桐琴(qin)蜜梨以(yi)翠(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)玉品(pin)種為主,所(suo)產果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)充分體現了翠(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)玉品(pin)種固有的(de)早熟、優質(zhi)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)征。翠(cui)冠(guan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實近圓形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮呈青褐色(se)(se),套袋果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)黃褐色(se)(se)或青綠色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點較小(xiao);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白(bai)色(se)(se),松(song)脆(cui)細嫩(nen),汁多(duo)味(wei)甜,風(feng)味(wei)佳;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)心小(xiao)。翠(cui)玉果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)形端(duan)正,以(yi)扁圓為主;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮薄(bo)有光澤,呈黃綠色(se)(se)或淺綠色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)點小(xiao);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白(bai)色(se)(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩(nen),松(song)脆(cui)多(duo)汁,味(wei)甜爽口;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)心小(xiao)。
地(di)(di)形地(di)(di)貌:武義(yi)縣位于(yu)浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省中部(bu),三面(mian)環(huan)山(shan),峰巒連綿,境內(nei)森(sen)林(lin)茂密,植被(bei)多樣,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率高(gao)達74%以上,自(zi)然生態(tai)環(huan)境優越。境內(nei)地(di)(di)貌類(lei)型多樣,形成(cheng)武義(yi)和(he)(he)宣(xuan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)個河谷盆地(di)(di),分(fen)(fen)(fen)屬(shu)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)(he)甌江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)二大水系。南(nan)部(bu)宣(xuan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)盆地(di)(di),四面(mian)環(huan)山(shan)。北部(bu)為(wei)武義(yi)盆地(di)(di),地(di)(di)勢低(di)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),低(di)丘崗地(di)(di)、平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)畈(fan)面(mian)積為(wei)32600公頃(qing),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)畈(fan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原分(fen)(fen)(fen)布在(zai)武義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)及(ji)1-2級支流兩(liang)側,為(wei)近代河流沖擊(ji)而成(cheng),水利條件較好,土(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)壤肥沃。豐富的(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)資(zi)源和(he)(he)良(liang)好的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形土(tu)(tu)壤條件,適(shi)宜于(yu)桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)的(de)(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育(yu)和(he)(he)大規模(mo)發(fa)展(zhan),利于(yu)形成(cheng)桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)獨特(te)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)。氣候特(te)點:武義(yi)縣屬(shu)中亞熱帶季(ji)風氣候,四季(ji)分(fen)(fen)(fen)明(ming),溫(wen)和(he)(he)濕潤,雨量充(chong)(chong)沛(pei)。1986-2005年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)20年(nian)(nian)間,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.3℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨量1534.48毫(hao)米,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時(shi)數1859小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度80%,無霜(shuang)期253天,能充(chong)(chong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)滿足砂(sha)梨(li)(li)對溫(wen)度、光(guang)照(zhao)和(he)(he)水分(fen)(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)需(xu)求。桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)保(bao)護區(qu)位于(yu)武義(yi)縣中北部(bu),屬(shu)浙江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)省蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)主產(chan)區(qu)最南(nan)部(bu),1月平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度5.0℃,符合砂(sha)梨(li)(li)對低(di)溫(wen)需(xu)求,春季(ji)回暖早(zao),3底(di)到4初(chu)溫(wen)度15℃-20℃左(zuo)右,最低(di)氣溫(wen)一般在(zai)5℃以上,適(shi)合梨(li)(li)樹開花結實(shi),春夏果(guo)實(shi)膨大期雨量充(chong)(chong)沛(pei),成(cheng)熟期晴熱干燥,晝夜溫(wen)差大,利于(yu)果(guo)實(shi)糖(tang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)積累和(he)(he)外觀品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)提高(gao),上市期比浙北地(di)(di)區(qu)早(zao)7-15天。成(cheng)就了桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)(qin)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)比浙北主產(chan)地(di)(di)區(qu)相(xiang)對更為(wei)早(zao)熟、優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)性,發(fa)展(zhan)梨(li)(li)產(chan)業(ye)的(de)(de)自(zi)然氣候條件得(de)天獨厚。
桐琴蜜梨的保(bao)(bao)護地(di)域范圍(wei)位于浙江省(sheng)金(jin)華市(shi)武義縣所轄(xia)桐琴鎮(zhen)、泉(quan)(quan)溪鎮(zhen)、壺山街(jie)道(dao)、白洋街(jie)道(dao)、熟溪街(jie)道(dao)、溫泉(quan)(quan)旅游度(du)假區(qu)、王宅鎮(zhen)、茭道(dao)鎮(zhen)、履坦(tan)鎮(zhen)、新宅鎮(zhen)、大田鄉(xiang)、俞(yu)源鄉(xiang)、白姆鄉(xiang),共13個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)街(jie)道(dao)166個行政村(社區(qu))。地(di)理坐標(biao)為:東經119°37′00〞-119°58′00〞,北緯28°42′20〞-29°03′00〞。現有梨園面積800公頃(qing),年(nian)產(chan)量2萬噸(dun),保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)面積10200公頃(qing)。
