一、電子簽名是什么意思

電子簽名是指數據電(dian)(dian)文中(zhong)(zhong)以電(dian)(dian)子形(xing)式(shi)所含、所附用于(yu)識別簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)人身份并(bing)表(biao)明簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)人認可其中(zhong)(zhong)內容的(de)(de)(de)數據。通俗點說(shuo)，電(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)就(jiu)是通過(guo)密碼技術對(dui)電(dian)(dian)子文檔的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)子形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)，并(bing)非(fei)是書面簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)數字圖(tu)像化，它類似于(yu)手寫簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)或印(yin)章，也(ye)可以說(shuo)它就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)子印(yin)章。電(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)用途：在電(dian)(dian)子版的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)秋賀卡(ka)，結婚(hun)請(qing)帖，建筑合同上簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)是現代認證(zheng)(zheng)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)泛(fan)(fan)稱，美(mei)國(guo)《統一電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)交易法》規(gui)(gui)定，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”泛(fan)(fan)指“與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)記錄相(xiang)(xiang)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)在邏(luo)(luo)輯(ji)上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)聯的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)聲音(yin)、符(fu)號(hao)(hao)或(huo)程序，而該電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)聲音(yin)、符(fu)號(hao)(hao)或(huo)程序是某(mou)(mou)人為簽(qian)(qian)(qian)署電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)記錄的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)而簽(qian)(qian)(qian)訂或(huo)采用的(de)(de)(de)(de)”；聯合國(guo)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)務示范法》中規(gui)(gui)定，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)是包含、附加在某(mou)(mou)一數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)內，或(huo)邏(luo)(luo)輯(ji)上(shang)與(yu)某(mou)(mou)一數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)相(xiang)(xiang)聯系的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)，它能被用來證(zheng)(zheng)實與(yu)此數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)有關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)身份，并表明該簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人認可(ke)該數據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)所載信(xin)息；歐盟的(de)(de)(de)(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)指令》規(gui)(gui)定，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)”泛(fan)(fan)指“與(yu)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)記錄相(xiang)(xiang)連的(de)(de)(de)(de)或(huo)在邏(luo)(luo)輯(ji)上(shang)相(xiang)(xiang)連并以此作(zuo)為認證(zheng)(zheng)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式(shi)數據(ju)。”

從上述定義來看(kan)，凡是(shi)能在電子通訊中，起到證(zheng)明當事(shi)人的(de)身份、證(zheng)明當事(shi)人對文件內容的(de)認可的(de)電子技(ji)術(shu)(shu)手(shou)段，都(dou)可被稱為電子簽名，電子簽名即現代認證(zheng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)一般性概念，它是(shi)電子商(shang)務安全的(de)重(zhong)要保障手(shou)段。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電子簽名和手寫簽名的區別

1、含義不同

手(shou)寫簽名(ming)在日常(chang)生活中隨處可見(jian)，簡單來說(shuo)就是親筆書(shu)寫自己的(de)名(ming)字(zi)，在紙(zhi)質文檔上使用手(shou)寫簽名(ming)主要(yao)用以確定(ding)簽字(zi)者的(de)身份，并表示簽字(zi)者同意所簽署文檔中規定(ding)的(de)內容，對文檔的(de)真實性負責(ze)，且具有(you)法律效力。

而電子(zi)簽(qian)名通(tong)俗來講(jiang)，就是通(tong)過密碼技(ji)術在電子(zi)文檔(dang)上加載的電子(zi)形式的簽(qian)名，可以輕松驗證(zheng)簽(qian)約主體的身份信息和(he)簽(qian)名信息，以及原文在傳(chuan)輸(shu)過程中(zhong)是否發生過改動。值得一提的是，根據(ju)《電子(zi)簽(qian)名法》規定，可靠的電子(zi)簽(qian)名與手寫簽(qian)名或者蓋章具有同等的法律效力。

2、適用范圍不同

電子簽名文件的(de)(de)適用(yong)(yong)范圍稍有局限，目前還不(bu)能適用(yong)(yong)于涉及(ji)(ji)婚姻、收養、繼承等人身關系；涉及(ji)(ji)停止供水、供熱(re)、供氣、供電等公用(yong)(yong)事業(ye)服務(wu)；以及(ji)(ji)法律、行政(zheng)法規規定的(de)(de)不(bu)適用(yong)(yong)電子文書的(de)(de)其(qi)他情形。而手寫簽名文件適用(yong)(yong)范圍不(bu)限。

3、簽署方式不同

在電子文(wen)件(jian)上簽(qian)署(shu)(shu)(shu)電子簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)，就是用私鑰對電子文(wen)件(jian)及與其一(yi)起(qi)存(cun)儲(chu)的(de)(de)電子文(wen)件(jian)消息摘要數據進行加(jia)密，包括(kuo)自動簽(qian)署(shu)(shu)(shu)、點擊簽(qian)署(shu)(shu)(shu)、短信簽(qian)署(shu)(shu)(shu)、視頻(pin)簽(qian)署(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)多種方式(shi)。而手寫簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)在各種紙質文(wen)件(jian)上書(shu)寫的(de)(de)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)具有明顯的(de)(de)個(ge)性特征。

4、簽署樣式不同

電子(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名一(yi)般(ban)常用(yong)的(de)(de)是圖(tu)形(xing)/圖(tu)像(xiang)式，即(ji)有(you)(you)個(ge)體特征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)手(shou)寫簽(qian)(qian)名文字構(gou)成的(de)(de)圖(tu)形(xing)或(huo)印章圖(tu)像(xiang)（但電子(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名的(de)(de)效力(li)并非基于圖(tu)形(xing)或(huo)圖(tu)像(xiang)本身，而(er)在于背后的(de)(de)數字證書）。而(er)手(shou)寫簽(qian)(qian)名就(jiu)是有(you)(you)個(ge)體特征(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)手(shou)寫體文字。

5、驗證方式不同

電子簽名驗證(zheng)(zheng)人擁有或可(ke)以直接(jie)訪問電(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字證(zheng)(zheng)書（內含公鑰），以驗證(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)子(zi)文件中(zhong)簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)偽及簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人的(de)(de)(de)身(shen)份(fen)。經(jing)CA機構頒發的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)字證(zheng)(zheng)書，可(ke)作為(wei)網(wang)上身(shen)份(fen)證(zheng)(zheng)明的(de)(de)(de)依據，具有不(bu)(bu)可(ke)否(fou)認(ren)(ren)性。而手寫簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)通(tong)過目(mu)視比較、識別手寫體簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)個體特(te)征信息(xi)及其筆跡，從而確(que)認(ren)(ren)手寫簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)真(zhen)偽。為(wei)增強手寫簽(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性及不(bu)(bu)可(ke)否(fou)認(ren)(ren)性，需要辦理公證(zheng)(zheng)，產(chan)生(sheng)額外的(de)(de)(de)成本。