一、直流無刷電機結構

無刷直流電機類似(si)于有刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)機，但顧名(ming)思(si)義，無刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)機不利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)進行換(huan)向，而(er)是通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)子(zi)方式進行換(huan)向。在普通(tong)的(de)(de)有刷(shua)直流電(dian)(dian)機中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)刷(shua)用(yong)于在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)在固定磁(ci)場中(zhong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動時傳遞(di)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)功率(lv)。

無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)由兩個(ge)基本部分組(zu)成(cheng)：定(ding)(ding)(ding)子和轉子。永磁體安裝在(zai)無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的轉子上，定(ding)(ding)(ding)子被扭曲成(cheng)特(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的極數。同樣，控(kong)制無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的電(dian)路與(yu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)子繞(rao)組(zu)相關聯。逆變器、控(kong)制電(dian)路或調節器并入定(ding)(ding)(ding)子集合中(zhong)。這是無(wu)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)和典型(xing)有(you)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)之間的基本結(jie)構差異。

無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機是一(yi)種直流（DC）電(dian)機，無需傳統有刷(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機的(de)(de)機械電(dian)刷(shua)(shua)(shua)和換向器即可(ke)工(gong)作(zuo)。盡(jin)管初始成本較高(gao)(gao)，但與有刷(shua)(shua)(shua)電(dian)機相比(bi)，它具有特(te)別(bie)有利的(de)(de)環境，并且從長遠來看效率(lv)更高(gao)(gao)。無刷(shua)(shua)(shua)發動機用(yong)于(yu)非開挖(wa)施工(gong)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)部分。

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二、無刷直流電機工作原理

無(wu)刷直流電機主要(yao)由用永磁材料(liao)制造(zao)的(de)轉子、帶有線圈繞(rao)組的(de)定子和位置傳感器（可(ke)有可(ke)無(wu)）組成。

無刷直流電機的(de)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)是線圈繞組電(dian)(dian)樞，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)是永磁體。如果(guo)只(zhi)給電(dian)(dian)機通以固定(ding)的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)流，則電(dian)(dian)機只(zhi)能(neng)產生(sheng)不(bu)變的(de)磁場(chang)，電(dian)(dian)機不(bu)能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動起來，只(zhi)有實(shi)時(shi)檢測(ce)電(dian)(dian)機轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)位置(zhi)，再(zai)根據轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)位置(zhi)給電(dian)(dian)機的(de)不(bu)同相通以對應的(de)電(dian)(dian)流，使定(ding)子(zi)(zi)產生(sheng)方向均勻變化的(de)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)磁場(chang)，電(dian)(dian)機才可以跟著磁場(chang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動起來。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)定(ding)(ding)子的線圈中心抽(chou)頭接電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源POWER，各相的端點接功率管(guan)(guan)(guan)，位置傳感(gan)器導通(tong)(tong)時使功率管(guan)(guan)(guan)的G極(ji)接12V，功率管(guan)(guan)(guan)導通(tong)(tong)，對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的相線圈被通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于三個位置傳感(gan)器隨著轉(zhuan)子的轉(zhuan)動，會依(yi)次導通(tong)(tong)，使得對(dui)(dui)應(ying)的相線圈也依(yi)次通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，從(cong)而定(ding)(ding)子產生的磁(ci)場方向也不斷地變(bian)化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子也跟著轉(zhuan)動起來。