連(lian)州溪(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)學名溪(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又名溪(xi)溝草(cao)(cao)、山羊(yang)面(mian)、臺灣延胡索和大葉蛇總(zong)管,多年生草(cao)(cao)本,根莖(jing)肥大,向(xiang)下密生纖細的須根,莖(jing)直(zhi)立,高達1.5(2)米,有(you)細條紋,帶(dai)紫色,莖(jing)葉對(dui)生,卵(luan)圓形(xing)或(huo)(huo)卵(luan)圓狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing),草(cao)(cao)質,上(shang)面(mian)暗(an)綠色,下面(mian)淡(dan)綠色,圓錐(zhui)花序(xu)生于(yu)莖(jing)及分(fen)枝頂上(shang),花冠(guan)紫色,長達6毫米,外被短柔毛,內面(mian)無毛,花盤環(huan)狀(zhuang),成(cheng)熟小堅果(guo)闊卵(luan)圓形(xing),花、果(guo)期8-9月。溪(xi)黃(huang)草(cao)(cao)產(chan)于(yu)我(wo)國黑(hei)龍(long)江、吉林、遼寧、山西(xi)(xi)、河南、陜西(xi)(xi)、甘(gan)肅、四川、貴州、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)、廣(guang)東、湖(hu)南、江西(xi)(xi)、安徽、浙江、江蘇及臺灣,常成(cheng)叢生于(yu)海拔120-1250米的山坡、路旁、田邊、溪(xi)旁、河岸、草(cao)(cao)叢、灌叢、林下沙(sha)壤土上(shang)。全草(cao)(cao)入(ru)藥,治急(ji)性肝炎、急(ji)性膽(dan)囊(nang)炎、跌打瘀腫(zhong)等癥。
形態特征
多年生(sheng)草(cao)本,根莖(jing)肥大(da),粗壯,有時呈(cheng)(cheng)疙瘩狀(zhuang),向(xiang)下密(mi)生(sheng)纖(xian)細(xi)的(de)須根。莖(jing)直立,高達(da)1.5(2)米(mi),鈍四棱形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)四淺槽,有細(xi)條紋,帶紫色(se),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)木質,近無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)(bei)倒向(xiang)微(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)多分(fen)枝。莖(jing)葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng),卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-10厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),寬1.5-4.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)近漸尖,基(ji)部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣(yuan)具(ju)粗大(da)內(nei)彎的(de)鋸齒,草(cao)質,上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)暗綠色(se),下面(mian)淡(dan)綠色(se),兩面(mian)僅脈(mo)(mo).上(shang)(shang)(shang)密(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),余(yu)部(bu)(bu)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),散布淡(dan)黃色(se)腺(xian)(xian)點(dian),側脈(mo)(mo)每側4-55與中(zhong)脈(mo)(mo)在兩面(mian)微(wei)(wei)隆起,在邊(bian)緣(yuan)之內(nei)網結,其間(jian)平行(xing)細(xi)脈(mo)(mo)多少明(ming)顯(xian)(xian);葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)具(ju)漸寬大(da)的(de)翅,腹凹(ao)背凸,密(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)生(sheng)于(yu)莖(jing)及分(fen)枝頂上(shang)(shang)(shang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)10-20厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),下部(bu)(bu)常分(fen)枝,因而植株上(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)全(quan)體組(zu)成龐大(da)疏松(song)的(de)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)錐了(le)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)序(xu)由(you)具(ju)5至多花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)聚(ju)傘(san)(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)組(zu)成,聚(ju)傘(san)(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)具(ju)梗(geng),總梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)0.-5-1.5厘(li)(li)(li)(li)米(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫米(mi),總梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)與序(xu)軸(zhou)均(jun)密(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);苞葉(xie)(xie)在下部(bu)(bu)者葉(xie)(xie)狀(zhuang),具(ju)短柄(bing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)超過聚(ju)傘(san)(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)漸變小(xiao)(xiao)呈(cheng)(cheng)苞片(pian)狀(zhuang),披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至線狀(zhuang)披(pi)針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)與總梗(geng)相等(deng),苞片(pian)及小(xiao)(xiao)苞片(pian)細(xi)小(xiao)(xiao),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫米(mi),被(bei)(bei)微(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)1.5毫米(mi),外密(mi)被(bei)(bei)灰白(bai)微(wei)(wei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),其間(jian)夾有腺(xian)(xian)點(dian),內(nei)面(mian)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),萼(e)(e)齒5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),近等(deng)大(da),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)為(wei)萼(e)(e)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)之半(ban),果(guo)時花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)增大(da),呈(cheng)(cheng)闊鐘(zhong)形(xing)(xing)(xing),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)多少呈(cheng)(cheng)壺狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi),脈(mo)(mo)紋明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫色(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)達(da)6毫米(mi),外被(bei)(bei)短柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),內(nei)面(mian)無毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),冠(guan)筒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi),基(ji)部(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)方淺囊狀(zhuang),至喉部(bu)(bu)寬約(yue)1.2毫米(mi),冠(guan)檐二唇形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)唇外反,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)2毫米(mi),先(xian)(xian)端(duan)具(ju)相等(deng)4圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)裂,下唇闊卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)3毫米(mi),內(nei)凹(ao)。雄蕊(rui)4,內(nei)藏。花(hua)(hua)(hua)柱絲狀(zhuang),內(nei)藏,先(xian)(xian)端(duan)相等(deng)2淺裂。花(hua)(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環(huan)狀(zhuang)。成熟小(xiao)(xiao)堅果(guo)闊卵(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5毫米(mi),頂端(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),具(ju)腺(xian)(xian)點(dian)及白(bai)色(se)髯毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)、果(guo)期(qi)8-9月(yue)。
分布范圍
產黑龍(long)江(jiang),吉林,遼寧,山西,河南,陜西,甘肅,四川,貴州,廣西,廣東,湖南,江(jiang)西,安(an)徽,浙江(jiang),江(jiang)蘇及(ji)臺灣;常成叢(cong)生于山坡、路旁、田邊、溪旁、河岸(an)、草叢(cong)、灌叢(cong)、林下沙壤土上(shang),海拔120-1250米。蘇聯遠東地區(qu),朝鮮也有(you)。模式標(biao)本采自我國(guo)東北(bei)松(song)花江(jiang)流域下游(you)。
主要價值
全草入藥,治急性肝炎、急性膽囊炎、跌打瘀腫等癥。