一、電纜附件是什么

電力電纜附件（英文名稱：Cable Accessories）是連(lian)(lian)(lian)接電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與(yu)輸配電(dian)線路及相關配電(dian)裝置的產品，一般指(zhi)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線路中(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)種電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的中(zhong)(zhong)間連(lian)(lian)(lian)接及終(zhong)端連(lian)(lian)(lian)接，它(ta)與(yu)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)一起構(gou)成電(dian)力輸送網絡。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)件(jian)主(zhu)要是依據電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結構(gou)的特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，既能(neng)恢復電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)，又保(bao)證電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長度(du)的延長及終(zhong)端的連(lian)(lian)(lian)接。高壓電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)件(jian)的可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)以從電(dian)氣性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)、密(mi)封防潮(chao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)、機(ji)械性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)和工藝性(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)等方面進行評判。

二、電纜附件包括什么

電纜的各種中間接頭和終端頭，統稱為電纜附件，常用于制作電纜中間接(jie)頭和終(zhong)端(duan)頭的配件(jian)有接(jie)線(xian)端(duan)子、連接(jie)管、接(jie)地線(xian)、撐板、電纜終(zhong)端(duan)盒、電纜中間接(jie)頭盒等。

1、接線端子

也稱接(jie)(jie)線(xian)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，通過接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)使得電(dian)(dian)纜導線(xian)與(yu)設(she)備(bei)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)相連接(jie)(jie)。根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)纜導線(xian)材(cai)料(liao)的不同，接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)分(fen)為銅(tong)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DT和DTM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、鋁鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DLM系(xi)(xi)列(lie)鋁接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）、銅(tong)鋁過渡鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)（如(ru)：DTL系(xi)(xi)列(lie)銅(tong)鋁接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)）。銅(tong)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)用于電(dian)(dian)纜導線(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)(jie)設(she)備(bei)材(cai)料(liao)均(jun)為銅(tong)。當電(dian)(dian)纜導線(xian)與(yu)所接(jie)(jie)設(she)備(bei)材(cai)料(liao)不同時要采用銅(tong)鋁過渡鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，各種(zhong)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)鼻子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均(jun)有成品(pin)供應，特(te)殊情況下(xia)也可以(yi)單獨加工。

2、連接管

用于電纜中間接頭(tou)的導線連(lian)(lian)(lian)接，也分(fen)為銅(tong)(tong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)（如(ru)：GT系列銅(tong)(tong)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)）、鋁(lv)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)（如(ru)：GL和(he)GLM系列鋁(lv)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)）、銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)過渡連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)（如(ru)：GTLM系列銅(tong)(tong)鋁(lv)連(lian)(lian)(lian)接管(guan)）。

3、接地線

當電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)導線(xian)(xian)流過短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流時，由于短路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流往往較(jiao)大，會在(zai)金(jin)屬護(hu)(hu)套(tao)中(zhong)產(chan)生一定的感應電(dian)(dian)壓，當感應電(dian)(dian)壓超過一定值時，就(jiu)能擊穿電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的內襯(chen)層，引起電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)，嚴(yan)重的還會燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)護(hu)(hu)套(tao)。為了防止(zhi)這種事故的發生，必須將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)除線(xian)(xian)芯以外的金(jin)屬部分連接起來(lai)(lai)并且接地。通常的做(zuo)法是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的金(jin)屬護(hu)(hu)套(tao)、金(jin)屬屏蔽層、鎧裝層、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)終端頭及中(zhong)間接頭的金(jin)屬外殼用導線(xian)(xian)錫焊起來(lai)(lai)并與接地網相(xiang)連接。

4、撐板

在多芯(xin)電纜(lan)的(de)(de)中(zhong)間(jian)接(jie)頭中(zhong)，為了(le)保持絕(jue)(jue)緣線芯(xin)之間(jian)及與(yu)(yu)鉛(qian)或銅套(tao)管之間(jian)的(de)(de)距離，保證相間(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣以(yi)(yi)及便(bian)于固定(ding)安裝(zhuang)，需要(yao)使用撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)，撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)主(zhu)要(yao)有瓷(ci)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)和環氧樹脂撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)的(de)(de)選擇(ze)要(yao)與(yu)(yu)護套(tao)管相配(pei)套(tao)。沒有合適的(de)(de)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)時也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)將絕(jue)(jue)緣帶卷成小卷置于電纜(lan)芯(xin)之間(jian)，以(yi)(yi)代(dai)替成撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)。

5、電纜終端盒

電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)頭的外(wai)殼(ke)總稱(cheng)。根據(ju)不同的使用(yong)環(huan)境，電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)可以分(fen)為(wei)戶內終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)和戶外(wai)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)兩種。戶內電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)一(yi)般采用(yong)尼龍(long)、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂或聚丙乙烯等作為(wei)材(cai)料(liao)。戶外(wai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)有(you)鋁合金電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)、環(huan)氧樹(shu)脂終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)盒(he)等。選擇時要根據(ju)實際情況而定。

6、電纜中間接頭盒

電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)的外殼(ke)稱為(wei)電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)(he)。電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)(he)根(gen)據使(shi)用的場合和材料的不同主要(yao)分為(wei)以下(xia)(xia)幾類：鉛(qian)套管式地(di)下(xia)(xia)電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)(he)、玻璃鋼地(di)下(xia)(xia)電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中間(jian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)(he)、聚(ju)苯乙烯電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)(he)、鑄(zhu)鋁(lv)合金電纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒(he)(he)。