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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)又(you)名胡麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)科（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屬(shu)（Linum）、普(pu)通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個變種(zhong)(zhong)，學名（Linum usitatissimum L），是一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)生草(cao)本植物。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)物，在全(quan)國(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)物中位(wei)于(yu)(yu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)、花生、大(da)豆之后(hou)居(ju)第4位(wei)。種(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般為38～48％。前蘇聯曾育出(chu)含(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)50.9％的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)味道香美(mei)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)良好，是很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其(qi)突出(chu)特點是含(han)有(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)，能被(bei)人(ren)體充(chong)分吸(xi)收(shou)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)因(yin)其(qi)具有(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途廣(guang)，價值高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，故(gu)為世界各國(guo)廣(guang)泛利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也是原州(zhou)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)物。 固原市原州(zhou)區位(wei)于(yu)(yu)我國(guo)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)原西(xi)(xi)部，六(liu)盤(pan)山東(dong)麓，東(dong)鄰甘肅(su)省的(de)(de)(de)(de)環縣、鎮原縣；南接甘肅(su)省的(de)(de)(de)(de)平涼市和(he)(he)寧(ning)(ning)夏的(de)(de)(de)(de)涇源(yuan)、隆德兩(liang)縣；西(xi)(xi)與(yu)西(xi)(xi)吉、海(hai)原兩(liang)縣接壤；北與(yu)同心縣相連。地(di)(di)(di)(di)跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。現有(you)(you)可耕(geng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)155.47萬畝。本區屬(shu)溫(wen)帶半(ban)干旱氣候，海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度1470-2920米，年(nian)(nian)平均氣溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積(ji)溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)(wu)(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)135-160天，光照時(shi)數2400-2600小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)350-600mm，海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)，光照充(chong)足，沒有(you)(you)工礦企業污(wu)染(ran)，土(tu)(tu)壤以黑壚土(tu)(tu)、淺黑壚土(tu)(tu)為主，有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)，富含(han)鉀素(su)，PH值為7.8；灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水(shui)主要(yao)以天然降(jiang)水(shui)主為，地(di)(di)(di)(di)下水(shui)補充(chong)灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)為輔；農(nong)(nong)民因(yin)生產(chan)資料(liao)緊(jin)缺，化(hua)肥(fei)和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)藥施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)少，施用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)都是經高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)發酵腐(fu)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)害肥(fei)料(liao)，農(nong)(nong)田生態系統無(wu)(wu)(wu)化(hua)學污(wu)染(ran)，毒害性物質(zhi)積(ji)累殘留量(liang)(liang)極(ji)少，生產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)具備綠色(se)無(wu)(wu)(wu)“污(wu)染(ran)”優勢(shi)，是理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)適宜(yi)溫(wen)和(he)(he)涼爽(shuang)、濕潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候。生育期(qi)(qi)間光照強(qiang)有(you)(you)利(li)(li)分枝，增加蒴果和(he)(he)促進(jin)早熟。據研究，生產(chan)50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽實大(da)約從土(tu)(tu)壤中吸(xi)收(shou)氮素(su)3.13㎏，磷(lin)素(su)0.91㎏，鉀素(su)2.12㎏，氮、磷(lin)、鉀的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收(shou)比(bi)例為3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)作(zuo)為原州(zhou)區主要(yao)優勢(shi)特色(se)農(nong)(nong)作(zuo)物，種(zhong)(zhong)植面積(ji)逐年(nian)(nian)加大(da)。近年(nian)(nian)來(lai)，引進(jin)寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號等優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，建立健全(quan)了(le)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)產(chan)、供、銷生產(chan)體系，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)(gao)達(da)(da)45%，由于(yu)(yu)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)富含(han)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)40—60%，含(han)有(you)(you)人(ren)體必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)(suan)、維(wei)生素(su)A、E、B1和(he)(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)及膳食(shi)纖維(wei)等，特別是脫(tuo)(tuo)色(se)、脫(tuo)(tuo)酸(suan)(suan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良，市場(chang)價格居(ju)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)下，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)遠(yuan)銷山西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)、新疆等地(di)(di)(di)(di)。2008年(nian)(nian)，“原州(zhou)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)”獲(huo)得農(nong)(nong)業部地(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)標志(zhi)認(ren)定，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)(di)(di)(di)被(bei)認(ren)定為無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)已通過農(nong)(nong)業部油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)無(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)認(ren)證。2014年(nian)(nian)原州(zhou)區創建了(le)全(quan)國(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)綠色(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)原料(liao)生產(chan)基地(di)(di)(di)(di)。

