一.產品介紹
武(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)(xian)種植(zhi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛歷史悠久,相(xiang)傳唐朝年(nian)(nian)間,曾為(wei)(wei)唐高宗、武(wu)(wu)(wu)則天等五代皇帝做過御醫(yi)的(de)養生大師葉法善(shan)晚年(nian)(nian)隱(yin)居于武(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)西南山(shan)區(原宣平縣(xian)(xian))一帶,為(wei)(wei)后人(ren)留下許多(duo)御用秘方(fang)(fang),而武(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛正是這些組方(fang)(fang)、遺方(fang)(fang)中(zhong)的(de)精華(hua)所在(zai)。明朝崇禎丙子年(nian)(nian)修訂的(de)《宣平縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)》(1958年(nian)(nian)原宣平縣(xian)(xian)撤銷建制并入(ru)武(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)(xian))記(ji)載,“石(shi)斛,俗(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)吊蘭(lan)……以(yi)沙(sha)石(shi)栽(zai)之或以(yi)物(wu)盛掛檐(yan)下,經年(nian)(nian)不死(si),俗(su)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)千年(nian)(nian)潤。”明確了武(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛人(ren)工栽(zai)培已有370多(duo)年(nian)(nian)歷史。 近年(nian)(nian)來,武(wu)(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛產(chan)(chan)業發展迅(xun)速,先后獲得(de)中(zhong)國(guo)義(yi)烏(國(guo)際(ji))森林產(chan)(chan)品(pin)博覽(lan)會金(jin)獎(jiang)(jiang)、金(jin)華(hua)市優質農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)金(jin)獎(jiang)(jiang)等獎(jiang)(jiang)項;同時被評為(wei)(wei)浙(zhe)江名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、金(jin)華(hua)名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、浙(zhe)江名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、金(jin)華(hua)市知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)商品(pin)稱(cheng)號(hao)等榮譽稱(cheng)號(hao)。
二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷(li)史因素
1、地(di)理地(di)貌 武(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石斛種植(zhi)于武(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)中(zhong)南部山區(qu),屬(shu)(shu)仙霞嶺(ling)山脈(mo),丹霞地(di)貌帶(dai)。地(di)勢(shi)南高(gao)(gao)北低,三(san)面環山,峰巒(luan)疊嶂,丘陵蜿蜒起伏,植(zhi)被豐富。海拔千(qian)米(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)山峰有79座,最高(gao)(gao)峰牛頭山國(guo)家森林(lin)公(gong)園位于武(wu)(wu)義(yi)、遂(sui)昌兩(liang)縣(xian)交界(jie)(jie),峰高(gao)(gao)1560米(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)浙(zhe)中(zhong)第一峰。境內森林(lin)茂(mao)密(mi),覆蓋率達(da)(da)85.93%(全縣(xian)森林(lin)覆蓋率達(da)(da)72%),自然生(sheng)態環境優(you)越,非(fei)常適宜鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石斛的(de)生(sheng)長。 2、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)質地(di) 保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內有紅壤(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)、巖石性土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)5個土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)紅壤(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)呈地(di)域性和垂直分(fen)布,PH值為(wei)(wei)5.5-7.5,微酸(suan)性或酸(suan)性,土(tu)(tu)(tu)質肥沃,富含有機(ji)質(山地(di)有機(ji)質平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)含量達(da)(da)4.03%),保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)肥能力強,排灌條件好。 3、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文 境內中(zhong)部由東(dong)至西以(yi)大殿嶺(ling)至樊(fan)嶺(ling)為(wei)(wei)界(jie)(jie),形成南北兩(liang)大水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。南部河(he)流(liu)(liu)入麗江(jiang)(jiang)大溪(xi),屬(shu)(shu)甌(ou)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)有東(dong)溪(xi)與西溪(xi),以(yi)及兩(liang)溪(xi)匯流(liu)(liu)后的(de)午溪(xi)(宣平(ping)溪(xi));北部河(he)流(liu)(liu)入金華婺江(jiang)(jiang),屬(shu)(shu)錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi),主要(yao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)(wei)武(wu)(wu)義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)及其一二級支流(liu)(liu)麻陽(yang)港、熟溪(xi)等。保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)內大小河(he)流(liu)(liu)密(mi)布,均(jun)(jun)(jun)屬(shu)(shu)山溪(xi)性河(he)流(liu)(liu),上(shang)游為(wei)(wei)崇山峻嶺(ling),源短流(liu)(liu)急,河(he)床狹(xia)窄(zhai)比降(jiang)大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量豐沛(pei),洪(hong)枯明(ming)顯(xian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質清澈、純凈。建有宣平(ping)溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(庫容(rong)3105萬立方)、源口水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(庫容(rong)2220萬立方)兩(liang)座中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質均(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)(da)到國(guo)家Ⅱ級飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)標準,是理想的(de)農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)和生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。 