電風(feng)扇工作原(yuan)理及檢修(xiu)

風扇的分類：

散熱風扇通(tong)常分為以下三類(lei)：

軸流(liu)式：氣流(liu)出口方(fang)向與軸心方(fang)向相(xiang)同(tong)。

離心式：利用離心力作用將(jiang)氣(qi)流(liu)沿著葉片向外甩出。

混流(liu)式：擁有(you)以上(shang)兩種氣(qi)流(liu)方式。

電風扇電路圖

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

以(yi)上是(shi)比較常見(jian)的家用電(dian)風扇(shan)的電(dian)路圖，從(cong)中我們也不(bu)(bu)難看出它的一些(xie)原理，但是(shi)現在電(dian)風扇(shan)產品越(yue)來越(yue)多，其電(dian)路圖也越(yue)來越(yue)復雜，但是(shi)還是(shi)萬(wan)變(bian)不(bu)(bu)離其中。

電風扇工作原理

電(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)(shan)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)是交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，主要的(de)工作原理(li)就是通電(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)在磁場中受(shou)力而轉動。電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化為機械能，轉動風葉(xie)，同時由(you)于線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，會產生(sheng)一些熱能，所以一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)(shan)使用過久表面會熱。電(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)(shan)的(de)原理(li)比(bi)較簡單，一般(ban)在初中的(de)物理(li)課程上都(dou)會學到。

電風扇轉不動的原因

首先還是要確定一下是不是一些外部原因。諸如插頭沒有插好，風扇開關沒有全部開啟，一般的風扇還應該注意是否定時的關掉了，如果這些都沒有問題的話，就可能是電風扇扇本身的原因。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇本身的(de)原因可能包括了(le)風(feng)(feng)葉(xie)可能太久了(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)內阻變(bian)大，導(dao)致(zhi)風(feng)(feng)葉(xie)無法正常(chang)轉(zhuan)動；風(feng)(feng)扇過熱(re)引起了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機帶負(fu)載(zai)能力變(bian)差，導(dao)致(zhi)無法轉(zhuan)動；電(dian)(dian)(dian)機內部(bu)的(de)保護裝(zhuang)置過熱(re)短(duan)路；電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)啟動電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)容(rong)量變(bian)小；電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇轉(zhuan)軸軸向間隙過大也會引發電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇問(wen)題(ti)。

電風扇轉不動的修理方法

先檢查一(yi)(yi)下(xia)電(dian)(dian)風扇以外的(de)(de)問(wen)題是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)全部都弄妥當了；然后如果是(shi)風葉不(bu)轉的(de)(de)話(hua)就(jiu)關閉電(dian)(dian)源，在風葉轉動的(de)(de)軸上面加(jia)一(yi)(yi)些潤滑油；其(qi)他的(de)(de)問(wen)題可能就(jiu)會(hui)涉及(ji)到更換軸套、拆換電(dian)(dian)容、調整墊片、電(dian)(dian)線損壞更換電(dian)(dian)線等問(wen)題，一(yi)(yi)般不(bu)是(shi)專業的(de)(de)人員就(jiu)要請維修師傅(fu)來看一(yi)(yi)下(xia)了，不(bu)過一(yi)(yi)般也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)好大的(de)(de)問(wen)題，也(ye)花不(bu)了多少錢。

散熱風扇的原理及性能

原理：風扇的(de)工作原理是按(an)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉化來實現的(de)，即(ji)：電(dian)能(neng)(neng)→電(dian)磁(ci)能(neng)(neng)→機械能(neng)(neng)→動能(neng)(neng)。其電(dian)路原理一(yi)般分為多種形式，采用的(de)電(dian)路不同(tong)，風扇的(de)性能(neng)(neng)就會有差異。

