桐(tong)琴蜜(mi)梨以(yi)翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉品(pin)(pin)種為(wei)主(zhu),所產果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)充分(fen)體(ti)現了翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉品(pin)(pin)種固(gu)有(you)的早熟、優質(zhi)的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特征(zheng)。翠(cui)冠果(guo)(guo)實近圓形,果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)呈青(qing)褐色(se)(se)(se),套袋果(guo)(guo)黃(huang)(huang)褐色(se)(se)(se)或青(qing)綠色(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)點較小(xiao);果(guo)(guo)肉白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),松脆細(xi)嫩,汁多味(wei)(wei)甜(tian),風(feng)味(wei)(wei)佳;果(guo)(guo)心小(xiao)。翠(cui)玉果(guo)(guo)形端正,以(yi)扁圓為(wei)主(zhu);果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)薄有(you)光澤(ze),呈黃(huang)(huang)綠色(se)(se)(se)或淺綠色(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)點小(xiao);果(guo)(guo)肉白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),肉質(zhi)細(xi)嫩,松脆多汁,味(wei)(wei)甜(tian)爽口;果(guo)(guo)心小(xiao)。
地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao):武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)位于浙江(jiang)(jiang)省中部,三面(mian)環(huan)山,峰巒連(lian)綿,境內森(sen)林茂密(mi),植(zhi)被多(duo)樣(yang),森(sen)林覆蓋率高達74%以上(shang)(shang),自然生態環(huan)境優越。境內地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)型多(duo)樣(yang),形成(cheng)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)宣(xuan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)個河(he)(he)谷盆地(di)(di)(di),分(fen)屬(shu)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)和(he)甌江(jiang)(jiang)二大(da)水系(xi)。南部宣(xuan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)盆地(di)(di)(di),四面(mian)環(huan)山。北部為(wei)(wei)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)盆地(di)(di)(di),地(di)(di)(di)勢低平(ping)(ping)(ping),低丘崗地(di)(di)(di)、平(ping)(ping)(ping)原平(ping)(ping)(ping)畈(fan)面(mian)積為(wei)(wei)32600公頃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)畈(fan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原分(fen)布在(zai)武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)及1-2級支流兩(liang)側,為(wei)(wei)近代(dai)河(he)(he)流沖擊(ji)而成(cheng),水利(li)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)較好,土層深厚,土壤肥沃。豐富的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)資源(yuan)和(he)良好的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)形土壤條件(jian)(jian)(jian),適宜于桐(tong)琴(qin)蜜梨(li)的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)發(fa)育和(he)大(da)規(gui)模發(fa)展,利(li)于形成(cheng)桐(tong)琴(qin)蜜梨(li)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)。氣(qi)候(hou)特點:武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)屬(shu)中亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣(qi)候(hou),四季分(fen)明(ming),溫(wen)和(he)濕潤(run),雨(yu)(yu)量充(chong)沛(pei)。1986-2005年的(de)(de)(de)20年間,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)17.3℃,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量1534.48毫米,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照時數(shu)1859小時,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相(xiang)對濕度80%,無霜期253天(tian),能充(chong)分(fen)滿(man)足砂梨(li)對溫(wen)度、光照和(he)水分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求。桐(tong)琴(qin)蜜梨(li)保護區位于武(wu)義(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)中北部,屬(shu)浙江(jiang)(jiang)省蜜梨(li)主(zhu)產區最南部,1月平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度5.0℃,符合(he)砂梨(li)對低溫(wen)需(xu)求,春季回暖早,3底到4初(chu)溫(wen)度15℃-20℃左右,最低氣(qi)溫(wen)一般在(zai)5℃以上(shang)(shang),適合(he)梨(li)樹開花結(jie)實(shi)(shi),春夏果實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)期雨(yu)(yu)量充(chong)沛(pei),成(cheng)熟(shu)期晴熱(re)干燥,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da),利(li)于果實(shi)(shi)糖分(fen)積累(lei)和(he)外觀品(pin)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高,上(shang)(shang)市期比浙北地(di)(di)(di)區早7-15天(tian)。成(cheng)就了桐(tong)琴(qin)蜜梨(li)比浙北主(zhu)產地(di)(di)(di)區相(xiang)對更為(wei)(wei)早熟(shu)、優質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)特性(xing),發(fa)展梨(li)產業的(de)(de)(de)自然氣(qi)候(hou)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)得天(tian)獨(du)厚。
桐(tong)琴蜜梨(li)的保護(hu)地域范圍(wei)位于浙江(jiang)省金華市武義(yi)縣所轄桐(tong)琴鎮(zhen)(zhen)、泉(quan)溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、壺山街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、白(bai)洋街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、熟溪街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)、溫泉(quan)旅游度假區(qu)、王宅(zhai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、茭道(dao)(dao)(dao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、履坦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新(xin)宅(zhai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)田鄉(xiang)、俞源鄉(xiang)、白(bai)姆鄉(xiang),共13個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)街(jie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)166個(ge)行政村(社區(qu))。地理坐標(biao)為(wei):東經119°37′00〞-119°58′00〞,北緯28°42′20〞-29°03′00〞。現有梨(li)園(yuan)面積800公(gong)頃,年產量2萬噸,保護(hu)區(qu)面積10200公(gong)頃。