二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷(li)史因素

1、土(tu)壤地(di)貌情況：地(di)形地(di)貌類型(xing)復雜多樣，土(tu)壤以黑(hei)壚土(tu)、湘黃土(tu)為主(zhu)，pH7.8左右，土(tu)壤有機質含量1.0-1.5%，全氮含量0.021-0.111%，全磷(lin)含量0.10-0.215%全鉀含量2.19-2.53%。

2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況：原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)境(jing)內河流主要有(you)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河，是黃(huang)河的(de)一(yi)(yi)條支流，發源于原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)開(kai)城鎮黑刺溝腦(nao)，由南向北流經(jing)原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)、三營(ying)(ying)等城鎮，到七營(ying)(ying)鎮的(de)高崖出境(jing)，經(jing)同(tong)心、中寧入(ru)黃(huang)河。清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河上(shang)游開(kai)城至固原(yuan)(yuan)縣城一(yi)(yi)帶，河水(shui)(shui)(shui)礦化度為(wei)0.7克/升屬(shu)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)，三營(ying)(ying)為(wei)2.6克/升，七營(ying)(ying)為(wei)6克/升。

3、氣候(hou)情況：本區(qu)(qu)屬溫(wen)帶半干旱(han)氣候(hou)，海拔高度(du)1470-2920米，年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無霜期135-160天，光照時數2400-2600小時。年(nian)降雨量(liang)350-650mm，降水(shui)(shui)受地(di)形影響(xiang)，自南(nan)向北隨地(di)勢降低而降水(shui)(shui)逐漸減少，南(nan)北較差300mm。亞麻主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)要分布在東部干旱(han)區(qu)(qu)、北部川區(qu)(qu)。

4、人文歷史(shi)(shi)情況：原(yuan)(yuan)州區在古(gu)代(dai)曾(ceng)為(wei)游(you)牧區，明代(dai)中(zhong)葉以后，由于戊(wu)邊、屯(tun)墾，人口增長較快耕(geng)墾日增。晚清(qing)以來(lai)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業迅速擴大(da)，畜牧業相應(ying)縮小。原(yuan)(yuan)州區油(you)用亞麻種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已有近2000年的種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史(shi)(shi)。油(you)用亞麻作為(wei)食用油(you)，以其品質優良(liang)，味香可(ke)口，深受(shou)西北(bei)、華(hua)北(bei)一帶人民(min)的喜愛。