桐琴蜜梨以翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉品(pin)(pin)種為主(zhu),所產果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)充分(fen)體現了翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉品(pin)(pin)種固有的早熟(shu)、優質(zhi)的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特征。翠(cui)冠果(guo)(guo)(guo)實近圓形(xing)(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)呈(cheng)(cheng)青褐(he)色(se)(se),套袋果(guo)(guo)(guo)黃褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)青綠(lv)色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點較小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se)(se),松脆(cui)細(xi)嫩,汁多味甜(tian),風味佳;果(guo)(guo)(guo)心(xin)小。翠(cui)玉果(guo)(guo)(guo)形(xing)(xing)端正,以扁圓為主(zhu);果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄有光澤,呈(cheng)(cheng)黃綠(lv)色(se)(se)或(huo)淺綠(lv)色(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)(guo)點小;果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)白色(se)(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)嫩,松脆(cui)多汁,味甜(tian)爽(shuang)口;果(guo)(guo)(guo)心(xin)小。內在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao):可(ke)溶(rong)性固形(xing)(xing)物≥10.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定酸(suan)≤0.2%,硬度≥4.0kg/cm2。安(an)全要求:符合食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全國家標(biao)準《食(shi)品(pin)(pin)中農藥最大殘留限量》(GB2763)的規定。
桐(tong)(tong)琴蜜(mi)梨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)交(jiao)通(tong)方便、地(di)勢(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)闊、避(bi)風向(xiang)陽、排灌良好(hao)(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)松(song)的(de)低(di)丘緩坡(po)、河(he)谷平原(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.8%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值5-8,含鹽量(liang)(liang)(liang)不超過(guo)0.2%。建園時應(ying)(ying)規(gui)劃好(hao)(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園小(xiao)區、道路、溝(gou)(gou)渠、蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)池、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)配套(tao)(tao)(tao)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)房、分級包裝場、農(nong)(nong)資工具機(ji)械貯(zhu)藏室、冷(leng)庫等),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園防(fang)(fang)護系統和(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態循(xun)環(huan)系統。選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豐產(chan)穩產(chan)性好(hao)(hao),抗病(bing)性強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang),品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良,適合當地(di)氣候特(te)點和(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)的(de)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)翠(cui)(cui)冠、翠(cui)(cui)玉為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),次(ci)(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃花(hua)、清(qing)香等。苗(miao)(miao)木要(yao)求(qiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)正(zheng)、根(gen)系發(fa)達、無病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai),一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)粗(cu)(cu)0.8cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)、高(gao)(gao)80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。桐(tong)(tong)琴蜜(mi)梨常(chang)規(gui)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)取低(di)干(gan)密株(zhu)寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)4m×2m,畝(mu)(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)82株(zhu)。新建梨園,要(yao)求(qiu)株(zhu)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)擴展至4-4.5m×3-3.5m,畝(mu)(mu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)45-55株(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)70-80%,授粉品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)20-30%。定(ding)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)0.4m-0.6m。棚(peng)架栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)4m×6m(或(huo)先2m×4m,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)間(jian)伐)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),定(ding)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)(du)0.8m-1.0m。栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時期為(wei)(wei)(wei)11月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-次(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),冬季(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)根(gen)早(zao),生(sheng)(sheng)長快。深(shen)翻改(gai)(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)足(zu)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei):建園種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前,挖深(shen)、寬(kuan)0.8m-1.0m的(de)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue),穴(xue)(xue)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)30-50kg腐熟有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)、磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)(he)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)混勻回填。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋季(ji)(ji)沿(yan)定(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)或(huo)樹(shu)冠滴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)線附近(jin),開(kai)(kai)(kai)挖30-50cm深(shen)的(de)條(tiao)(tiao)狀、環(huan)狀或(huo)放射狀溝(gou)(gou),株(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秸稈(gan)、綠肥(fei)(fei)、腐熟有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)30-50kg。地(di)面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)秸稈(gan)覆蓋,積累土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang),增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)活(huo)動,提高(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通(tong)氣透(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)能力(li),改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)團(tuan)粒(li)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)理化性狀,減輕(qing)(qing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)沖刷(shua),增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)抗旱能力(li),調(diao)節地(di)溫(wen)和(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園微(wei)氣候環(huan)境,抑制雜草生(sheng)(sheng)長。