桐(tong)琴(qin)蜜梨(li)以翠(cui)(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)(cui)玉(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)種為主(zhu),所產果(guo)品(pin)(pin)充分(fen)體現了(le)翠(cui)(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)(cui)玉(yu)(yu)品(pin)(pin)種固有的早熟(shu)、優質(zhi)的品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特征。翠(cui)(cui)冠(guan)果(guo)實(shi)近圓形,果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)呈青褐色(se),套袋(dai)果(guo)黃褐色(se)或青綠(lv)色(se),果(guo)點較(jiao)小;果(guo)肉(rou)白色(se),松脆細嫩,汁(zhi)多味(wei)甜(tian),風(feng)味(wei)佳;果(guo)心(xin)小。翠(cui)(cui)玉(yu)(yu)果(guo)形端正,以扁圓為主(zhu);果(guo)皮(pi)(pi)薄有光澤,呈黃綠(lv)色(se)或淺綠(lv)色(se),果(guo)點小;果(guo)肉(rou)白色(se),肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩,松脆多汁(zhi),味(wei)甜(tian)爽口(kou);果(guo)心(xin)小。內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指(zhi)標:可(ke)溶性固形物(wu)≥10.5%,可(ke)滴(di)定酸≤0.2%,硬度≥4.0kg/cm2。安(an)全(quan)要求:符合食品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)國家標準《食品(pin)(pin)中農藥最大殘(can)留(liu)限量》(GB2763)的規定。
桐琴蜜(mi)(mi)梨以(yi)(yi)(yi)選擇交通(tong)(tong)方便、地勢(shi)開(kai)(kai)闊、避風(feng)向陽、排灌(guan)(guan)良(liang)好(hao)、土層(ceng)深(shen)厚(hou)、土質(zhi)(zhi)疏松(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)丘緩坡、河谷平原為(wei)(wei)宜。土壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.8%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang),土壤(rang)pH值5-8,含(han)(han)鹽量(liang)(liang)(liang)不超(chao)過(guo)0.2%。建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)時(shi)應規(gui)劃好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)小(xiao)(xiao)區、道路、溝(gou)渠、蓄(xu)水(shui)池(chi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)配套設施(生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)活用(yong)(yong)房、分(fen)(fen)級包裝(zhuang)場、農(nong)(nong)資工具機(ji)(ji)械貯(zhu)藏室、冷(leng)庫(ku)等),以(yi)(yi)(yi)及果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)防(fang)(fang)護系(xi)統和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)循環(huan)(huan)系(xi)統。選用(yong)(yong)豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性好(hao),抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)性強(qiang)(qiang),品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)優良(liang),適合(he)當(dang)地氣候(hou)(hou)特點和(he)(he)(he)(he)土壤(rang)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)(yi)(yi)翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),次(ci)為(wei)(wei)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、清香等。苗(miao)木要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)(chun)正(zheng)、根(gen)(gen)系(xi)發(fa)(fa)達、無病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害,一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)粗0.8cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)、高(gao)(gao)80cm以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。桐琴蜜(mi)(mi)梨常(chang)規(gui)栽(zai)(zai)培采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)低(di)干(gan)密(mi)株(zhu)(zhu)寬行定(ding)植(zhi),株(zhu)(zhu)行距為(wei)(wei)4m×2m,畝栽(zai)(zai)82株(zhu)(zhu)。新(xin)建(jian)(jian)梨園(yuan),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)株(zhu)(zhu)行距擴展至(zhi)4-4.5m×3-3.5m,畝栽(zai)(zai)45-55株(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)70-80%,授粉品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占(zhan)20-30%。定(ding)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)0.4m-0.6m。棚架栽(zai)(zai)培的(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)4m×6m(或先(xian)2m×4m,后(hou)(hou)間(jian)伐)定(ding)植(zhi),定(ding)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)度(du)0.8m-1.0m。栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)期為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),冬季(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)發(fa)(fa)根(gen)(gen)早,生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)快。深(shen)翻改土,施足基(ji)肥(fei)(fei):建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)前,挖深(shen)、寬0.8m-1.0m的(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)穴,穴施30-50kg腐(fu)熟有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)表土混勻回填。以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)沿定(ding)植(zhi)穴外(wai)側或樹冠滴水(shui)線附近,開(kai)(kai)挖30-50cm深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)狀、環(huan)(huan)狀或放射狀溝(gou),株(zhu)(zhu)施秸稈、綠肥(fei)(fei)、腐(fu)熟有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)30-50kg。