4、氣候 武(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石斛種植(zhi)區(qu)域屬(shu)(shu)亞熱帶(dai)季風氣候。年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)16.9℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)際間在16.2~17.6℃范(fan)圍(wei)內變動。1月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)4.8℃,7月(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)28.4℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)最低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)-8℃、最高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)39℃,極端溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度日數少。年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)1524毫米(mi)(mi),相(xiang)對濕度為(wei)(wei)81%。年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照1838小時(shi),日照率41%。無霜期279天。山間云霧繚繞,夏季涼爽。
三.地域范圍
武(wu)義鐵皮石斛(hu)農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志地域保護(hu)范圍(wei),東至(zhi)泉溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)車蘇(su)和千丈巖,南到(dao)三(san)港鄉(xiang)(xiang)三(san)港村,西(xi)起西(xi)聯鄉(xiang)(xiang)大(da)坑(keng)下,北(bei)至(zhi)白姆鄉(xiang)(xiang)張坑(keng)和長蛇形村,地理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)119°28′—119°55′,北(bei)緯28°32′—28°50′,包(bao)括武(wu)義縣王宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、白姆鄉(xiang)(xiang)、泉溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、俞源鄉(xiang)(xiang)、熟溪(xi)街道、坦洪鄉(xiang)(xiang)、柳(liu)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、桃溪(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)聯鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)田鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三(san)港鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大(da)溪(xi)口鄉(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)13個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)街道95個行政村。可種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)2388.7公(gong)頃,2011年種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)452公(gong)頃。
四(si).產品品質特性特征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在感官特(te)征 1.1鮮品(pin)(pin) 莖黃綠(lv)色,縱紋色淺。花(hua)黃綠(lv)色。略(lve)具青(qing)草(cao)香氣,味淡或微(wei)(wei)甜,嚼之初有黏滑感,繼有濃厚(hou)粘滯(zhi)感。園(yuan)柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),橫斷面(mian)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),節(jie)間(jian)微(wei)(wei)胖;節(jie)明顯,節(jie)間(jian)1.3 cm~1.7cm,不分(fen)枝,莖粗2mm~6mm,葉二列,互生,矩園(yuan)狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),基部下延為(wei)抱莖的鞘,邊(bian)緣和中肋常(chang)帶(dai)淡紫色,葉鞘常(chang)具紫斑,老時其上緣與(yu)莖松離而(er)張開,并且留下1個(ge)環狀鐵(tie)青(qing)的間(jian)隙。總狀花(hua)序常(chang)從葉的老莖上部發出,具花(hua)2朵~3朵;萼片和花(hua)瓣黃綠(lv)色,長園(yuan)狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),長約1.8cm,寬4mm~5mm。 1.2干品(pin)(pin)(鐵(tie)皮(pi)楓斗) 黃綠(lv)色。略(lve)具青(qing)草(cao)香氣,味淡,后微(wei)(wei)甜,嚼之初有黏滑感,繼有濃厚(hou)粘滯(zhi)感,無渣(zha)滓。呈螺旋(xuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或彈簧狀,一般為(wei)3~5個(ge)旋(xuan)紋,莖拉直后長3.5cm~8 cm,直徑0.2cm~0.3 cm,表面(mian)有細縱皺紋,質堅實,易折(zhe)斷,斷面(mian)平坦(tan)。 2、內在品(pin)(pin)質指標(biao) 2.1鮮品(pin)(pin) 水分(fen)≤88%,粗多糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(以(yi)葡萄糖(tang)(tang)(tang)計)≥25%(干燥后)。 2.2干品(pin)(pin)(鐵(tie)皮(pi)楓斗) 水分(fen)≤12%,灰分(fen)≤6.0%,酸不溶性灰分(fen)≤1.2%,浸(jin)出物≥6.5%,粗多糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(以(yi)無水葡萄糖(tang)(tang)(tang)計)≥25%,甘露糖(tang)(tang)(tang)與(yu)葡萄糖(tang)(tang)(tang)峰面(mian)積比為(wei)2.4~8.0,甘露糖(tang)(tang)(tang)13.0%~38.0%。 2.3、安全(quan)要求 執行(xing)浙江省(sheng)地方標(biao)準(zhun)《無公害 鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛(hu)》(DB33/635.4-2007)的標(biao)準(zhun)。
五.特定生產(chan)方式
1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze) 武義鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)距(ju)離交通主(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)道100m以(yi)外,遠離廠(chang)礦(kuang)(kuang)企業等(deng)污(wu)染源,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)良好(hao)(hao),水源充分(fen),具有(you)(you)(you)(you)可(ke)持續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河谷(gu)、山谷(gu)坡(po)地(di)和(he)(he)(he)臺坡(po)地(di)等(deng)區域。基(ji)(ji)地(di)海(hai)拔(ba)高度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)250~800米間,土(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo),土(tu)層(ceng)大(da)于(yu)(yu)30cm,排(pai)(pai)灌良好(hao)(hao),相對(dui)集中(zhong)連片,可(ke)專業化(hua)、規模(mo)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。