一.產品介紹
西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)地(di)處寧(ning)夏(xia)回族自(zi)治區(qu)南(nan)(nan)部山區(qu),六(liu)盤山西(xi)(xi)麓,位(wei)于寧(ning)夏(xia)中部干(gan)旱帶南(nan)(nan)緣,處于東(dong)經(jing)105°20′-06°04′、北緯35°35′-36°14′之間。全縣(xian)轄(xia)19個鄉(鎮),296個行政村,總人(ren)(ren)(ren)口51.8萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),農(nong)(nong)(nong)業人(ren)(ren)(ren)口46.8萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),回族人(ren)(ren)(ren)口占總人(ren)(ren)(ren)口的52.7%。總土地(di)面積3144平方公(gong)里,耕地(di)面積270萬(wan)畝。地(di)勢南(nan)(nan)低,北、東(dong)、西(xi)(xi)漸(jian)次增高,海拔1688-2633米。農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標志界定為(wei)西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)范圍內(nei)的吉(ji)(ji)強(qiang)鎮、火(huo)石寨鄉、新營鄉、震(zhen)湖鄉、偏城鄉5鄉鎮的96個行政村,總生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)面積2萬(wan)公(gong)頃。西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)是(shi)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)的主產(chan)(chan)區(qu),也是(shi)寧(ning)夏(xia)最大的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業大縣(xian)。馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)產(chan)(chan)業是(shi)主導產(chan)(chan)業,在(zai)全縣(xian)地(di)區(qu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)總值(zhi)中占有(you)(you)主要地(di)位(wei),被當地(di)譽為(wei)“金豆(dou)豆(dou)”,并且(qie)西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)成(cheng)立有(you)(you)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源保(bao)存(cun)中心(xin),使優(you)質馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積達(da)到了(le)110萬(wan)畝左(zuo)右。西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)是(shi)當地(di)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民精(jing)心(xin)選(xuan)留與自(zi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇的結果。據《西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)縣(xian)志》記載,明代成(cheng)化年間“安民墾(ken)殖”,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以“洋芋(yu)”為(wei)主的秋糧作(zuo)物(wu),發展種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業;清咸豐十(shi)一(yi)年(1861年),“鼓勵開荒”,“洋芋(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)十(shi)之二(er)三”。在(zai)長期的馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實踐(jian)中,勞(lao)動人(ren)(ren)(ren)民積累(lei)了(le)豐富的種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和繁育(yu)經(jing)驗,馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)歷(li)年栽種(zhong)的品種(zhong)有(you)(you)麻芋(yu)、大紅(hong)苕、深眼(yan)窩,經(jing)過近(jin)300多年的種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逐步形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)具有(you)(you)代表性的西(xi)(xi)吉(ji)(ji)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯(shu)品種(zhong)“紅(hong)洋芋(yu)”,并在(zai)當地(di)廣(guang)泛種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),深受(shou)市場歡迎,產(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)(xiao)往兩廣(guang)、福建等全國各地(di),年銷(xiao)(xiao)售量達(da)到了(le)75萬(wan)噸以上,部分商品銷(xiao)(xiao)往東(dong)南(nan)(nan)亞等地(di)。
二(er).自然(ran)生態(tai)環境和人(ren)文歷史(shi)因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:全(quan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型主要有(you)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)山(shan)地(di)(di)、黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵、河谷(gu)川道三大類型,各(ge)地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型所(suo)占(zhan)比重分(fen)別為黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)83.5%,河谷(gu)川道區(qu)占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)6.1%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)石(shi)山(shan)區(qu)占(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)10.4%;西吉縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型以(yi)黃(huang)綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑(hei)壚土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為主,其中黑(hei)壚土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)占(zhan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)87.75%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)結構好(hao)(hao),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松,透氣性(xing)好(hao)(hao), pH值(zhi)6.1-7.0之間,有(you)機質含(han)量1.5%,水(shui)解氮40-60ppm,速效磷(lin)14-30ppm,速效鉀在(zai)150ppm以(yi)上,即水(shui)解氮和速效磷(lin)含(han)量中等,速效鉀豐富,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di)(di)疏松,通透性(xing)好(hao)(hao),耕作(zuo)層深厚,養分(fen)含(han)量高。
