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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)又名胡麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，屬于(yu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)科（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屬（Linum）、普(pu)通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)一個變種(zhong)(zhong)，學名（Linum usitatissimum L），是(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本(ben)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)，在全(quan)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)中位(wei)于(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜、花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)、大豆之后居(ju)第4位(wei)。種(zhong)(zhong)子含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)一般為(wei)(wei)38～48％。前蘇聯曾育出(chu)含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)達50.9％的(de)(de)高(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)味(wei)道香美，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質良(liang)好(hao)，是(shi)(shi)很好(hao)的(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其突(tu)出(chu)特(te)點是(shi)(shi)含有(you)(you)(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)不(bu)飽和(he)脂肪酸，能被(bei)人(ren)體充(chong)分(fen)(fen)吸收(shou)(shou)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)因其具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)廣，價值高(gao)的(de)(de)特(te)點，故為(wei)(wei)世(shi)界(jie)各國廣泛(fan)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也是(shi)(shi)原州(zhou)(zhou)區的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)。 固原市(shi)(shi)原州(zhou)(zhou)區位(wei)于(yu)我(wo)國黃土(tu)高(gao)原西部(bu)(bu)，六盤山東麓，東鄰甘(gan)肅省(sheng)的(de)(de)環縣、鎮(zhen)原縣；南接甘(gan)肅省(sheng)的(de)(de)平(ping)涼(liang)市(shi)(shi)和(he)寧(ning)夏的(de)(de)涇源、隆(long)德兩縣；西與西吉、海(hai)原兩縣接壤(rang)(rang)；北與同(tong)心縣相連。地(di)(di)跨(kua)東經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。現有(you)(you)(you)可耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積155.47萬畝。本(ben)區屬溫(wen)帶半干旱氣候，海(hai)拔高(gao)度1470-2920米，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)霜期(qi)135-160天，光(guang)照時數2400-2600小時。年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)350-600mm，海(hai)拔高(gao)，光(guang)照充(chong)足(zu)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)工礦企業(ye)污(wu)染(ran)，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以黑(hei)壚土(tu)、淺黑(hei)壚土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)，有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)高(gao)，富(fu)含鉀(jia)素(su)(su)(su)，PH值為(wei)(wei)7.8；灌溉(gai)水(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)要以天然降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)主(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)，地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)補充(chong)灌溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)輔；農民因生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)資料(liao)緊缺，化(hua)肥和(he)農藥(yao)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)少，施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農家肥都是(shi)(shi)經高(gao)溫(wen)發酵腐熟的(de)(de)無(wu)害肥料(liao)，農田生(sheng)(sheng)態系統無(wu)化(hua)學污(wu)染(ran)，毒害性物(wu)質積累(lei)殘留量(liang)極少，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)具(ju)備綠色(se)無(wu)“污(wu)染(ran)”優(you)勢，是(shi)(shi)理想的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)適(shi)宜溫(wen)和(he)涼(liang)爽、濕潤的(de)(de)氣候。生(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)間光(guang)照強有(you)(you)(you)利(li)分(fen)(fen)枝，增加蒴果和(he)促進(jin)早熟。據研究，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽(zi)實大約從土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)中吸收(shou)(shou)氮素(su)(su)(su)3.13㎏，磷素(su)(su)(su)0.91㎏，鉀(jia)素(su)(su)(su)2.12㎏，氮、磷、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)吸收(shou)(shou)比例為(wei)(wei)3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)原州(zhou)(zhou)區主(zhu)(zhu)要優(you)勢特(te)色(se)農作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)加大。近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來，引(yin)進(jin)寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號等優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)立健全(quan)了油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)、供、銷(xiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)體系，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)達45%，由于(yu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)富(fu)含亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸40—60%，含有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)體必需的(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)(ji)酸、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)(su)A、E、B1和(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)(su)及(ji)膳食(shi)纖維(wei)等，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)脫色(se)、脫酸油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)良(liang)，市(shi)(shi)場價格居(ju)高(gao)不(bu)下(xia)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)遠銷(xiao)山西、陜西、新疆等地(di)(di)。2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)，“原州(zhou)(zhou)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)”獲得農業(ye)部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)理標志認(ren)(ren)(ren)定，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)被(bei)認(ren)(ren)(ren)定為(wei)(wei)無(wu)公害產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)已通過農業(ye)部(bu)(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)無(wu)公害農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)(ren)(ren)證(zheng)。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)原州(zhou)(zhou)區創建(jian)了全(quan)國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)原料(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)。