大(da)氣、水質(zhi)等(deng)條件必(bi)須符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)浙江省(sheng)地(di)方(fang)標(biao)準《無公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)》產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)(DB33/T635.1-2007)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。 2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求 選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)適應(ying)(ying)性(xing)、抗逆性(xing)強(qiang),豐(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)、商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)性(xing)好(hao)(hao),有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成(cheng)分(fen)含量(liang)高,適宜當地(di)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“仙斛(hu)(hu)1號”、“仙斛(hu)(hu)2號”等(deng)優良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(品(pin)(pin)(pin)系(xi))。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)(he)《中(zhong)國植(zhi)物(wu)志(zhi)》收(shou)(shou)載的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘭科(ke)植(zhi)物(wu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)特征(zheng),并(bing)經過(guo)(guo)鑒定確(que)認。利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)組織培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養技術培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)、原(yuan)球(qiu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)誘導苗(miao)和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)定芽誘導苗(miao)。原(yuan)球(qiu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)繼代(dai)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)~5代(dai),不(bu)定芽繼代(dai)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)以(yi)內。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗(miao)應(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)為(wei)非污(wu)染、無爛莖(jing)(jing)(jing)、爛根(gen)、黃(huang)葉(xie),葉(xie)齡在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)4片以(yi)上(shang)(shang),正常展開(kai)(kai)(kai),葉(xie)色嫩綠或翠綠。苗(miao)株高≥2.5厘(li)(li)米,莖(jing)(jing)(jing)粗≥0.2厘(li)(li)米。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)管理 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)嚴格按照《有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)》第(di)一部(bu)分(fen):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(GB/T19630.1-2005)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)優質(zhi)安全。 3.1場地(di)準備 栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)設(she)施(shi)搭建(jian)前先深(shen)翻(fan)土(tu)壤20cm~30cm,暴曬(shai),表(biao)面撒(sa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)(shi)灰100kg/667平方(fang)米進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)深(shen)翻(fan)消(xiao)毒(du)。架設(she)玻璃溫(wen)室或大(da)棚,配(pei)置遮(zhe)陽(yang)網、噴霧和(he)(he)(he)灌溉(gai)(gai)等(deng)設(she)備設(she)施(shi)。開(kai)(kai)(kai)溝(gou)(gou)作畦(qi),畦(qi)寬1.2m~1.4m、長(chang)≤40m;畦(qi)面呈龜背型,畦(qi)高約(yue)15cm;開(kai)(kai)(kai)好(hao)(hao)畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)、圍(wei)(wei)溝(gou)(gou),使(shi)(shi)溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相通,并(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)出水口。 3.2鋪設(she)基(ji)(ji)質(zhi) 要(yao)求土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)大(da)于(yu)(yu)30cm,將基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)鋪在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)層(ceng)上(shang)(shang),高約(yue)10cm,可(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菌菌種(zhong)(zhong)。基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)選(xuan)擇(ze)松鱗、苔蘚(xian)、植(zhi)物(wu)根(gen)、莖(jing)(jing)(jing)、葉(xie)及碎石(shi)(shi)片等(deng)。基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前應(ying)(ying)該(gai)(gai)經堆制發(fa)(fa)酵3~4天處(chu)理,含水量(liang)控(kong)制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)60%左右。 3.3種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)移(yi)栽(zai)(zai) 移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)間宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)下旬~10月(yue)底。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)水將組培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養基(ji)(ji)充分(fen)清(qing)洗干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)凈。移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi),以(yi)2株~4株為(wei)一叢,按10cm×10cm行(xing)(xing)株距(ju)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)。 3.4移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)水溫(wen)管理 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期,應(ying)(ying)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)陽(yang)降(jiang)低光照。