2、水(shui)文情(qing)況:河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)有葫(hu)蘆(lu)河(he)(he)(he)、清水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)、祖歷河(he)(he)(he)三條水(shui)系(xi),但年(nian)流(liu)經(jing)量 很小(xiao),冬春季多枯竭。東北部屬清水(shui)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系(xi),其余大(da)部分(fen)地區屬葫(hu)蘆(lu)河(he)(he)(he)水(shui)系(xi)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang):境(jing)(jing)內(nei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)和,雨量(liang)較少,光照(zhao)充足,無霜期短(duan),降(jiang)水和溫(wen)度變率大(da)。春季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)回升快,干(gan)旱(han)(han)多(duo)風(feng),冷(leng)暖(nuan)變化大(da),多(duo)有(you)倒(dao)春寒;夏(xia)季(ji)短(duan)暫(zan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)適(shi)中;秋季(ji)雨量(liang)較多(duo),降(jiang)溫(wen)快,霜凍(dong)早;冬季(ji)長,嚴(yan)寒干(gan)燥(zao)。年平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)5.3℃,極端(duan)最高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)33.9℃,極端(duan)最高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-27.1℃;平均(jun)無霜期144天。年日(ri)照(zhao)時數2034.3小時;年蒸(zheng)發量(liang)1297.7毫米,年平均(jun)降(jiang)水量(liang)350-500毫米。干(gan)旱(han)(han)、冰(bing)雹(bao)、霜凍(dong)等自(zi)然災害頻繁。全(quan)縣(xian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬溫(wen)帶半(ban)濕潤 向半(ban)干(gan)旱(han)(han)過渡(du),大(da)陸性特征(zheng)明顯,加之境(jing)(jing)內(nei)地勢高(gao)(gao)差懸殊,具有(you)復雜多(duo)樣的特點(dian)。平均(jun)風(feng)速1.8m/s,冬季(ji)多(duo)西(xi)北風(feng),夏(xia)季(ji)多(duo)東南(nan)風(feng)。
4、人文歷史情(qing)況:西(xi)(xi)吉縣是(shi)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)主(zhu)產區,也(ye)是(shi)寧夏(xia)最大的(de)(de)農業大縣。馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)是(shi)主(zhu)導產業,在(zai)(zai)全縣地(di)(di)區生(sheng)產總(zong)值中(zhong)占有(you)主(zhu)要地(di)(di)位,被當(dang)地(di)(di)譽為“金豆豆”,并且西(xi)(xi)吉縣成(cheng)立有(you)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資源(yuan)保存中(zhong)心,使優質馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面積達到(dao)了(le)120萬(wan)畝以(yi)上。西(xi)(xi)吉縣馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)是(shi)當(dang)地(di)(di)農民(min)精心選(xuan)留與自然選(xuan)擇的(de)(de)結果。據《西(xi)(xi)吉縣志》記載,明(ming)代成(cheng)化年(nian)間(jian)“安民(min)墾殖”,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)“洋芋”為主(zhu)的(de)(de)秋糧作物,發(fa)展種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業;清咸豐(feng)(feng)十一年(nian)(1861年(nian)),“鼓勵開(kai)荒”,“洋芋種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)十之(zhi)二三”。在(zai)(zai)長期的(de)(de)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實踐中(zhong),勞動人民(min)積累了(le)豐(feng)(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和繁育經驗(yan),馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)歷年(nian)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)麻(ma)芋、大紅苕、深眼窩,經過近300多年(nian)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)逐步形成(cheng)了(le)具有(you)代表(biao)性的(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)吉馬(ma)(ma)(ma)鈴薯(shu)(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“紅洋芋”,并在(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)廣泛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),深受市場歡迎,產品(pin)銷往(wang)兩廣、福(fu)建等全國各地(di)(di),年(nian)銷售量(liang)達到(dao)了(le)30萬(wan)噸以(yi)上,部分商品(pin)銷往(wang)東南亞等地(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
西(xi)(xi)吉縣地處寧夏(xia)回族自治區(qu)南部山區(qu),六盤山西(xi)(xi)麓,位于(yu)寧夏(xia)中部干旱帶南緣,處于(yu)東經105°20′-06°04′、北(bei)緯35°35′-36°14′之間。全縣轄(xia)19個(ge)鄉(xiang)(鎮),306個(ge)行政村(cun),總(zong)(zong)人(ren)口46.9萬人(ren),農(nong)業人(ren)口43.6萬人(ren),回族人(ren)口占總(zong)(zong)人(ren)口的52.7%。總(zong)(zong)土地面(mian)積3144平方公里(li),耕地面(mian)積320萬畝。地勢南低,北(bei)、東、西(xi)(xi)漸次增高,海拔1688-2633米。農(nong)產品地理(li)標志界(jie)定為西(xi)(xi)吉縣范圍內(nei)的吉強鎮、火(huo)石寨鄉(xiang)、新營鄉(xiang)、蘇堡鄉(xiang)、偏城鄉(xiang)5鄉(xiang)鎮的96個(ge)行政村(cun),總(zong)(zong)生產面(mian)積20000公頃,總(zong)(zong)產量45萬噸。
四(si).產品品質特性特征