地面(mian)(mian)(mian)進行秸稈覆蓋,積(ji)累土壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang),增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)土壤(rang)微生(sheng)(sheng)物活動,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)土壤(rang)通(tong)(tong)氣透水(shui)能力,改善土壤(rang)團(tuan)粒結(jie)(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)化性狀,減輕土壤(rang)沖(chong)刷,增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)土壤(rang)蓄(xu)水(shui)保(bao)水(shui)保(bao)肥(fei)(fei)抗(kang)旱(han)能力,調節(jie)地溫和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)微氣候(hou)(hou)環(huan)(huan)境(jing),抑制雜草生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。施追肥(fei)(fei):幼(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹,3-8月(yue)(yue)薄(bo)肥(fei)(fei)勤(qin)施,澆(jiao)稀(xi)薄(bo)人糞尿或0.8%-1.0%尿素。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹追肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)萌芽(ya)、壯果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。正(zheng)常(chang)投產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹,全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)畝施純(chun)(chun)氮(dan)(N)13-16kg,磷(P2O5)10-13kg,鉀(K2O)13-16kg,另(ling)加(jia)腐(fu)熟有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg。水(shui)分(fen)(fen)管(guan)理(li):梨園(yuan)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)三溝(gou)配套,能排能灌(guan)(guan)。春、夏多雨季(ji)(ji)節(jie)疏通(tong)(tong)溝(gou)渠,防(fang)(fang)止積(ji)水(shui)。4-7月(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期,在(zai)連續晴天7-12日(ri)(ri)即(ji)進行灌(guan)(guan)水(shui),高(gao)(gao)溫季(ji)(ji)節(jie)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)應在(zai)傍晚進行。常(chang)規(gui)栽(zai)(zai)培采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)低(di)干(gan)矮冠樹形(以(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)冠單(dan)層(ceng)開(kai)(kai)心形為(wei)(wei)主(zhu))整(zheng)形,主(zhu)干(gan)高(gao)(gao)0.3m-0.5m,主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)3-4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),分(fen)(fen)布均勻,開(kai)(kai)張(zhang)角(jiao)度(du)50°左(zuo)右(you)(you),在(zai)主(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)直(zhi)接配置側枝(zhi)(zhi),側枝(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)角(jiao)度(du)單(dan)軸延伸,同(tong)時(shi)也是大(da)(da)型結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組,每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3-5年(nian)(nian)(nian),輪換更(geng)新(xin)。幼(you)(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)輕剪(jian),增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)枝(zhi)(zhi)葉量(liang)(liang)(liang),在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)拉枝(zhi)(zhi),開(kai)(kai)張(zhang)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)度(du)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹重(zhong)點是培養(yang)強(qiang)(qiang)健(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹勢(shi),維持(chi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡關系(xi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)從關系(xi);上(shang)摘帽子側開(kai)(kai)窗(chuang),疏縮直(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)亮內(nei)(nei)膛,以(yi)(yi)(yi)改善樹體(ti)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)透光(guang)條(tiao)件;結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組去弱留(liu)壯,去上(shang)留(liu)斜,去遠留(liu)近,3年(nian)(nian)(nian)更(geng)新(xin),5年(nian)(nian)(nian)歸位,保(bao)持(chi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕化,新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)形成(cheng),有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)優質(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):冬剪(jian)時(shi)疏去過(guo)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya),間(jian)距10-15cm留(liu)1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)10-25天開(kai)(kai)始疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),保(bao)留(liu)縱向發(fa)(fa)育良(liang)好(hao),萼端突出(chu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄發(fa)(fa)達,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)光(guang)亮,發(fa)(fa)育健(jian)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)幼(you)(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。同(tong)一(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序保(bao)留(liu)第(di)3-4位果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺留(liu)1-2個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),畝留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8000-10000個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge),畝產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)連年(nian)(nian)(nian)穩定(ding)在(zai)2000kg左(zuo)右(you)(you)。套袋(dai)(dai)(dai):要(yao)(yao)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)不同(tong)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu),選用(yong)(yong)蠟質(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)厚(hou)、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紙袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。盛花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)40-60天完(wan)成(cheng)套袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。