一.產品介紹
福(fu)(fu)(fu)州茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)歷史幾乎與古城福(fu)(fu)(fu)州歷史一樣悠(you)久。據《中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)物志》記(ji)載(zai),茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)原產印度,西(xi)漢傳入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)時(shi)就(jiu)在福(fu)(fu)(fu)州落戶,距今(jin)已有(you)2000年(nian)的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)歷史。漢·陸賈《南(nan)越行記(ji)》記(ji)載(zai)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)“緣自胡(hu)(hu)國(guo)移至”;晉·嵇含(han)《南(nan)方草(cao)木狀》記(ji)載(zai)“茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)皆胡(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自由西(xi)國(guo)移植(zhi)于(yu)南(nan)海(hai)(hai)”(以(yi)上漢晉時(shi)代(dai)的(de)文(wen)獻中(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)稱(cheng)(cheng)的(de)古代(dai)南(nan)越、南(nan)海(hai)(hai)即今(jin)之福(fu)(fu)(fu)建(jian)和(he)(he)廣(guang)(guang)東一帶)。宋(song)(song)(song)時(shi)福(fu)(fu)(fu)州已普遍栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)福(fu)(fu)(fu)州知(zhi)府蔡襄詩(shi)云“素(su)馨出南(nan)海(hai)(hai),萬里來商舶,團欒(luan)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)叢,繁香(xiang)暑中(zhong)(zhong)折”;宋(song)(song)(song)·葉(xie)廷珪“露華洗(xi)出通(tong)身白,沉水(shui)熏成換骨香(xiang)”贊的(de)就(jiu)是茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua);宋(song)(song)(song)·劉克莊有(you)“一卉能薰一室香(xiang),炎無猶覺玉(yu)肌(ji)涼”之贊;宋(song)(song)(song)·張邦(bang)基(ji)《閩廣(guang)(guang)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)說》記(ji)載(zai),“閩廣(guang)(guang)多(duo)異花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),悉清芬郁(yu)烈,而茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)為(wei)眾花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之冠”;宋(song)(song)(song)·梁克家(jia)《淳熙 三山志》稱(cheng)(cheng)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)“獨閩中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)之,夏開,白色、妙麗而香(xiang)”。南(nan)宋(song)(song)(song)隆興乾道年(nian)間(jian)(1163-1173年(nian)),樓鑰《次韻胡(hu)(hu)元甫(fu)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)》一詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you):“吾聞閩山千(qian)萬木,人(ren)(ren)(ren)或(huo)說此齊蒿萊。”可(ke)(ke)見當時(shi)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)種植(zhi)規模已相當可(ke)(ke)觀。鑒(jian)于(yu)悠(you)久的(de)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)歷史和(he)(he)獨具(ju)特色的(de)地域品質(zhi)特性,1985年(nian)2月8日福(fu)(fu)(fu)州市(shi)第八(ba)屆人(ren)(ren)(ren)大常委會第十(shi)二次會議根據廣(guang)(guang)大群眾舉薦,決(jue)定命名(ming)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)市(shi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。 2000多(duo)年(nian)以(yi)來,福(fu)(fu)(fu)州因茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)獲得美譽不可(ke)(ke)勝數。如福(fu)(fu)(fu)州的(de)倉山區(qu)就(jiu)因滿城茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)香(xiang)被古人(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“瓊花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)玉(yu)島”,建(jian)新鎮、上街鎮被稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鄉、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)嶼(yu)。茶(cha)(cha)以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)名(ming),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)以(yi)茶(cha)(cha)勝,世界茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)茶(cha)(cha)中(zhong)(zhong)最出名(ming)的(de)“福(fu)(fu)(fu)州味”使福(fu)(fu)(fu)州茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)茶(cha)(cha)在全國(guo)市(shi)場(chang)乃(nai)至國(guo)際(ji)茶(cha)(cha)市(shi)上占盡風(feng)頭,其優異的(de)品質(zhi)博得了廣(guang)(guang)泛的(de)外贊內譽,福(fu)(fu)(fu)州這顆海(hai)(hai)峽西(xi)岸璀璨的(de)明珠正因小(xiao)小(xiao)的(de)茉(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)莉(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)香(xiang)飄(piao)四海(hai)(hai)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷史因素
