一、防爆電器和非防爆電器的區別在哪里

很多人可能不知道防爆電器到底是什么，用在什么場所的，和普通的電器產品有什么區別？為了更好地讓大家明白防爆電器與(yu)普通(tong)電器的區別，在這里(li)給大(da)家做個(ge)簡單的比較。

1、使用區域不同

防(fang)爆電氣(qi)是按照(zhao)電氣(qi)防(fang)爆國家標準GB3836（氣(qi)體防(fang)爆）或GB12476（粉塵防(fang)爆）設計生產并(bing)通(tong)過防(fang)爆認(ren)證取得(de)防(fang)爆合格證，可以用(yong)在危險區(qu)域和安(an)全(quan)區(qu)域；非防(fang)爆的(de)只能在安(an)全(quan)區(qu)域使用(yong)。

2、裝置不同

防爆電器和普通電器的(de)區(qu)別是防爆電器有一(yi)個密封性(xing)的(de)殼體。

該圖片由注冊用戶"淺嘗不止—"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、防爆電器的設計特點有哪些

1、外殼的設計

便攜式(shi)、本質安(an)全型儀(yi)器儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)的外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)有(you)時采用(yong)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)，有(you)時采用(yong)金屬(shu)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)。當選(xuan)用(yong)塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)時，為保證塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)正常工作時不積聚危險靜(jing)電，其表(biao)(biao)面電阻不得超過(guo)1×109Ω。塑(su)(su)料(liao)(liao)外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)應經過(guo)抗沖(chong)擊試驗和熱穩定(ding)試驗。

正常運行產(chan)生(sheng)火花(hua)、電弧或危(wei)險溫(wen)度的(de)(de)電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備、功率大于(yu)250W或電流(liu)大于(yu)5A的(de)(de)Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備，均(jun)須采用(yong)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)(he)與(yu)設(she)(she)備主(zhu)體進(jin)行電氣(qi)連(lian)接(jie)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)(he)就(jiu)是(shi)專供電纜或導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備進(jin)行連(lian)接(jie)的(de)(de)部件(jian)。Ⅰ類(lei)(lei)隔爆(bao)型電氣(qi)設(she)(she)備廣泛使用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)隔爆(bao)型接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。盒(he)(he)接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)(he)內(nei)壁應涂耐弧漆(qi)，接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)(he)及主(zhu)體腔(qiang)上的(de)(de)隔爆(bao)接(jie)合面應做防(fang)銹處理，如涂防(fang)銹油(you)等。

另外，對于防爆電器，要在其(qi)外殼(ke)的明顯處(chu)有永久性的Ex防爆總標志及MA安全標志。

針對(dui)某(mou)些地(di)方煤礦井下存在的(de)電機違(wei)章操作現象，我們研制(zhi)了QF40型小型防(fang)爆(bao)起動器，其額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電壓380V，額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電流(liu)40A。外殼設計(ji)分為(wei)主體腔(qiang)與接線腔(qiang)。外殼為(wei)3mm厚鋼板。隔爆(bao)接合面的(de)尺(chi)寸及加工精度符(fu)合GB3836.2規定(ding)(ding)。外殼外形尺(chi)寸為(wei)437mm×308mm，外殼防(fang)護等(deng)級為(wei)IP54。在外殼的(de)正前(qian)方設有(you)銘牌，銘牌右上角(jiao)設有(you)Ex標志(zhi)，防(fang)爆(bao)標志(zhi)dⅠ（150℃），此外，銘牌上還標有(you)名稱(cheng)、型號(hao)、額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電壓、額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電流(liu)、防(fang)爆(bao)合格證編(bian)號(hao)、安全標志(zhi)、出廠編(bian)號(hao)、制(zhi)造日期等(deng)。

2、電路的設計

首(shou)先，電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)設(she)計(ji)要完成電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)功能，保證電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)原理的(de)正確(que)性(xing)。其次(ci)，防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)間(jian)隙(xi)、爬(pa)(pa)電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離、絕緣(yuan)參數必須(xu)符合GB3836的(de)規(gui)定要求。例如，研制(zhi)QF40型防爆(bao)(bao)(bao)起動器(qi)時，將接線(xian)柱的(de)爬(pa)(pa)電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離設(she)計(ji)為不(bu)(bu)小于16mm，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)間(jian)隙(xi)不(bu)(bu)小于10mm。隔(ge)(ge)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)腔內電(dian)(dian)器(qi)元件及(ji)裝配布置爬(pa)(pa)電(dian)(dian)距(ju)離不(bu)(bu)小于16mm，電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)間(jian)隙(xi)不(bu)(bu)小于10mm。隔(ge)(ge)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)接線(xian)腔內設(she)有內接地(di)螺栓。外殼(ke)設(she)有外接地(di)螺栓。

研(yan)制(zhi)的(de)本質安全型(xing)鋼弦頻率(lv)計在正常工作(zuo)和故障狀態下(xia)的(de)最大(da)工作(zuo)電流(liu)和電壓(ya)均不大(da)于(yu)所設計的(de)最大(da)允許電流(liu)：它(ta)的(de)爬電距離(li)為3mm，絕緣涂層下(xia)的(de)爬電距離(li)為1mm，電氣間隙為3mm。

3、電源的設計

本(ben)質(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)型便攜式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備最(zui)(zui)常用的(de)(de)(de)獨(du)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)是(shi)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)都屬于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，可按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)點燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)曲線(xian)確定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)安(an)(an)全(quan)參數。按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓查出相(xiang)應(ying)最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)點燃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，再除以安(an)(an)全(quan)系數值(zhi)(zhi)（為2），即為該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)設計允許(xu)最(zui)(zui)大安(an)(an)全(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)(zui)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)直接短(duan)路(lu)。因此(ci)，應(ying)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)作為衡量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)本(ben)質(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)性能的(de)(de)(de)基準(zhun)。若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)最(zui)(zui)大短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大于設計允許(xu)值(zhi)(zhi)，必須串(chuan)加(jia)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)。并(bing)且，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)或蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與(yu)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)膠封(feng)為一體，構成本(ben)質(zhi)安(an)(an)全(quan)型組件。膠封(feng)材料有(you)環氧樹脂、硅橡膠、工業石(shi)蠟等。

例如，我們在設(she)計鋼弦頻率(lv)(lv)計時特(te)制(zhi)(zhi)的本安(an)電(dian)(dian)池組，由(you)4節5#充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池串接而成，并串入一個(ge)用(yong)康銅絲(si)自制(zhi)(zhi)的限(xian)流電(dian)(dian)阻，其(qi)功率(lv)(lv)為5.2W。并用(yong)環氧樹脂膠液充滿電(dian)(dian)池盒整個(ge)空(kong)間，灌封牢固(gu)。

煤礦(kuang)井下(xia)實際應用的本(ben)質安(an)全型電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)，還有(you)許多采用從動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)網引入(ru)經整流供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。由于輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路與動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)網關聯，所以，要設計(ji)成隔爆兼本(ben)質安(an)全型。

對于隔(ge)爆(bao)型電(dian)器的電(dian)源(yuan)，是在上(shang)級(ji)斷(duan)電(dian)時，在隔(ge)爆(bao)接線盒內接線，完(wan)成(cheng)電(dian)器電(dian)源(yuan)的連通工作。