1、外在感官特征:淀粉含量(liang)17.3%,干物(wu)質21.5%,芽眼較淺,薯型規則,表皮(pi)光滑,紅(hong)皮(pi)黃(huang)肉(rou),適(shi)宜鮮(xian)食菜用。煮食時,香(xiang)味(wei)四溢,口感香(xiang)而滑潤,風味(wei)獨特,烹菜時香(xiang)味(wei)散于屋內,口感較好,不宜斷裂,西吉(ji)縣馬鈴(ling)薯營養齊全(quan),它是寧夏馬鈴(ling)薯的代表,享譽國內。
2、內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標:以2500g鮮馬(ma)鈴薯為例(li):蛋(dan)(dan)白質含量(liang)42g、脂肪15.5g、糖(tang)類615g、熱(re)量(liang)2770cal、粗纖維(wei)31g、礦物質1586.5g、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)452.05mg。西吉馬(ma)鈴薯尤以淀粉、蛋(dan)(dan)白質、鐵、維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)C、B1 和(he)B2的含量(liang)為豐(feng)富。維(wei) 生(sheng)素(su)含量(liang)豐(feng)富,以2500g鮮馬(ma)鈴薯為例(li),維(wei)生(sheng)素(su)要多50g以上。
五.特(te)定生產方式
1、產地(di)選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)擇土質(zhi)較(jiao)輕、土層深(shen)厚、疏松肥沃(wo)、通透性好(hao)的地(di)塊,水澆地(di)要求灌(guan)排方便。實行三茬(cha)(cha)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)輪作(zuo),以(yi)豆類、麥類、玉米、水稻、胡(hu)麻、糜(mi)谷等為前(qian)(qian)(qian)茬(cha)(cha),中部干旱帶(dai)最好(hao)在輪歇地(di)上(shang)(shang)種植(zhi),禁忌與茄科作(zuo)物連作(zuo)、對茬(cha)(cha)。旱地(di)采(cai)(cai)用前(qian)(qian)(qian)茬(cha)(cha)作(zuo)物收(shou)獲后(hou)盡(jin)早深(shen)耕,耕深(shen)20cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang),遇雨淺(qian)耕收(shou)耱, 冬春鎮壓保(bao)墑,播(bo)前(qian)(qian)(qian)半月翻耕帶(dai)耱。前(qian)(qian)(qian)茬(cha)(cha)地(di)膜(mo)玉米地(di)可(ke)實行保(bao)護性耕作(zuo),即 玉米收(shou)獲后(hou)留(liu)膜(mo)留(liu)茬(cha)(cha)越冬,后(hou)茬(cha)(cha)馬鈴薯臨近(jin)(jin)播(bo)期清理殘膜(mo)、揀拾根茬(cha)(cha)、耙耱 整地(di);水澆地(di)采(cai)(cai)用前(qian)(qian)(qian)茬(cha)(cha)作(zuo)物收(shou)獲后(hou)機深(shen)翻,耕深(shen)25cm,適(shi)時灌(guan)足冬水,臨近(jin)(jin)播(bo)期整地(di)起壟。
2、品(pin)(pin)種選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)具有代表性的當地(di)品(pin)(pin)種“紅(hong)洋芋”,選(xuan)用質(zhi)量符(fu)合國標要(yao)求的脫毒(du)一、二級種薯。
3、生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)(guan)理(li):為加強西(xi)吉(ji)縣(xian)馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志各項(xiang)工(gong)作,使馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量達到綠色(se)食品(pin)標準要(yao)求,生(sheng)產(chan)高(gao)標準高(gao)質(zhi)(zhi)量的馬(ma)鈴(ling)薯,完(wan)善質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)體(ti)系(xi),特制(zhi)定以下(xia)各項(xiang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du),進行生(sheng)產(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)(guan)理(li)。一是基(ji)地(di)生(sheng)產(chan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)。二是農業(ye)投入品(pin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)。三(san)是技(ji)術(shu)指導和推廣制(zhi)度(du)。四是培訓制(zhi)度(du)。
4、產品(pin)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo):待地上部莖葉全部由綠(lv)變黃(huang)、塊莖停(ting)止(zhi)膨大后,根據鮮薯(shu)上市或(huo)交售、貯藏時間適期收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)。收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)前一周殺(sha)秧,收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)的鮮薯(shu)先(xian)要充分攤晾(liang),待薯(shu)皮木(mu)栓化后方可運輸、貯藏。
5、生產(chan)記(ji)錄要求:對產(chan)品生產(chan)地點,土(tu)壤耕作茬(cha)口,所(suo)使用農(nong)機具(ju),所(suo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用肥(fei)料名稱、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方式、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)時(shi)間、施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量,施(shi)(shi)(shi)用農(nong)藥(yao)名稱、施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)方式、施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)時(shi)間及施(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)對象,產(chan)品收獲、倉儲(chu)、銷售等項目(mu)的(de)日(ri)期、方式、數量等進行(xing)詳細的(de)記(ji)錄。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定
1、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang):在包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方(fang)式(shi)上(shang)采用箱(xiang)式(shi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)袋式(shi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)兩種(zhong)。
2、標(biao)識:標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)應在其(qi)產(chan)品或其(qi)包裝上統(tong)一使(shi)(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)(西吉馬鈴薯名稱和(he)公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注型式)。