二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌(mao)情況：地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)類型復雜多樣，土(tu)(tu)壤以黑壚土(tu)(tu)、湘黃土(tu)(tu)為主，pH7.8左右，土(tu)(tu)壤有機質含量1.0-1.5%，全(quan)氮含量0.021-0.111%，全(quan)磷(lin)含量0.10-0.215%全(quan)鉀含量2.19-2.53%。

2、水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang)：原(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)境內河(he)流主要有清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河(he)，是(shi)黃(huang)河(he)的一條支流，發源于(yu)原(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)開城鎮(zhen)黑刺溝腦，由(you)南向北流經(jing)(jing)原(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)、三營(ying)(ying)等城鎮(zhen)，到七(qi)(qi)營(ying)(ying)鎮(zhen)的高崖出(chu)境，經(jing)(jing)同心(xin)、中寧入黃(huang)河(he)。清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河(he)上游開城至固原(yuan)縣城一帶，河(he)水(shui)(shui)礦(kuang)化度為0.7克/升屬淡水(shui)(shui)，三營(ying)(ying)為2.6克/升，七(qi)(qi)營(ying)(ying)為6克/升。

3、氣候(hou)情(qing)況：本區(qu)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶半干(gan)旱(han)氣候(hou)，海拔高度(du)1470-2920米，年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無霜(shuang)期135-160天，光照時(shi)數2400-2600小時(shi)。年(nian)降雨(yu)量(liang)350-650mm，降水受地(di)形影(ying)響，自南向(xiang)北(bei)隨地(di)勢降低(di)而降水逐漸減少，南北(bei)較(jiao)差300mm。亞麻主(zhu)產區(qu)主(zhu)要分布在(zai)東部干(gan)旱(han)區(qu)、北(bei)部川(chuan)區(qu)。

4、人文歷史情況：原(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)在古代曾為游牧區(qu)，明代中葉以(yi)后，由(you)于戊邊、屯墾，人口增長(chang)較快耕墾日增。晚清以(yi)來，種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)迅速擴大，畜牧業(ye)相應縮小。原(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)油(you)用亞(ya)麻(ma)種(zhong)植(zhi)已有近2000年的種(zhong)植(zhi)歷史。油(you)用亞(ya)麻(ma)作為食用油(you)，以(yi)其(qi)品質優良，味香可口，深受西(xi)北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)一帶人民的喜愛。

三.地域范圍

固原(yuan)市(shi)原(yuan)州區位于我國黃土高原(yuan)西部，六盤山東(dong)麓，東(dong)鄰甘肅(su)省的環縣(xian)、鎮(zhen)原(yuan)縣(xian)；南(nan)接(jie)甘肅(su)省的平涼市(shi)和寧夏(xia)的涇源、隆德兩(liang)縣(xian)；西與西吉、海原(yuan)兩(liang)縣(xian)接(jie)壤；北(bei)與同心縣(xian)相連。地跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北(bei)緯35°34′-36°38′。面積3505.9平方公(gong)里，現(xian)有可耕地面積120666.7公(gong)頃，總(zong)生產(chan)面積6700公(gong)頃，總(zong)產(chan)量6000噸(dun)。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征