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)追肥(fei)(fei):幼(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu),3-8月(yue)薄(bo)肥(fei)(fei)勤(qin)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),澆稀薄(bo)人糞尿(niao)或(huo)0.8%-1.0%尿(niao)素。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)追肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萌芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、壯果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。正(zheng)常(chang)投產(chan)的(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純(chun)氮(N)13-16kg,磷(lin)(P2O5)10-13kg,鉀(K2O)13-16kg,另加(jia)腐熟有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分管(guan)理:梨園要(yao)求(qiu)三溝(gou)(gou)配套(tao)(tao)(tao),能排能灌。春、夏多(duo)雨(yu)季(ji)(ji)節疏(shu)(shu)(shu)通(tong)溝(gou)(gou)渠,防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。4-7月(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實生(sheng)(sheng)長期,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)連(lian)續晴天(tian)(tian)7-12日即進(jin)行(xing)(xing)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)季(ji)(ji)節灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)傍晚進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。常(chang)規(gui)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低(di)干(gan)矮冠樹(shu)形(以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)冠單層(ceng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)心形為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu))整形,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)0.3m-0.5m,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)3-4個(ge)(ge),分布(bu)均勻,開(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)50°左右,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)上(shang)直接配置側(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)枝(zhi),側(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)大(da)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)單軸延伸,同(tong)時也是(shi)大(da)型結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)組(zu),每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)側(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3-5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),輪換更新。幼(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)輕(qing)(qing)剪(jian),增(zeng)加(jia)枝(zhi)葉量(liang)(liang)(liang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)(ji)通(tong)過(guo)拉枝(zhi),開(kai)(kai)(kai)張(zhang)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)重(zhong)點是(shi)培(pei)(pei)養強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)健(jian)的(de)樹(shu)勢(shi),維持良好(hao)(hao)的(de)平衡關系和(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)從關系;上(shang)摘帽子側(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)開(kai)(kai)(kai)窗(chuang),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)縮直枝(zhi)亮(liang)內(nei)膛(tang),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)樹(shu)體內(nei)的(de)通(tong)風透(tou)光條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian);結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)組(zu)去(qu)弱留(liu)壯,去(qu)上(shang)留(liu)斜,去(qu)遠留(liu)近(jin),3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)更新,5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歸位(wei),保(bao)(bao)持結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)組(zu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)(qing)化,新枝(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有利于花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)形成,有利于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)優質(zhi)大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):冬剪(jian)時疏(shu)(shu)(shu)去(qu)過(guo)多(duo)的(de)花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),間(jian)距(ju)10-15cm留(liu)1個(ge)(ge)花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。盛花(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10-25天(tian)(tian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始疏(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),保(bao)(bao)留(liu)縱向(xiang)發(fa)育(yu)良好(hao)(hao),萼端突出,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄發(fa)達,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)光亮(liang),發(fa)育(yu)健(jian)壯的(de)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。同(tong)一花(hua)序(xu)保(bao)(bao)留(liu)第3-4位(wei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺留(liu)1-2個(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),畝(mu)(mu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8000-10000個(ge)(ge),畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)穩定(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)2000kg左右。套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai):要(yao)根(gen)據不同(tong)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求(qiu),選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蠟質(zhi)層(ceng)厚、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性好(hao)(hao)的(de)紙(zhi)袋(dai)。