翠(cui)冠、翠(cui)玉生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)綠皮(pi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)須(xu)進行2次(ci)套袋(dai)(dai)(dai),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)15-20天套白(bai)(bai)色(se)小(xiao)(xiao)袋(dai)(dai)(dai),30天后(hou)(hou)加(jia)套外(wai)黃(huang)(huang)內(nei)(nei)白(bai)(bai)雙(shuang)層(ceng)袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。套袋(dai)(dai)(dai)前必須(xu)全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)噴施一(yi)次(ci)殺(sha)菌劑,在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)干(gan)燥后(hou)(hou)開(kai)(kai)始套袋(dai)(dai)(dai),分(fen)(fen)批(pi)噴藥,分(fen)(fen)批(pi)套袋(dai)(dai)(dai)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)高(gao)(gao)接:翠(cui)冠品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)著(zhu)樹齡增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)(da),早期落葉逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)重(zhong),引起后(hou)(hou)期返青開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),嚴重(zhong)影響來年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)翠(cui)冠梨生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)桐琴蜜(mi)(mi)梨產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業發(fa)(fa)展中最重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約因素。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)嫁接可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)最有(you)(you)(you)效地補救(jiu)來年(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)嫁接一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)切(qie)接法,以(yi)(yi)(yi)10月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)-11月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)較好(hao),接穗粗度(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)1.0cm,每(mei)(mei)枝(zhi)(zhi)段帶3-4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)飽滿花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya),長(chang)(chang)(chang)度(du)15-20cm。病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)控(kong) 堅(jian)持(chi)“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),綜(zong)合(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)方針,以(yi)(yi)(yi)植(zhi)物檢(jian)疫、農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)基(ji)礎,根(gen)(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)規(gui)律(lv),因時(shi)、因地制宜,綜(zong)合(he)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)減少化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)、經濟、有(you)(you)(you)效地控(kong)制病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)土肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)管(guan)理(li),增(zeng)(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)樹勢(shi);合(he)理(li)修剪(jian),改善通(tong)(tong)風(feng)透光(guang)條(tiao)件;徹底清園(yuan),降(jiang)低(di)蟲(chong)(chong)口密(mi)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)原基(ji)數(shu);及時(shi)套袋(dai)(dai)(dai),保(bao)護梨果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不讓病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)侵(qin)入。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)預(yu)測(ce)預(yu)報,選用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)效低(di)毒、對天敵殺(sha)傷力低(di)、對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)污染小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥劑,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)噴藥質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),減少用(yong)(yong)藥次(ci)數(shu)。農(nong)(nong)藥使用(yong)(yong)次(ci)數(shu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)安全(quan)間(jian)隔(ge)期按GB 4285、GB/T 8321、NY/T 1276規(gui)定(ding)執行,禁用(yong)(yong)劇毒、高(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)農(nong)(nong)藥和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突變(bian)農(nong)(nong)藥。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)貯(zhu)運(yun)當(dang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)變(bian)色(se)呈(cheng)現該(gai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)澤,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉由硬變(bian)脆,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗易和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺脫離(li),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子變(bian)為(wei)(wei)褐色(se),即(ji)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou)。一(yi)般分(fen)(fen)批(pi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收(shou),先(xian)采(cai)(cai)(cai)大(da)(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),輕采(cai)(cai)(cai)輕放,裝(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)容器必須(xu)墊柔軟緩沖(chong)材料,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)避免日(ri)(ri)曬雨淋,及時(shi)分(fen)(fen)級,裝(zhuang)箱。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)應貯(zhu)放在(zai)通(tong)(tong)風(feng)、陰涼的(de)(de)(de)(de)庫(ku)房內(nei)(nei)。有(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)件可(ke)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)庫(ku)貯(zhu)藏或冷(leng)鏈運(yun)輸。