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)15℃~28℃,栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)棚內溫(wen)度(du)應(ying)(ying)低于(yu)(yu)45℃,高于(yu)(yu)0℃。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)入冬(dong)季(ji)之前,要(yao)對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)抗凍(dong)煉苗(miao)并(bing)適當降(jiang)溫(wen)。越(yue)冬(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候,要(yao)注(zhu)意保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)溫(wen)。基(ji)(ji)質(zhi)以(yi)偏(pian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)為(wei)好(hao)(hao),栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)視(shi)植(zhi)株生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情況,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)三天開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)可(ke)以(yi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)一次(ci)澆水。若遇天氣干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han),可(ke)結合(he)(he)(he)追肥(fei)(fei)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)灌水。伏(fu)天干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)旱(han),可(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早晚噴水,切勿在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陽(yang)光暴曬(shai)下進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。雨(yu)季(ji)時(shi)(shi),要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)清(qing)溝(gou)(gou)理墑,加(jia)(jia)(jia)深(shen)畦(qi)溝(gou)(gou)和(he)(he)(he)排(pai)(pai)水溝(gou)(gou),及時(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)水。栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)一周后(hou)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),禁止(zhi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)、城市生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)、醫院垃(la)圾(ji)、工(gong)(gong)業垃(la)圾(ji)和(he)(he)(he)糞(fen)便,只施(shi)腐熟有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)或商(shang)品(pin)(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)優質(zhi)安全。 3.5病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi) 栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)人工(gong)(gong)除草(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)松土(tu),禁止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)任何除草(cao)(cao)劑。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)治(zhi)遵循“預防(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)、綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)針,優先采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農業防(fang)治(zhi),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)預處(chu)理、清(qing)理場地(di)周圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜物(wu)、棚內外嚴格隔(ge)離,應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)蔭網,合(he)(he)(he)理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)通風、降(jiang)濕。綜合(he)(he)(he)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi),開(kai)(kai)(kai)展以(yi)竹醋液、石(shi)(shi)灰、黑光燈誘殺(sha)以(yi)及其他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農藥(yao)、礦(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)農藥(yao)等(deng)綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。禁止(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學合(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)農藥(yao),防(fang)止(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)對(dui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染。 4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)與加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong) 采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)分(fen)植(zhi)株。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)可(ke)全年(nian)按成(cheng)熟度(du)分(fen)批分(fen)期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)制作鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)楓斗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),則11月(yue)至(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)4月(yue)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)前對(dui)所有(you)(you)(you)(you)器具、運輸車輛、包裝物(wu)等(deng)檢修、清(qing)洗、消(xiao)毒(du)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)及時(shi)(shi)取(qu)樣(yang),檢測多糖、水份等(deng),貯藏(zang)陰涼潮(chao)濕處(chu),防(fang)凍(dong)。鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)楓斗加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong):將鮮鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭火上(shang)(shang)微烤(kao)(kao),并(bing)不(bu)斷翻(fan)動,使(shi)(shi)受熱均勻,撿較長(chang)者酌予剪斷成(cheng)約(yue)5~7cm長(chang)。