三.地域范圍

固(gu)原(yuan)市(shi)(shi)原(yuan)州(zhou)區位(wei)于我(wo)國黃土高(gao)原(yuan)西部，六(liu)盤山東(dong)麓，東(dong)鄰(lin)甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)環縣(xian)(xian)、鎮原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)；南接甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)平涼市(shi)(shi)和寧夏的(de)涇源、隆德兩縣(xian)(xian)；西與(yu)西吉、海原(yuan)兩縣(xian)(xian)接壤；北與(yu)同(tong)心縣(xian)(xian)相連。地跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。面(mian)積(ji)(ji)3505.9平方公里，現有可耕地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)120666.7公頃，總(zong)生產(chan)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)6700公頃，總(zong)產(chan)量6000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特征：油(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)：屬于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)科(Linaceae)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)屬(Linum)一(yi)年(nian)生或(huo)多年(nian)生草(cao)本植(zhi)物(wu)。目(mu)前世界上(shang)大田生產(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)的約(yue)有15個(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)生產(chan)上(shang)栽(zai)培(pei)最(zui)為廣(guang)(guang)泛的為普通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在(zai)普通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)里有五個(ge)變種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)具(ju)有較廣(guang)(guang)泛的栽(zai)培(pei)價值。即(ji)：油(you)用(yong)型(xing)(xing)、油(you)纖(xian)(xian)兼用(yong)型(xing)(xing)、纖(xian)(xian)維用(yong)型(xing)(xing)、大粒(li)種(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)(xing)及半冬性多莖匍匐型(xing)(xing)，本區(qu)(qu)境內種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)油(you)用(yong)型(xing)(xing)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)，主栽(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)有寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)17號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)10號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)11號(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)16號(hao)等。在(zai)我區(qu)(qu)旱塬(yuan)地帶、北部川水區(qu)(qu)大面(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，是本區(qu)(qu)主要油(you)料(liao)作物(wu)之一(yi)。亞(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)籽呈(cheng)扁(bian)平卵形(xing)，表面(mian)亮澤，有黃、白、棕(zong)、褐等色(se)。

2、內(nei)在(zai)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標：油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種子(zi)和(he)(he)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)價值，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副產品(pin)(pin)也有(you)(you)(you)很多用(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種子(zi)含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率(lv)一(yi)(yi)般為35-40%，最高可(ke)(ke)達45%以(yi)上(shang)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優良(liang)，味香可(ke)(ke)口，是(shi)西(xi)北、華北一(yi)(yi)帶人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸，碘(dian)值很高，與空氣(qi)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)容易氧化(hua)而干(gan)燥，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)性油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)漆、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)墨、涂料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、皮(pi)革、橡(xiang)膠等工(gong)業有(you)(you)(you)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種皮(pi)內(nei)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)6-10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)膠，是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘合(he)劑(ji)，在(zai)制革、食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)加工(gong)、醫藥及國防(fang)上(shang)應(ying)用(yong)廣泛(fan)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)提高人們生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)(he)健(jian)康水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要綠(lv)色食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)資源。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)品(pin)(pin)位較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸40-60%，還(huan)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)人體必須(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18種氨基酸、三(san)種維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素（A、E、B1）和(he)(he)8種微量元素以(yi)及膳食(shi)(shi)(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)等，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽(zi)榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)后(hou)餅粕(po)(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量達33.3%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪含(han)(han)(han)量達8.6%，無氮浸出(chu)物31.7%，纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)素7.8%，可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)為牲(sheng)畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，也是(shi)加工(gong)配合(he)飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)餅粕(po)(po)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)氮、磷、鉀三(san)種營養成(cheng)份(fen)，經過漚制發酵，是(shi)農作(zuo)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)機肥料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、纖(xian)兼用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)品(pin)(pin)種，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)產纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，一(yi)(yi)般出(chu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)率(lv)為12-15%。加工(gong)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屑，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)壓制纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)板，代替木料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈和(he)(he)亂麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，是(shi)造(zao)紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好原料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)脫粒后(hou)剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)殼(ke)和(he)(he)秕(bi)粒，俗稱(cheng)“油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)衣”，可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)豬飼料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)起保健(jian)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)效成(cheng)分是(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸，它(ta)在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸組成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)約占45%。研究證明(ming)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸在(zai)人體肝臟中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)脫飽和(he)(he)酶(mei)和(he)(he)鏈延長酶(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，能夠生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)二(er)十(shi)碳五(wu)烯(xi)(xi)酸((EPA) 和(he)(he)二(er)十(shi)二(er)碳六烯(xi)(xi)酸(DHA)，這(zhe) 就是(shi)說a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸既是(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)員(yuan)之一(yi)(yi)，又是(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸其它(ta)兩(liang)個成(cheng)員(yuan)EPA和(he)(he)DHA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母體。因此，人體缺乏ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪酸，既可(ke)(ke)以(yi)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)補(bu)充EPA和(he)(he)DHA，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通過食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來(lai)獲得(de)。