1、外在(zai)感官特征：油用亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)：屬于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)科(ke)(Linaceae)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)屬(Linum)一年生或多(duo)年生草本(ben)植物。目前世界上大(da)田生產(chan)栽(zai)(zai)培的約有(you)15個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而生產(chan)上栽(zai)(zai)培最為(wei)廣(guang)泛(fan)的為(wei)普通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在(zai)普通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)里有(you)五個變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)具有(you)較廣(guang)泛(fan)的栽(zai)(zai)培價值。即：油用型(xing)、油纖兼用型(xing)、纖維用型(xing)、大(da)粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)及半冬性多(duo)莖匍匐型(xing)，本(ben)區(qu)境(jing)內(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植油用型(xing)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)，主栽(zai)(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號等。在(zai)我區(qu)旱塬地(di)帶、北部川水區(qu)大(da)面積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植，是本(ben)區(qu)主要油料作物之一。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)籽呈(cheng)扁(bian)平卵形，表面亮澤，有(you)黃、白、棕、褐等色(se)。

2、內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標：油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)很高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟價值(zhi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)副產品也(ye)有(you)(you)很多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)。油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)率一般為(wei)35-40%，最高(gao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)達45%以上。油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)品質(zhi)優良，味香可(ke)(ke)(ke)口，是(shi)(shi)(shi)西北、華北一帶人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)中含(han)有(you)(you)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)(he)(he)脂肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，碘值(zhi)很高(gao)，與空氣(qi)接(jie)觸容易(yi)氧化而干燥，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)干性油(you)(you)(you)，在油(you)(you)(you)漆、油(you)(you)(you)墨、涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)、皮革(ge)、橡膠(jiao)等(deng)工業有(you)(you)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)。油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)皮內(nei)含(han)有(you)(you)6-10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)膠(jiao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘合劑，在制(zhi)(zhi)革(ge)、食(shi)品加工、醫藥及國防上應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廣泛(fan)。 油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提高(gao)人(ren)(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)(he)(he)健康水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)綠色食(shi)品資源。油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)品位較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)，其中亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)40-60%，還含(han)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素（A、E、B1）和(he)(he)(he)(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量元素以及膳食(shi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)等(deng)，油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽榨油(you)(you)(you)后餅粕的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白質(zhi)含(han)量達33.3%，脂肪(fang)(fang)含(han)量達8.6%，無氮浸出(chu)物(wu)31.7%，纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)素7.8%，可(ke)(ke)(ke)作為(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)加工配(pei)合飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)餅粕含(han)有(you)(you)氮、磷、鉀(jia)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)營養成(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)，經過(guo)漚制(zhi)(zhi)發酵，是(shi)(shi)(shi)農作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)有(you)(you)機(ji)肥料(liao)(liao)(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)、纖(xian)(xian)(xian)兼(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)品種(zhong)(zhong)，油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈可(ke)(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)產纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)，一般出(chu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)率為(wei)12-15%。加工纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)時(shi)剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屑，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以壓制(zhi)(zhi)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)維(wei)(wei)板，代(dai)替木(mu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈和(he)(he)(he)(he)亂麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)造紙(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)脫(tuo)粒后剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)果殼和(he)(he)(he)(he)秕(bi)粒，俗稱“油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)衣”，可(ke)(ke)(ke)作豬飼(si)(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)中起保健功(gong)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，它在油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽的(de)(de)(de)(de)脂肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)組成(cheng)(cheng)中約占45%。研究證明a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)在人(ren)(ren)體(ti)肝臟中，在脫(tuo)飽和(he)(he)(he)(he)酶和(he)(he)(he)(he)鏈(lian)延長酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下，能(neng)夠生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)二十碳五烯酸(suan)(suan)(suan)((EPA) 和(he)(he)(he)(he)二十二碳六烯酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(DHA)，這(zhe) 就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型(xing)脂肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)員之一，又是(shi)(shi)(shi)ω3型(xing)脂肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)其它兩個成(cheng)(cheng)員EPA和(he)(he)(he)(he)DHA的(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)體(ti)。因此，人(ren)(ren)體(ti)缺乏(fa)ω3型(xing)脂肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，既可(ke)(ke)(ke)以直接(jie)補(bu)充EPA和(he)(he)(he)(he)DHA，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)來(lai)獲得。

