電風扇工(gong)作原理及檢修

風扇的分類：

散熱風扇通常(chang)分為以下(xia)三(san)類：

軸流(liu)(liu)式：氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)出口方向(xiang)與軸心方向(xiang)相同。

離心式：利用(yong)離心力作用(yong)將氣流沿著(zhu)葉片向(xiang)外甩出。

混流式：擁有以上兩種氣流方式。

電風扇電路圖

該圖片由注冊用戶"力與美"提供，版權聲明反饋

以上是(shi)(shi)比較常見的家用電風扇的電路圖，從中(zhong)我們也不(bu)難看出它的一(yi)些原理(li)，但是(shi)(shi)現在電風扇產品(pin)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)多，其(qi)電路圖也越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)復雜(za)，但是(shi)(shi)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)萬變不(bu)離其(qi)中(zhong)。

電風扇工作原理

電(dian)(dian)風扇中(zhong)的電(dian)(dian)流是(shi)交流電(dian)(dian)，主要(yao)的工作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li)(li)就是(shi)通電(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)在磁場中(zhong)受力(li)而轉(zhuan)動。電(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉(zhuan)化為機械能(neng)，轉(zhuan)動風葉，同時(shi)由于線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)阻，會產生一(yi)些熱能(neng)，所以(yi)一(yi)般電(dian)(dian)風扇使用(yong)過久表面會熱。電(dian)(dian)風扇的原(yuan)理(li)(li)比較簡單，一(yi)般在初中(zhong)的物(wu)理(li)(li)課(ke)程(cheng)上都會學(xue)到。

電風扇轉不動的原因

首先還是要確定一下是不是一些外部原因。諸如插頭沒有插好，風扇開關沒有全部開啟，一般的風扇還應該注意是否定時的關掉了，如果這些都沒有問題的話，就可能是電風扇扇本身的原因。

電風(feng)扇(shan)本身(shen)的(de)原因可(ke)能包括了風(feng)葉可(ke)能太久了，電機(ji)的(de)內阻變(bian)大，導致(zhi)風(feng)葉無法正常(chang)轉動(dong)；風(feng)扇(shan)過(guo)熱引起了電機(ji)帶負載能力變(bian)差，導致(zhi)無法轉動(dong)；電機(ji)內部的(de)保護裝(zhuang)置過(guo)熱短路；電風(feng)扇(shan)的(de)啟動(dong)電容(rong)容(rong)量變(bian)小；電風(feng)扇(shan)轉軸軸向間隙過(guo)大也會引發(fa)電風(feng)扇(shan)問題。

電風扇轉不動的修理方法

先檢查(cha)一下電(dian)(dian)風扇以外的問題是(shi)不是(shi)全部都弄妥當了；然后如果是(shi)風葉不轉的話就關閉電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，在風葉轉動的軸上面加一些潤(run)滑油；其他的問題可能就會涉及到(dao)更換(huan)軸套(tao)、拆換(huan)電(dian)(dian)容、調(diao)整墊片(pian)、電(dian)(dian)線損壞(huai)更換(huan)電(dian)(dian)線等(deng)問題，一般(ban)不是(shi)專業(ye)的人員就要請維(wei)修師傅(fu)來看一下了，不過一般(ban)也(ye)不是(shi)好大的問題，也(ye)花不了多少錢。

散熱風扇的原理及性能

原理：風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)工作原理(li)是按能(neng)量轉化來實現(xian)的(de)，即(ji)：電能(neng)→電磁能(neng)→機械(xie)能(neng)→動能(neng)。其電路原理(li)一般分為多種形式，采用的(de)電路不同(tong)，風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)性(xing)能(neng)就(jiu)會(hui)有(you)差異。

轉 速：轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速指風(feng)扇旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的速度，通常以1分鐘內轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動的圈數(shu)來(lai)衡量(liang)，即(ji)：rpm。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速與機(ji)電繞線(xian)匝數(shu)、線(xian)徑(jing)、扇葉(xie)葉(xie)輪外徑(jing)與底徑(jing)，葉(xie)片形(xing)狀及所用軸承等因素有關，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速增大，風(feng)量(liang)相應增大。

轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速值的大(da)(da)小(xiao)，在一定(ding)程度上代表(biao)了風(feng)量的大(da)(da)小(xiao)，在條件一定(ding)時，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速越(yue)大(da)(da)，則噪音及振動會相應(ying)加大(da)(da)，因此，在風(feng)量滿足散(san)熱(re)要求的情況(kuang)下，應(ying)盡量使用低轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)。一般轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速大(da)(da)小(xiao)(以(yi)DC軸(zhou)流風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)為例(li))：2510風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)7000～12000rpm；3010風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)5000～9000rpm；4010風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)5000～7000rpm；5010風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)3500～5000rpm；6025風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)2600～4500rpm；7025風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)2400～3600rpm；8025風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)2000～3500rpm；9225風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)1600～3100rpm；12025風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)1500～2500rpm；12038風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)2000～3200rpm。

風(feng)扇(shan)轉(zhuan)速可在啟動電(dian)腦時通(tong)過BIOS測(ce)試(shi)(shi)，或(huo)通(tong)過其他主板自(zi)帶的監控軟件(jian)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)；也可以通(tong)過轉(zhuan)速測(ce)試(shi)(shi)儀測(ce)試(shi)(shi)。注意(yi)：前兩種(zhong)方式必須是支持測(ce)速功能的風(feng)扇(shan)才能測(ce)出。

風量與風壓：風量與風壓(ya)的測試方(fang)法有兩種，一(yi)是用風洞儀測試，另一(yi)種是用雙箱法測。但(dan)對(dui)于一(yi)般用戶而言，沒有這樣的設備。只(zhi)能(neng)根據廠家提供的數據作為(wei)參考，最終要看降溫效(xiao)果。