3、安全(quan)要(yao)(yao)求：本著“預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主，綜合防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則(ze)(ze)，綜合的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物理、農(nong)業、生物防(fang)治(zhi)措施，盡量(liang)避免(mian)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)，堅決杜絕高毒、高殘留化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，對農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)(yao)注意品(pin)(pin)(pin)種、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時間、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對象及安全(quan)間隔期(qi)，以保證化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)不(bu)超(chao)標(biao)。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)全(quan)國農(nong)技中心推薦(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)生產中使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種。科學(xue)(xue)合理的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)，嚴(yan)格控制農(nong)藥(yao)殘留不(bu)超(chao)標(biao)和(he)嚴(yan)格控制農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)間隔期(qi)。對本產地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)取分點、分戶抽(chou)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)， 將被(bei)抽(chou)檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料袋包裝(zhuang)運送(song)到有資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)檢(jian)部(bu)門，按照NY 5306-2005《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin) 食用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植物油》檢(jian)驗(yan)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)進(jin)行檢(jian)測。產地(di)環境符合《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin) 產地(di)環境評價準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)(ze)》（NY/T5295-2004）標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和(he)《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)　蔬菜產地(di)環境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。

五.特定生產方式(shi)

1、產地選(xuan)擇：應選(xuan)前茬地為小麥(mai)、豆(dou)類(lei)或蔬菜地種(zhong)植，忌選(xuan)薯茬。輪作(zuo)年限(xian)3年以上。入(ru)選(xuan)田塊前作(zuo)收(shou)后(hou)要(yao)適時(shi)深耕(geng)，熟(shu)化土壤(rang)，白(bai)露及(ji)時(shi)收(shou)耱，冬春打(da)碾(nian)保墑(di)，為播種(zhong)出苗創造良好的土壤(rang)條件。

2、品種選(xuan)擇：旱地有(you)寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)10號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)14號；水地有(you)寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)17號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)11號、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)16號和隴亞(ya)(ya)8號。

3、生產(chan)(chan)過程管理(li)，包括農業投(tou)入(ru)品方(fang)面(mian)的(de)特(te)(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)規(gui)定：適時播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時間(jian)(jian)為(wei)每年4月清明前(qian)后。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)地(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)播(bo)(bo)，臺地(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)耬播(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)量為(wei)：水(shui)(shui)地(di)為(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，旱地(di)為(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。 田(tian)間(jian)(jian)管理(li)： ①保(bao)全(quan)苗：在(zai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時要(yao)求精細整地(di)，土壤(rang)(rang)表層(ceng)上虛下實。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后在(zai)土壤(rang)(rang)不粘結(jie)時進(jin)行(xing)鎮(zhen)壓一(yi)次(ci)，墑情差時播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后應(ying)(ying)立即鎮(zhen)壓一(yi)次(ci)，這(zhe)對出(chu)苗有十分重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后遇雨，幼(you)苗尚(shang)未出(chu)土，土層(ceng)形(xing)成板結(jie)層(ceng)，要(yao)及(ji)時用(yong)(yong)釘耙實行(xing)橫向(xiang)破除，防(fang)止幼(you)苗窩(wo)黃不出(chu)苗。 ②中耕(geng)鋤草：確保(bao)土壤(rang)(rang)濕度良好和田(tian)間(jian)(jian)清潔無雜草。苗高(gao)6-9cm進(jin)行(xing)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)鋤草；苗高(gao)12-15cm進(jin)行(xing)第(di)二次(ci)鋤草。 ③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理(li)：亞麻出(chu)苗后30天(tian)（5月20日(ri)左右(you)）進(jin)行(xing)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)，結(jie)合灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)尿素(su)75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)；孕蕾期（5月下旬-6月上旬）進(jin)行(xing)第(di)二次(ci)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)，特(te)(te)別干(gan)旱時應(ying)(ying)在(zai)子粒形(xing)成期灌(guan)(guan)第(di)三水(shui)(shui)。旱地(di)在(zai)此(ci)期間(jian)(jian)看下雨狀況追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)尿素(su)為(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。 合理(li)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)相結(jie)合，以(yi)(yi)無機(ji)促有機(ji)，以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)治(zhi)薄(bo)，以(yi)(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)調(diao)水(shui)(shui)，增施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)是胡麻均衡增產(chan)(chan)的(de)關鍵性措施(shi)。在(zai)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)上以(yi)(yi)秋施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)主。一(yi)般旱地(di)秋施(shi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳銨255公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普(pu)磷240公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)；水(shui)(shui)地(di)秋施(shi)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)每公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普(pu)磷402公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳銨426公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。在(zai)未秋施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)田(tian)塊應(ying)(ying)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)先施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)后播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。 病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)： 我區(qu)常見(jian)的(de)病(bing)(bing)害主要(yao)是枯萎病(bing)(bing)、立枯病(bing)(bing)。蟲(chong)害有黑(hei)絨金龜(gui)甲。農事操作(zuo)(zuo)防(fang)治(zhi)一(yi)般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)輪作(zuo)(zuo)倒茬3年以(yi)(yi)上、深耕(geng)翻曬、拔除田(tian)間(jian)(jian)病(bing)(bing)株、選用(yong)(yong)抗病(bing)(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等農業措施(shi)。