烤(kao)(kao)至(zhi)枝條柔軟時(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)拇(mu)指(zhi)、食指(zhi)、中(zhong)指(zhi)夾住莖(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)端,緩(huan)緩(huan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)力扭曲,邊(bian)扭邊(bian)烤(kao)(kao),待繞成(cheng)了3~5環(huan),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)手指(zhi)壓成(cheng)螺旋形圓柱(zhu)狀(zhuang),再(zai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牛(niu)皮(pi)紙(zhi)固定,置通風處(chu)放置數(shu)日,拆去紙(zhi)條,再(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)炭火上(shang)(shang)烘烤(kao)(kao)至(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)。 5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄 建(jian)立鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)田(tian)間生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檔案、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)檔案。記(ji)(ji)錄土(tu)壤、灌溉(gai)(gai)水、空(kong)氣等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)狀(zhuang)況和(he)(he)(he)小氣候資料(liao);如實記(ji)(ji)載育苗(miao)、移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)間,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)農業投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱、來(lai)源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)日期,病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治(zhi)情況;產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)間、采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)量(liang)、鮮重和(he)(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)減重、運輸、貯藏(zang)以(yi)及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)訓(xun)情況。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄實行(xing)(xing)專人負責,及時(shi)(shi)歸檔,保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)存期三年(nian)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。
六.包裝標識相(xiang)關(guan)規定
1、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝 包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝材(cai)料符合(he)食品(pin)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)要求,應(ying)干燥、清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)、無(wu)(wu)毒(du)、無(wu)(wu)異氣味,不影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝應(ying)牢(lao)固、防潮、整潔(jie)(jie)。 2、標(biao)(biao)識 銷售的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)應(ying)標(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)、采摘日(ri)期(或包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝日(ri)期)、凈含量、保(bao)質期、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)編號、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位(或經(jing)(jing)銷單(dan)位)名稱(cheng)和(he)地(di)址(zhi)。標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用人應(ying)在其產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或其包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝上標(biao)(biao)有(you)(you)“武(wu)義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)”字樣和(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識。經(jing)(jing)認(ren)證(zheng)獲(huo)得無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)、綠色或有(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)可在包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝上加貼相應(ying)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。 3、貯藏 選擇清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)(wu)污染的場所。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)害(hai)、有(you)(you)異味、易污染的物品(pin)放(fang)在一起。 4、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)應(ying)選擇清(qing)(qing)潔(jie)(jie)、衛(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)、無(wu)(wu)污染的運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工具,運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)過(guo)程應(ying)防止雨(yu)淋、暴曬。嚴禁與(yu)其他(ta)有(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)害(hai)物混運(yun)。 5、標(biao)(biao)識管理 地(di)域范(fan)圍內的武(wu)義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝上使用已獲(huo)得等級保(bao)護的武(wu)義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)(hu)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須(xu)向登記證(zheng)書持有(you)(you)人提出申請,并簽(qian)訂(ding)相關合(he)同,按照相關要求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)使用標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),統一采用產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名稱(cheng)和(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)識相結合(he)的標(biao)(biao)識標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)方法。