和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備發生單相接(jie)地故(gu)障(zhang)時,利用那這(zhe)個(ge)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)來動作切斷故(gu)障(zhang)線路和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)設備電(dian)(dian)源的(de)保(bao)護(hu)裝置。
剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器,發生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)擊時,電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不平(ping)衡,總電(dian)(dian)流(liu)不為零,線圈產生(sheng)磁場拉動(dong)觸點動(dong)作,分開電(dian)(dian)源。
二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些
1、根據動作方式分:
(1)電磁式剩余電流保護器(qi)
零(ling)序電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器的二次回路輸出(chu)電壓不經(jing)任何放大,直接激勵剩余電流(liu)(liu)脫(tuo)扣器,稱為(wei)電磁式剩余電流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器,其動(dong)作功(gong)能與線(xian)路電壓無關(guan)。
(2)電子式剩余(yu)電流保護(hu)器
零(ling)序電(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)的二次回路(lu)(lu)和脫(tuo)扣器(qi)之(zhi)間接入一個(ge)電(dian)子(zi)放大線(xian)路(lu)(lu),互感(gan)器(qi)二次回路(lu)(lu)的輸出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)經過電(dian)子(zi)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)放大后再激勵剩余電(dian)流(liu)脫(tuo)扣器(qi),稱為(wei)電(dian)子(zi)式剩余電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器(qi),其(qi)動(dong)作功能與(yu)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)電(dian)壓(ya)有(you)關(guan)。
2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分:
(1)剩余電流斷路器(qi)
剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)(qi)是檢測剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流(liu),將(jiang)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流(liu)值與基(ji)準(zhun)值相比較,當剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流(liu)值超過基(ji)準(zhun)值時(shi),使主電(dian)路觸頭斷開的機械開關電(dian)器(qi)(qi)。剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)(qi)帶有過載和短路保護,有的剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)(qi)還可帶有過電(dian)壓保護。
(2)剩余電(dian)流繼電(dian)器
剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)是檢(jian)測剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),將剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值與基(ji)準(zhun)值相(xiang)比(bi)較,當(dang)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值超過基(ji)準(zhun)值時,發(fa)出(chu)(chu)一個機械開閉(bi)信(xin)號使(shi)機械開關電(dian)(dian)器(qi)脫扣(kou)或(huo)聲光報(bao)警裝置發(fa)出(chu)(chu)報(bao)警的(de)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)常和(he)交流(liu)(liu)接觸器(qi)或(huo)低壓(ya)斷路器(qi)組成剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保護器(qi),作為農村低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)網的(de)總(zong)保護開關或(huo)分支保護開關使(shi)用。
(3)移動式(shi)剩余電流保護器(qi)
移動(dong)式(shi)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器是由(you)插頭、剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)和插座(zuo)或接線(xian)裝置(zhi)組(zu)成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器,它包(bao)括剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)插頭、移動(dong)式(shi)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)插座(zuo)、剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)插頭插座(zuo)轉換器等(deng),用(yong)來對移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器設備提(ti)供漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。
(4)固定安(an)裝的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流保護插座(zuo)
由固(gu)定式插座和(he)剩余電流(liu)保(bao)護裝置組成的(de)電器,也可對移(yi)動電器設(she)備提(ti)供漏電保(bao)護。
3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分:
(1)專業人員(yuan)使用的剩余電流保護器
這(zhe)種剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)一般額定(ding)電流(liu)比(bi)較大,作為配(pei)電裝(zhuang)置中主干線或分支線的(de)保護(hu)開關用,發生故障(zhang)影響(xiang)范圍(wei)比(bi)較大,要求由專(zhuan)業人(ren)員來安裝(zhuang)、使用和維護(hu)。剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)繼電器(qi)和大電流(liu)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)斷路(lu)器(qi)屬于這(zhe)種形式的(de)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)。
(2)家用和類(lei)似用途的剩余電流保護(hu)器
用于商用、辦公樓(lou)及城鄉居民住宅等建(jian)筑(zhu)物中的剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護器,一般額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比較小(xiao),作為終端電(dian)(dian)氣線路的漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)保護裝置,適合于非(fei)專業人員使用。主(zhu)要是(shi)家用剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)路器和移動式剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護器。
4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分:
(1)一般型剩(sheng)余電流保護器(qi)
無故(gu)障延時(shi)的剩余電流保護(hu)(hu)器,主要作為分支線路和終端線路的漏(lou)電保護(hu)(hu)裝置。
(2)延時(shi)型剩余電流保(bao)護器
專(zhuan)門設計的(de)(de)對某一剩余動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)電(dian)流值能(neng)達到一個(ge)預定的(de)(de)極限不動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)時間的(de)(de)剩余電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器。延(yan)時型剩余電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器主要作(zuo)(zuo)為主干線或分支線的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi),可以與終(zhong)端線路的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)配合,達到選擇性保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。