3、安全(quan)要求(qiu)：本著“預防為主，綜合(he)防治”的(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)，綜合(he)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)理、農(nong)(nong)業、生(sheng)物(wu)防治措施(shi)，盡量(liang)避(bi)免使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，堅決杜絕高毒、高殘留化(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，對農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要注意品(pin)種(zhong)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對象及安全(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)，以保證化(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)不超標。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)技中(zhong)心推薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)在(zai)無(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)。科(ke)學(xue)合(he)理的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，嚴(yan)格控制農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留不超標和嚴(yan)格控制農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)間(jian)隔期(qi)。對本產(chan)(chan)地的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)采(cai)取分(fen)(fen)點(dian)、分(fen)(fen)戶(hu)抽驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)辦法， 將(jiang)被抽檢的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料(liao)袋包裝運送到有資(zi)質的(de)(de)(de)質檢部門，按照NY 5306-2005《無(wu)公害食品(pin) 食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植物(wu)油》檢驗(yan)標準(zhun)(zhun)進行檢測。產(chan)(chan)地環境符合(he)《無(wu)公害食品(pin) 產(chan)(chan)地環境評價準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》（NY/T5295-2004）標準(zhun)(zhun)和《無(wu)公害食品(pin)　蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地環境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)(de)標準(zhun)(zhun)。

五.特(te)定生產方式

1、產(chan)地(di)選擇：應(ying)選前茬(cha)地(di)為小麥、豆類或蔬菜(cai)地(di)種(zhong)植，忌選薯(shu)茬(cha)。輪作年限3年以上(shang)。入(ru)選田塊前作收后要適時深耕，熟(shu)化土壤(rang)，白露及時收耱，冬春打(da)碾(nian)保墑(di)，為播種(zhong)出苗創造良好的土壤(rang)條件。

2、品種選擇(ze)：旱(han)地有寧(ning)亞(ya)10號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)14號(hao)；水地有寧(ning)亞(ya)17號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)11號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)16號(hao)和隴(long)亞(ya)8號(hao)。

3、生產過程(cheng)管(guan)理(li)(li)，包括農(nong)業(ye)(ye)投入品方(fang)面的(de)特殊使用(yong)(yong)規定(ding)：適時播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)：種(zhong)植(zhi)時間(jian)(jian)為(wei)每年4月清(qing)明前后(hou)(hou)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)播(bo)(bo)，臺地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)耬播(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)量為(wei)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)，旱(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。 田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)(li)： ①保全苗(miao)(miao)(miao)：在(zai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)時要求精細整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，土(tu)壤(rang)表層上虛(xu)下(xia)(xia)實(shi)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)在(zai)土(tu)壤(rang)不粘結(jie)時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)鎮壓(ya)一次(ci)，墑情差時播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)立(li)即鎮壓(ya)一次(ci)，這對出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)有十分重要的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)后(hou)(hou)遇雨(yu)，幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)尚(shang)未出土(tu)，土(tu)層形(xing)成(cheng)板(ban)結(jie)層，要及時用(yong)(yong)釘耙實(shi)行(xing)(xing)橫向破除，防(fang)止幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)窩(wo)黃不出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。 ②中耕鋤草(cao)：確保土(tu)壤(rang)濕度良好和田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)清(qing)潔無雜(za)草(cao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高6-9cm進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)一次(ci)鋤草(cao)；苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高12-15cm進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)二(er)次(ci)鋤草(cao)。 ③肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li)：亞麻出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)30天（5月20日左右）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)一次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，結(jie)合灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)；孕(yun)蕾期(qi)（5月下(xia)(xia)旬-6月上旬）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)二(er)次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，特別干旱(han)時應(ying)在(zai)子(zi)粒形(xing)成(cheng)期(qi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)第(di)三(san)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。旱(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)在(zai)此(ci)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)看下(xia)(xia)雨(yu)狀況追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)為(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。 合理(li)(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)、追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)相結(jie)合，以無機(ji)促有機(ji)，以肥(fei)(fei)治薄，以肥(fei)(fei)調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)料是胡麻均衡增產的(de)關(guan)鍵性措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)上以秋(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)料為(wei)主。一般(ban)旱(han)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)秋(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，碳(tan)銨255公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，普磷240公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)秋(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，普磷402公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)，碳(tan)銨426公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。在(zai)未秋(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)的(de)田(tian)(tian)塊應(ying)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)先(xian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)后(hou)(hou)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)。 病蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治： 我區常見的(de)病害(hai)(hai)主要是枯萎病、立(li)枯病。蟲害(hai)(hai)有黑絨金(jin)龜甲。農(nong)事操作防(fang)治一般(ban)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)輪作倒茬3年以上、深耕翻(fan)曬、拔除田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)病株、選用(yong)(yong)抗病品種(zhong)等農(nong)業(ye)(ye)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