轉 速：轉(zhuan)速指風扇(shan)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的速度，通常(chang)以1分鐘內(nei)轉(zhuan)動(dong)的圈數(shu)來衡量，即(ji)：rpm。轉(zhuan)速與機電繞線匝數(shu)、線徑(jing)、扇(shan)葉(xie)葉(xie)輪外(wai)徑(jing)與底徑(jing)，葉(xie)片形狀及所(suo)用軸承等(deng)因素(su)有關，轉(zhuan)速增(zeng)(zeng)大，風量相應增(zeng)(zeng)大。

轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)值(zhi)的大小(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定程度(du)上代(dai)表了風(feng)(feng)量(liang)的大小(xiao)，在(zai)(zai)條件一(yi)定時，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)越(yue)大，則噪音及振動會相(xiang)應(ying)加大，因此，在(zai)(zai)風(feng)(feng)量(liang)滿(man)足散(san)熱要求(qiu)的情況下，應(ying)盡量(liang)使用低轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)。一(yi)般(ban)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)大小(xiao)(以DC軸(zhou)流風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)為例(li))：2510風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)7000～12000rpm；3010風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)5000～9000rpm；4010風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)5000～7000rpm；5010風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)3500～5000rpm；6025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2600～4500rpm；7025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2400～3600rpm；8025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2000～3500rpm；9225風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)1600～3100rpm；12025風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)1500～2500rpm；12038風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)2000～3200rpm。

風扇轉(zhuan)速(su)可在(zai)啟動電腦(nao)時(shi)通(tong)(tong)過BIOS測(ce)試(shi)，或通(tong)(tong)過其他主板自帶的監控軟件測(ce)試(shi)；也可以通(tong)(tong)過轉(zhuan)速(su)測(ce)試(shi)儀測(ce)試(shi)。注意(yi)：前兩種方式必(bi)須是支持測(ce)速(su)功能的風扇才能測(ce)出。

風量與風壓：風量(liang)與(yu)風壓的測試(shi)方法有兩種，一是(shi)用風洞儀測試(shi)，另一種是(shi)用雙(shuang)箱法測。但對于一般用戶而言，沒有這樣的設(she)備。只能根據廠家提供(gong)的數據作為(wei)參考，最終要看降(jiang)溫(wen)效果。

風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)：風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)是(shi)指風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度之積(ji)。通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)是(shi)出口面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)減(jian)去渦舌處的投影面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度是(shi)氣流(liu)通(tong)過整個平面(mian)(mian)(mian)的氣體運動速(su)度，單位(wei)是(shi)m3/s 。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度一(yi)定(ding)時(shi),扇葉葉輪外徑越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)則(ze)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度由轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子的轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)和風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓決(jue)定(ding)。通(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi)，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)度越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)(liang)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，空(kong)氣吸熱量(liang)(liang)則(ze)越(yue)(yue)大(da)(da)，空(kong)氣流(liu)動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移(yi)時(shi)能夠帶周能帶走更多的熱量(liang)(liang)，扇熱效果越(yue)(yue)明顯。

風壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：為進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)正常通風，需(xu)要(yao)克(ke)服(fu)風扇通風行(xing)(xing)(xing)程內的(de)(de)阻力(li)(li)，風扇必須產生克(ke)服(fu)送(song)風阻力(li)(li)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，測量到的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)值(zhi)稱(cheng)為靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，即(ji)最大靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與大氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。它是(shi)氣(qi)體對平行(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)物體表面(mian)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)，靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)通過垂直(zhi)于(yu)其(qi)表面(mian)的(de)(de)孔測量出來的(de)(de)。把氣(qi)體流動(dong)中所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)動(dong)能(neng)轉化(hua)(hua)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)形式稱(cheng)為動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。