4、及(ji)時收(shou)獲(huo)：當亞麻(ma)上部葉片黃(huang)萎，下(xia)部葉片脫落，莖稈和75%蒴果變黃(huang)色，種子變硬(ying)時即可收(shou)獲(huo)。過早成熟不(bu)夠影響產量；過晚蒴果易(yi)爆裂，且種皮變厚(hou)，降低出油(you)率。

5、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要求(qiu)：真實、準確記(ji)錄油用亞麻從(cong)選地(di)到收獲的生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)全過程(cheng)。

六.包裝(zhuang)標(biao)識相關規定

1、分(fen)級(ji)：一級(ji)：含(han)油量(liang)（以(yi)標準水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計）36.0%，水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)3.0，色澤，氣味正常。二級(ji)：含(han)油量(liang)（以(yi)標準水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計）35.0%，水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)4.0，色澤，氣味正常。 三級(ji)：含(han)油量(liang)（以(yi)標準水(shui)(shui)(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計）34.0%，水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)5.0，色澤，氣味正常。

2、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝：包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝使用(yong)麻袋時應符合(he) GB8115要求(qiu)。每一包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝件(jian)必須是同一品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、同一品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)、同等級的。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝容器應符合(he)衛生要求(qiu)，清潔干(gan)燥，無毒、無異味。保證適合(he)運輸和儲存。

3、標(biao)(biao)識：符合(he)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)注規定。還應在包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)外部(bu)印刷(shua)、粘貼或吊掛商品(pin)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)應清(qing)晰、不易脫(tuo)落或褪色。商品(pin)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)應注明以下內容(rong)： ——農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)稱、品(pin)種(zhong)； ——產(chan)(chan)地、生產(chan)(chan)者名(ming)稱、地址(zhi)、商標(biao)(biao)； ——包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)規格、凈重、等級； ——包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期(qi)、質檢(jian)人代(dai)號。

4、儲(chu)藏：亞麻籽的儲(chu)存按(an)照(zhao)中華(hua)人民(min)共和國(guo)原商業(ye)部《糧(liang)油儲(chu)藏技術規范》的規定執行。

5、運(yun)輸(shu)：亞麻籽的運(yun)輸(shu)按照中華人民(min)共和國(guo)原商業(ye)部糧(liang)油運(yun)輸(shu)中《關于執(zhi)行(xing)國(guo)家(jia)糧(liang)油標準有(you)關問(wen)題》的規(gui)定執(zhi)行(xing)。運(yun)輸(shu)工具應清潔衛生，有(you)防雨和通風設施。