1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:福(fu)州(zhou)地(di)(di)(di)處戴云山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)的東翼,倚山(shan)(shan)面海,地(di)(di)(di)勢由西北向東南(nan)傾斜,海岸線曲折(zhe),島嶼眾(zhong)多,閩江橫貫其中(zhong),下游為(wei)福(fu)州(zhou)盆地(di)(di)(di),盆地(di)(di)(di)內部(bu)是(shi)沖(chong)積(ji)海積(ji)平(ping)原,城區處在盆心,北部(bu)和東部(bu)均為(wei)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)和丘陵(ling),南(nan)部(bu)是(shi)平(ping)原。全市地(di)(di)(di)貌類型多種多樣,以山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)、丘陵(ling)為(wei)主,占全市土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)總面積(ji)的72.68%,其中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)占32.41%、丘陵(ling)占40.27%。福(fu)州(zhou)市地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)性(xing)(xing)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以偏酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)紅壤(rang)(rang)、赤紅壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)主,耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)以水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)為(wei)主,垂直分布特征顯(xian)著。土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏松,肥沃、沙質,土(tu)層深厚,通氣排(pai)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)能好。沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原呈(cheng)微酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)或中(zhong)性(xing)(xing)的砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)條件優良(liang),土(tu)質肥沃,適宜茉(mo)莉花生(sheng)長。?
2、水(shui)文(wen)情況:福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)水(shui)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)育,河(he)網(wang)密布。主要河(he)流(liu)有閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)、鰲江(jiang)(jiang)、龍江(jiang)(jiang)、大(da)樟溪、梅(mei)溪、古田溪、安仁(ren)溪、大(da)目溪等。這些河(he)流(liu)的流(liu)向(xiang)由于受斷裂(lie)構造的控制(zhi)和地(di)(di)貌的影響,均(jun)(jun)作北西流(liu)向(xiang)南東,干流(liu)呈平(ping)(ping)(ping)行排列,獨流(liu)入海。閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)是全省第一大(da)河(he),其干流(liu)從雄江(jiang)(jiang)附近流(liu)入境內,橫貫東西將福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)分為(wei)南北兩部,其支(zhi)流(liu)多順著主要構造線發(fa)(fa)育作北東——南西流(liu)向(xiang)。福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)水(shui)資(zi)源與降(jiang)水(shui)量有密切相關,根據福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)氣象站(zhan)歷年觀測(ce),福(fu)州(zhou)市(shi)多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量在(zai)(zai)1100毫米(mi)-2100毫米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)面蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)量在(zai)(zai)1000-1300毫米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)陸地(di)(di)蒸(zheng)發(fa)(fa)量在(zai)(zai)600-700毫米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,干旱(han)指數(shu)在(zai)(zai)0.6-1.13之(zhi)(zhi)間。福(fu)州(zhou)地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)資(zi)源多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)深在(zai)(zai)500-1500毫米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,多年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)系(xi)數(shu)大(da)部分在(zai)(zai)0.5-0.7之(zhi)(zhi)間。福(fu)州(zhou)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)資(zi)源,均(jun)(jun)屬淺層地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui),當P=50%,地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)資(zi)源為(wei)11.22億立方(fang)米(mi)。福(fu)州(zhou)客水(shui)資(zi)源,當P=50%時客水(shui)總量540.81億立方(fang)米(mi),其中閩(min)江(jiang)(jiang)客水(shui)515億立方(fang)米(mi),占95.2%。福(fu)州(zhou)地(di)(di)面水(shui)環境質量達(da)國(guo)家Ⅱ類標準。?