風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量：風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量是指風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)(su)度(du)之積(ji)(ji)。通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)是出口面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)減去(qu)渦舌處(chu)的(de)投影(ying)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)(su)度(du)是氣(qi)流通(tong)(tong)過整(zheng)個平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)氣(qi)體運動速(su)(su)度(du)，單(dan)位是m3/s 。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)(su)度(du)一定(ding)時(shi)(shi),扇葉(xie)(xie)葉(xie)(xie)輪外徑越(yue)大，通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)越(yue)大，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量則越(yue)大。平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)(su)度(du)由轉(zhuan)子的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)和(he)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓決定(ding)。通(tong)(tong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)一定(ding)時(shi)(shi)，平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)速(su)(su)度(du)越(yue)大，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量越(yue)大。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量越(yue)大，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)吸熱(re)量則越(yue)大，空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)流動轉(zhuan)移時(shi)(shi)能夠帶周(zhou)能帶走更多的(de)熱(re)量，扇熱(re)效果(guo)越(yue)明顯。

風壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)：為(wei)(wei)進行(xing)正常通風，需要克服風扇(shan)通風行(xing)程內的(de)阻(zu)力，風扇(shan)必須產生克服送風阻(zu)力的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力，測量(liang)到(dao)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力的(de)變化(hua)值稱為(wei)(wei)靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，即最大靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與大氣(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。它是(shi)氣(qi)體對平(ping)行(xing)于(yu)物體表面作用(yong)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力，靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)通過(guo)垂直于(yu)其表面的(de)孔測量(liang)出來的(de)。把氣(qi)體流動中所需要動能(neng)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力形(xing)式稱為(wei)(wei)動壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。

為實(shi)(shi)現送風(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，需要有(you)(you)(you)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。全壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代數和，全壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是指(zhi)由風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇所給定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)增(zeng)加量，即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口和進口之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)差。在(zai)實(shi)(shi)際應用(yong)中，標稱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大風(feng)(feng)(feng)量值并不(bu)是實(shi)(shi)際扇熱(re)(re)片(pian)得(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)送風(feng)(feng)(feng)量，風(feng)(feng)(feng)量大，并不(bu)代表通風(feng)(feng)(feng)能力強(qiang)。因(yin)(yin)空氣流動(dong)(dong)時(shi)，氣流在(zai)其流動(dong)(dong)路徑會遇上扇熱(re)(re)稽片(pian)或(huo)元件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻擾，其阻抗會限(xian)制空氣自由流通。即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量增(zeng)大時(shi)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)會減小。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)必須(xu)有(you)(you)(you)一個最(zui)(zui)佳操作工作點(dian)(dian)，即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇性能曲線與風(feng)(feng)(feng)阻曲線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交點(dian)(dian)。在(zai)工作點(dian)(dian)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇特性曲線之(zhi)斜率(lv)為最(zui)(zui)小，而(er)系統特性曲線之(zhi)變化率(lv)為最(zui)(zui)低。注意此(ci)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇靜(jing)態(tai)效率(lv)(風(feng)(feng)(feng)量×風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)÷耗(hao)電)為最(zui)(zui)佳。 當然有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)為了能減少系統阻抗，甚至選用(yong)尺寸較(jiao)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇，也可(ke)以(yi)獲得(de)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量。

風扇的軸承系統：

風扇的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)一(yi)般(ban)建議最好選用(yong)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，因為(wei)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)熱(re)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)壽命通常取決(jue)于其軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)，滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)已被證實具有高效率與低(di)生熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)特點。滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屬滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)，由(you)金(jin)屬珠(zhu)(zhu)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)，接(jie)觸面(mian)小，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)小；而(er)含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)滑動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)，接(jie)觸面(mian)大(da)(da)，長(chang)期使(shi)用(yong)后，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)會揮發，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)容(rong)易磨損，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)，后期噪音(yin)較大(da)(da)，壽命短。品質好的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)除了通風(feng)(feng)(feng)量大(da)(da)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓高以(yi)外，可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)也是(shi)非常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形式在(zai)此顯(xian)得(de)非常重(zhong)要(yao)。高速風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)律使(shi)用(yong)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Ball bearing)而(er)低(di)速風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)則使(shi)用(yong)成本低(di)廉的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Sleeve bearing)。含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)只(zhi)用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)；而(er)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)都需要(yao)兩(liang)個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，單(dan)(dan)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，是(shi)“1 Ball + 1 Sleeve”，依然帶有含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)成分。比單(dan)(dan)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)更高級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)雙(shuang)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，即(ji)Two Balls。含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽命一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)10000小時(shi)(shi)，單(dan)(dan)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)30000小時(shi)(shi)，雙(shuang)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)50000小時(shi)(shi)以(yi)上(環(huan)境溫度均設定在(zai)25℃以(yi)下時(shi)(shi))。風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)銅基粉末燒(shao)結(jie)而(er)成，使(shi)用(yong)含(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需加(jia)潤(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)以(yi)減少滑動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)數(shu)(shu),潤(run)滑油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)由(you)鋰(li)基潤(run)滑脂加(jia)特制(zhi)機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)調(diao)制(zhi)而(er)成。隨(sui)著長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)(yun)轉，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)會揮發而(er)變干，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)增大(da)(da)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)(yun)轉受影響，可(ke)能(neng)出現異(yi)音(yin)，轉速偏慢甚(shen)至(zhi)不(bu)轉現象。而(er)滾(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)取代了滑動(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)，摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)小并克服了摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)系(xi)數(shu)(shu)容(rong)易變的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點，因而(er)運(yun)(yun)轉穩定性(xing)強，壽命相(xiang)對要(yao)長(chang)得(de)多。