一、骨科手術器械有多少種

骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)器(qi)械，一般指(zhi)專門用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)手術的(de)專業醫療器(qi)械。按國家食品藥品監(jian)督管理局的(de)分(fen)類分(fen)為一類、二(er)類和三(san)類。按照(zhao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和性能主要分(fen)為骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)剪、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉗、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉤、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)針、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刮、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)錐(zhui)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鑿、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銼、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)有用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有源器(qi)械等。下(xia)面簡單(dan)介紹(shao)四(si)種(zhong)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)器(qi)械：

（一）骨科用刀

1、截骨(gu)刀：通常(chang)由刀片和(he)手(shou)柄組成，遠端具(ju)有剛性的(de)(de)，鋒利的(de)(de)單刃(ren)切割(ge)刀片，手(shou)柄位于其近端。它通常(chang)由不銹鋼制(zhi)成。用于切割(ge)和(he)切割(ge)骨(gu)骼。

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2、矯形內窺(kui)鏡刀：通常由(you)頭(tou)部(bu)，桿和手(shou)柄組成(cheng)，頭(tou)部(bu)是刀片(pian)，其由(you)手(shou)柄傳遞和控制(zhi)(zhi)以控制(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)部(bu)工作(zuo)(zuo)。頭(tou)部(bu)通常由(you)不銹鋼制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)。該操作(zuo)(zuo)在手(shou)術(shu)期間(jian)在內窺(kui)鏡下(xia)進行，并且(qie)用于整形外科(ke)的微創手(shou)術(shu)，并且(qie)切除并剝離患(huan)病組織。例如(ru)，椎(zhui)間(jian)盤擴(kuo)孔器(qi)，關節鏡手(shou)術(shu)刀。

3、擴(kuo)孔(kong)用刀：通常由(you)不(bu)銹鋼制成(cheng)，由(you)鉸刀和夾(jia)緊手(shou)柄或帶有鉸孔(kong)切削刃的刀頭(tou)組成(cheng)，用于在整形外科(ke)手(shou)術期間對椎間盤進行擴(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)孔(kong)或擴(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)孔(kong)和擴(kuo)大髓腔。

（二）骨科用錐

1、開(kai)口用錐(zhui)：通(tong)常由頭(tou)部和(he)帶有切割設計的(de)(de)手柄組成。頭(tou)部通(tong)常由不(bu)銹鋼制(zhi)成，用于在整形外科手術期間打開(kai)骨(gu)頭(tou)上的(de)(de)孔(kong)。

2、攻(gong)絲用(yong)錐：通(tong)(tong)(tong)常由刀(dao)片(pian)和(he)手柄(bing)組(zu)成。刀(dao)片(pian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常由不(bu)銹鋼制(zhi)成，手柄(bing)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常由不(bu)銹鋼或(huo)鋁制(zhi)成。用(yong)于敲擊骨(gu)骼中的螺紋(wen)孔進行(xing)整形外科(ke)手術。

（三）骨科用鉤

1、骨(gu)(gu)科用(yong)鉤(gou)的拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)通常由頭部(bu)和柄部(bu)組成，頭部(bu)帶鉤(gou)頭。一般采用(yong)不銹鋼材(cai)料制成。用(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)科手(shou)術(shu)中顯(xian)露手(shou)術(shu)視野，使手(shou)術(shu)易于進行，并保護組織，避免意外損傷；或用(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)科手(shou)術(shu)中剝離(li)、牽開(kai)或遮擋神(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)根(gen)(gen)。常見(jian)的有骨(gu)(gu)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、單側椎板(ban)(ban)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、下肢截斷拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、半月(yue)板(ban)(ban)鉤(gou)、頸椎拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、椎板(ban)(ban)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、彎曲拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、腹腔S拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、髖關節拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、膝關節拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、肩胛骨(gu)(gu)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、骨(gu)(gu)科用(yong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)根(gen)(gen)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、（椎間）神(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)根(gen)(gen)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、脊柱手(shou)術(shu)用(yong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)拉(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)、脊柱手(shou)術(shu)用(yong)神(shen)(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)檔鉤(gou)。