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情(qing)況:福州(zhou)(zhou)屬于亞熱帶海(hai)洋性季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,溫暖濕(shi)(shi)潤,雨量(liang)充沛(pei),四季常青,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候宜人,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫19.6℃,1月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫10.5℃,7月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫28.6℃,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)1342.5mm,全年無霜期326天,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)日照時數為(wei)1700-1980h,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)雨日130-170日,年相對(dui)濕(shi)(shi)度(du)77%。福州(zhou)(zhou)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)達國家Ⅱ級標準。茉莉花喜溫怕霜,福州(zhou)(zhou)是北半(ban)球茉莉花露地(di)栽培的北緣,夏天晝夜溫差(cha)大(da),這也就是福州(zhou)(zhou)茉莉花獨(du)特品質(zhi)的重要原因之一。
三.地域范圍
福(fu)(fu)州茉莉花(hua)茶地(di)域(yu)保護范圍包(bao)括(kuo)倉山區(qu)、馬尾區(qu)、晉安區(qu)、福(fu)(fu)清(qing)市、長樂市、閩侯縣(xian)(xian)、閩清(qing)縣(xian)(xian)、羅源縣(xian)(xian)、連江縣(xian)(xian)、永(yong)泰縣(xian)(xian)等10個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(市)區(qu),即福(fu)(fu)建(jian)省中部偏東(dong),閩江下游(you),界于東(dong)經(jing)118°08'~120°31',北緯25°15'~26°29'之間(jian)。總(zong)保護面積1.5萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),總(zong)生產面積2000公(gong)頃(qing),年總(zong)產量1萬(wan)噸。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
1、產品典型品質(zhi)特色(se)和質(zhi)量安(an)全規定?
產品典型品質特(te)色
(1)福(fu)州茉(mo)莉鮮花成熟飽滿,潔白,香氣芬芳,無(wu)劣變,由于(yu)福(fu)州獨(du)特(te)的地理(li)環境氣候,種植歷史(shi)悠久,栽培技術(shu)優(you)良,具獨(du)特(te)品質。
(2)不得(de)含(han)有非茉莉花類夾雜物(wu)。?
2、 品種要求(qiu)?
(1)長樂(le)種單瓣茉莉花(hua)(hua):福(fu)州獨有(you)品種,有(you)2000多年栽培史,花(hua)(hua)冠單筒(tong),花(hua)(hua)蕾圓(yuan)錐狀(zhuang),伏花(hua)(hua)百花(hua)(hua)重20-24克;花(hua)(hua)香鮮(xian)濃清(qing)幽、顯蜜香。?
(2)雙瓣茉莉(li)花:為1979年后(hou)由廣東引種,花冠雙筒,花蕾卵圓狀,伏花百花重28-30克;花香濃郁(yu)高(gao)銳、持(chi)久。?
3、質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定(ding) 產地環境(jing)應符合(he)NY5123-2002《無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品窨(yin)茶用茉莉花產地環境(jing)條件》的規(gui)定(ding),產品質量(liang)應符合(he)NY5122-2002《無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品窨(yin)茶用茉莉花》的規(gui)定(ding)。?
4、標識、包裝、運輸、貯存?
(1)標(biao)識 標(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其產品或其包裝上統一(yi)使(shi)用農產品地理標(biao)志。(福州茉(mo)莉花名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案(an)組合(he)標(biao)注型式)。?
(2)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang) 包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料與器具應清潔、無異味。
(3)運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu) 運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工具(ju)必須清潔、無異味、無污(wu)(wu)染;運(yun)(yun)(yun)輸(shu)時應防雨(yu)、防曝(pu)曬;裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸時輕(qing)放(fang)輕(qing)卸,嚴禁與有毒(du)、有異氣味、易污(wu)(wu)染的物品(pin)混(hun)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)混(hun)運(yun)(yun)(yun)。?
(4)貯(zhu)存:產品應(ying)貯(zhu)存于清(qing)潔、防潮、通風、干(gan)燥(zao)、無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)的專用(yong)倉庫(ku)(ku)內,倉庫(ku)(ku)周(zhou)圍應(ying)無(wu)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)氣污染(ran)。嚴禁與有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害、有(you)異(yi)味(wei)(wei)、易污染(ran)的物品混貯(zhu)。