為(wei)(wei)實現送風(feng)的(de)目(mu)的(de)，需(xu)要有(you)靜壓(ya)(ya)和動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)。全(quan)(quan)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)靜壓(ya)(ya)與動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)代數和，全(quan)(quan)壓(ya)(ya)是(shi)指由風(feng)扇所(suo)給定的(de)的(de)全(quan)(quan)壓(ya)(ya)增(zeng)加量，即(ji)(ji)風(feng)扇的(de)出口和進口之間(jian)的(de)全(quan)(quan)壓(ya)(ya)之差。在實際(ji)應用中，標稱的(de)最(zui)大風(feng)量值并不是(shi)實際(ji)扇熱(re)片(pian)得(de)到(dao)的(de)送風(feng)量，風(feng)量大，并不代表通(tong)風(feng)能力強。因(yin)空氣(qi)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，氣(qi)流(liu)在其(qi)流(liu)動(dong)(dong)路(lu)徑會遇上扇熱(re)稽片(pian)或元件的(de)阻(zu)(zu)擾，其(qi)阻(zu)(zu)抗會限(xian)制空氣(qi)自由流(liu)通(tong)。即(ji)(ji)風(feng)量增(zeng)大時(shi)，風(feng)壓(ya)(ya)會減(jian)小(xiao)。因(yin)此必須有(you)一個最(zui)佳(jia)操作(zuo)工作(zuo)點(dian)，即(ji)(ji)風(feng)扇性能曲(qu)(qu)線與風(feng)阻(zu)(zu)曲(qu)(qu)線的(de)交點(dian)。在工作(zuo)點(dian)，風(feng)扇特性曲(qu)(qu)線之斜率(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)小(xiao)，而系統(tong)特性曲(qu)(qu)線之變(bian)化率(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)低。注(zhu)意此時(shi)的(de)風(feng)扇靜態效率(lv)(lv)(lv)(風(feng)量×風(feng)壓(ya)(ya)÷耗(hao)電)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)。 當然有(you)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)了能減(jian)少(shao)系統(tong)阻(zu)(zu)抗，甚至選用尺寸較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)風(feng)扇，也(ye)可(ke)以獲得(de)相同的(de)風(feng)量。

風扇的軸承系統：

風扇的(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)一(yi)般建(jian)議最好選用(yong)(yong)(yong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，因為(wei)(wei)(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱(re)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)壽(shou)命通(tong)常取(qu)決(jue)于其軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性，滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)已被(bei)證實具有高效率與(yu)低(di)生熱(re)的(de)(de)特點。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屬滾(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，由金(jin)屬珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)，接觸面小，摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)小；而(er)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，接觸面大(da)(da)，長期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)后，油(you)(you)(you)會揮發，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)容易磨損，摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)，后期噪音較(jiao)大(da)(da)，壽(shou)命短。品質好的(de)(de)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)除(chu)了通(tong)風(feng)量大(da)(da)、風(feng)壓高以(yi)外，可(ke)靠性也是非常重要(yao)的(de)(de)，風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形式在此顯(xian)得非常重要(yao)。高速風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)律(lv)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Ball bearing)而(er)低(di)速風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)則使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)成(cheng)(cheng)本低(di)廉的(de)(de)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Sleeve bearing)。含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)只用(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；而(er)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)都需要(yao)兩(liang)個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，單滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是“1 Ball + 1 Sleeve”，依然帶有含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)分。比(bi)單滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)更高級的(de)(de)是雙(shuang)(shuang)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，即Two Balls。含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽(shou)命一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)10000小時(shi)(shi)，單滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)30000小時(shi)(shi)，雙(shuang)(shuang)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)50000小時(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(環(huan)境溫度均設定(ding)在25℃以(yi)下時(shi)(shi))。風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由銅基粉末燒結而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需加潤滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)以(yi)減少滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)數(shu)(shu),潤滑(hua)(hua)油(you)(you)(you)由鋰(li)基潤滑(hua)(hua)脂加特制機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)調(diao)制而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。隨著長時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)會揮發而(er)變干，摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)增大(da)(da)，風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)受影響，可(ke)能出現(xian)異音，轉(zhuan)速偏(pian)慢甚至(zhi)不轉(zhuan)現(xian)象。而(er)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由滾(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)取(qu)代(dai)了滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)小并克服了摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)(xi)(xi)數(shu)(shu)容易變的(de)(de)缺點，因而(er)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)穩定(ding)性強，壽(shou)命相對要(yao)長得多。