2、牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)通(tong)常為各種形式(shi)(shi)（如鈍型(xing)、銳型(xing)、開(kai)(kai)窗型(xing)、深型(xing)）的鉤狀結構，手(shou)動操作、自(zi)鎖(suo)式(shi)(shi)手(shou)術器(qi)(qi)械。一般采用(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼材料制成(cheng)。用(yong)于骨(gu)科(ke)手(shou)術中顯露(lu)手(shou)術視野(ye)，使(shi)手(shou)術易于進行，并保護組織(zhi)，避免意外損傷(shang)。常見的有骨(gu)用(yong)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、手(shou)搖式(shi)(shi)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、多向(xiang)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、雙向(xiang)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、可調式(shi)(shi)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、微(wei)創(chuang)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、脛骨(gu)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、關節(jie)微(wei)創(chuang)牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)、后顱牽開(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)等。

3、骨鉤通常(chang)由鉤和手柄組成。鉤的頭部一般采用不(bu)銹鋼材(cai)料制(zhi)成。用于矯形外科手術(shu)時提拉骨骼。

（四）骨科用刮

1、骨科內(nei)窺鏡用(yong)刮匙關節鏡用(yong)手(shou)術(shu)(shu)刮匙通常由(you)頭(tou)部(bu)、桿部(bu)或軟(ruan)性導(dao)管(guan)和手(shou)柄(bing)組(zu)成，頭(tou)部(bu)為匙形，通過手(shou)柄(bing)操作(zuo)傳遞、控制頭(tou)部(bu)工作(zuo)。頭(tou)部(bu)一般采用(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼材(cai)料制成。手(shou)術(shu)(shu)中(zhong)在內(nei)窺鏡下操作(zuo)，用(yong)于骨科微創手(shou)術(shu)(shu)中(zhong)，對(dui)病(bing)變(bian)組(zu)織(zhi)進行刮削(xue)。

2、刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)通常由頭部(bu)和柄(bing)部(bu)組(zu)成(cheng)。在近端有手柄(bing)，遠(yuan)端為具(ju)鋒利(li)邊緣的(de)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)形凹尖，也可以是(shi)雙端的(de)。一般(ban)采用不(bu)銹鋼材料(liao)制成(cheng)。用于刮(gua)(gua)(gua)除病灶、竇道(dao)內的(de)瘢痕、肉芽組(zu)織(zhi)，以及骨(gu)(gu)(gu)腔(qiang)和潛在腔(qiang)隙的(de)死(si)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)或(huo)病理(li)組(zu)織(zhi)等。常見的(de)有刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、空心(xin)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、直杯狀骨(gu)(gu)(gu)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎板(ban)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、頸椎刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎體(ti)成(cheng)形用刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)器、終板(ban)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎體(ti)刮(gua)(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、刮(gua)(gua)(gua)刀等

二、手術器械應該如何選擇

選擇手術器械可以從品牌的實力看，畢(bi)竟醫療手術器械(xie)的應(ying)用比較廣，使用要求也比較高(gao)，為(wei)保(bao)障手術的順利(li)進行，自然(ran)在器械(xie)的挑選(xuan)上就有非常高(gao)的要求。

首先可以(yi)了(le)解器(qi)械(xie)品(pin)牌是否有良好(hao)的(de)(de)基礎實力(li)，是否能夠(gou)有好(hao)的(de)(de)技術(shu)支持，是否有好(hao)的(de)(de)加(jia)工制作(zuo)等等。在綜(zong)合手術(shu)器(qi)械(xie)品(pin)牌實力(li)等，挑選到安(an)全性高、精密性好(hao)的(de)(de)手術(shu)器(qi)械(xie)，對手術(shu)的(de)(de)順利進行(xing)也會有很好(hao)幫助。

同(tong)時還要看好不(bu)同(tong)器械(xie)品牌提供的醫(yi)療手(shou)術器械(xie)規(gui)格型(xing)號、組合搭配等，看是否具有良好的應用保障。從而能夠選擇到合適的手(shou)術器械(xie)，應用安全，手(shou)術操(cao)作也都更為順利。