盛花(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)40-60天(tian)(tian)完(wan)成套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)。翠(cui)(cui)冠、翠(cui)(cui)玉生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)綠皮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)須進(jin)行(xing)(xing)2次(ci)(ci)套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai),花(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)15-20天(tian)(tian)套(tao)(tao)(tao)白色小(xiao)袋(dai),30天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)套(tao)(tao)(tao)外(wai)黃內(nei)白雙層(ceng)袋(dai)。套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)前必須全(quan)面(mian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一次(ci)(ci)殺(sha)菌劑,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)干(gan)燥后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai),分批噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao),分批套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai)。花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)接:翠(cui)(cui)冠品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨著(zhu)樹(shu)齡增(zeng)大(da),早(zao)期落葉逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)重(zhong),引起后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期返青開(kai)(kai)(kai)花(hua),嚴重(zhong)影響來(lai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),成為(wei)(wei)(wei)翠(cui)(cui)冠梨生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)桐(tong)(tong)琴蜜(mi)梨產(chan)業(ye)發(fa)展中(zhong)最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)制約因素。秋季(ji)(ji)花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁接可以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)最有效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)補救(jiu)來(lai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁接一般采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)切接法,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)10月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-11月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)較好(hao)(hao),接穗粗(cu)(cu)度(du)(du)大(da)于1.0cm,每(mei)(mei)枝(zhi)段帶3-4個(ge)(ge)飽(bao)滿花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),長度(du)(du)15-20cm。病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)控 堅持“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜合防(fang)(fang)治”的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)方針(zhen),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)檢疫、農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)治為(wei)(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,根(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律,因時、因地(di)制宜(yi),綜合運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治、物(wu)理防(fang)(fang)治,盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)(liang)減少化學防(fang)(fang)治,安全(quan)、經濟(ji)、有效(xiao)(xiao)地(di)控制病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理,增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)樹(shu)勢(shi);合理修剪(jian),改(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)通(tong)風透(tou)光條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian);徹底清(qing)園,降低(di)蟲(chong)口(kou)密度(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)病(bing)原(yuan)基(ji)數;及(ji)時套(tao)(tao)(tao)袋(dai),保(bao)(bao)護梨果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不讓病(bing)蟲(chong)侵入(ru)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)病(bing)蟲(chong)預(yu)測預(yu)報,選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)低(di)毒(du)(du)、對天(tian)(tian)敵殺(sha)傷(shang)力(li)低(di)、對環(huan)境污(wu)染(ran)小(xiao)的(de)藥(yao)(yao)劑,提高(gao)(gao)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),減少用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)次(ci)(ci)數。農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)次(ci)(ci)數和(he)(he)(he)安全(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)期按GB 4285、GB/T 8321、NY/T 1276規(gui)定(ding)執行(xing)(xing),禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)毒(du)(du)、高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)和(he)(he)(he)致畸(ji)、致癌(ai)、致突變(bian)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)和(he)(he)(he)貯(zhu)運(yun)當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)變(bian)色呈現該(gai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固有色澤,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉由硬變(bian)脆,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗易和(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺脫離,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)褐色,即可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。一般分批采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),先采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)大(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),輕(qing)(qing)采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)輕(qing)(qing)放,裝果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實的(de)容(rong)器必須墊柔軟緩沖材料,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)避(bi)免日曬雨(yu)淋,及(ji)時分級,裝箱。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)應(ying)(ying)貯(zhu)放在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)通(tong)風、陰涼的(de)庫房內(nei)。有條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)可采(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)冷(leng)庫貯(zhu)藏或(huo)冷(leng)鏈運(yun)輸。