4、及時收獲(huo)：當亞麻上部葉片(pian)黃(huang)萎，下部葉片(pian)脫落，莖稈和75%蒴果變黃(huang)色(se)，種子(zi)變硬時即可收獲(huo)。過早成熟不夠影響產(chan)量；過晚蒴果易爆裂，且種皮變厚(hou)，降(jiang)低出油率。

5、生產(chan)記錄要求：真實、準確記錄油用亞(ya)麻從(cong)選地到收獲的生產(chan)全過程(cheng)。

六.包裝標識(shi)相關規(gui)定

1、分級：一級：含(han)油(you)量(liang)（以標(biao)準水(shui)、雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)計）36.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)3.0，色(se)澤，氣味(wei)正常。二(er)級：含(han)油(you)量(liang)（以標(biao)準水(shui)、雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)計）35.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)4.0，色(se)澤，氣味(wei)正常。 三(san)級：含(han)油(you)量(liang)（以標(biao)準水(shui)、雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)計）34.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)(za)(za)質(zhi)5.0，色(se)澤，氣味(wei)正常。

2、包裝(zhuang)：包裝(zhuang)使用麻袋時(shi)應(ying)符合(he)(he) GB8115要求。每一包裝(zhuang)件必須(xu)是(shi)同(tong)一品種、同(tong)一品質、同(tong)等(deng)級的。包裝(zhuang)容器應(ying)符合(he)(he)衛生要求，清潔干燥，無毒、無異味。保(bao)證適合(he)(he)運(yun)輸和儲存。

3、標(biao)識：符合農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志標(biao)注規定(ding)。還應(ying)(ying)在(zai)包裝外(wai)部印刷(shua)、粘貼或(huo)吊掛商品(pin)(pin)標(biao)志，標(biao)志應(ying)(ying)清晰(xi)、不易脫落或(huo)褪色。商品(pin)(pin)標(biao)志應(ying)(ying)注明(ming)以(yi)下內容(rong)： ——農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志名稱(cheng)、品(pin)(pin)種； ——產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)者名稱(cheng)、地(di)(di)址、商標(biao)； ——包裝規格、凈重、等級； ——包裝日期、質(zhi)檢人代號。

4、儲(chu)(chu)(chu)藏(zang)：亞麻(ma)籽的(de)儲(chu)(chu)(chu)存按照中華人民共(gong)和國原商業部《糧油儲(chu)(chu)(chu)藏(zang)技(ji)術規(gui)范》的(de)規(gui)定執(zhi)行。

5、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)：亞麻籽的運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)按照中華(hua)人民共和(he)國原商業(ye)部糧油運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)中《關(guan)于執(zhi)行國家糧油標準(zhun)有(you)關(guan)問題》的規(gui)定執(zhi)行。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工具應清潔衛生(sheng)，有(you)防雨和(he)通風設施(shi)。