一、燃氣輪機可以發電嗎

可以，我們(men)常見的火力發電(dian)(dian)廠并非只有(you)煤電(dian)(dian)，單純按(an)照燃料(liao)分，除(chu)了煤電(dian)(dian)還有(you)燃油(you)發電(dian)(dian)和(he)燃氣(qi)發電(dian)(dian)。如果按(an)照原(yuan)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)來分類，就有(you)汽輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian)、燃氣(qi)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian)和(he)柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian)這三(san)種。

燃氣輪機發(fa)電可以(yi)使用(yong)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)這(zhe)種氣(qi)體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)，也(ye)可以(yi)使用(yong)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)油這(zhe)種液體(ti)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)，在燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)料(liao)的(de)(de)適應(ying)性上比較強，發(fa)電效率(lv)也(ye)比較高。不(bu)過燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)機發(fa)電最大的(de)(de)問題是初期投(tou)資較高，長期運行(xing)成本(ben)也(ye)不(bu)低(di)，特別(bie)是天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)的(de)(de)過濾以(yi)及燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)機的(de)(de)維(wei)護和清(qing)洗，工序都很復(fu)雜。所以(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)機發(fa)電很大程(cheng)度上是作為(wei)火(huo)力發(fa)電的(de)(de)應(ying)急備用(yong)部分，對保(bao)障(zhang)國家能源安全(quan)有著重要戰略意義。

該圖片由注冊用戶"淺嘗不止—"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、燃氣輪機的發電形式有哪些

1、簡單循環發電

由燃氣輪(lun)(lun)機和(he)(he)發電(dian)機獨(du)立組(zu)成的循環系(xi)統(tong)，也稱(cheng)為(wei)開(kai)式(shi)循環。其優點是(shi)裝機快、起停靈(ling)活(huo)，多用于電(dian)網調峰和(he)(he)交通(tong)、工業(ye)動(dong)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)。最(zui)高效(xiao)率的開(kai)式(shi)循環系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)GE公司LM6000PC 輕型燃氣輪(lun)(lun)機，效(xiao)率為(wei)43%。

2、前置循環熱電聯產或發電

由燃(ran)氣輪機(ji)(ji)及發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)與余(yu)熱(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)共同組成的(de)循(xun)環(huan)系(xi)統，它將(jiang)燃(ran)氣輪機(ji)(ji)排(pai)出(chu)的(de)功后高溫乏煙氣通過余(yu)熱(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)回(hui)(hui)收，轉換為(wei)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)或熱(re)(re)水加(jia)以利用。主要用于熱(re)(re)電(dian)聯(lian)產，也有將(jiang)余(yu)熱(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)的(de)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)回(hui)(hui)注入燃(ran)氣輪機(ji)(ji)提高燃(ran)氣輪機(ji)(ji)出(chu)力和效(xiao)率。最高效(xiao)率的(de)前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)(hui)注循(xun)環(huan)系(xi)統是GE公司LM5000-STIG120 輕型燃(ran)氣輪機(ji)(ji)，效(xiao)率為(wei)43.3%。前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)循(xun)環(huan)熱(re)(re)電(dian)聯(lian)產時的(de)總(zong)效(xiao)率一般均超過80%。為(wei)提高供(gong)熱(re)(re)的(de)靈(ling)活性，大(da)多前(qian)置(zhi)(zhi)循(xun)環(huan)熱(re)(re)電(dian)聯(lian)產機(ji)(ji)組采(cai)用余(yu)熱(re)(re)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)補燃(ran)技(ji)術(shu)，補燃(ran)時的(de)總(zong)效(xiao)率超過90%。

3、聯合循環發電或熱電聯產

燃氣輪機及發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)與余熱鍋爐(lu)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)或(huo)供(gong)熱式蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)（抽汽(qi)式或(huo)背(bei)壓式）共同(tong)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)系統，它將燃氣輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)排出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功后高(gao)(gao)溫乏(fa)煙氣通(tong)過余熱鍋爐(lu)回收轉換為蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)，再將蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)注入蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)，或(huo)將部(bu)分發(fa)電(dian)作功后的(de)(de)(de)(de)乏(fa)汽(qi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)供(gong)熱。形式有(you)燃氣輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)同(tong)軸(zhou)(zhou)推動(dong)一臺發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)單軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)合(he)循環(huan)，也(ye)有(you)燃氣輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)各自(zi)推動(dong)各自(zi)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)合(he)循環(huan)。主要用(yong)(yong)于(yu)發(fa)電(dian)和(he)熱電(dian)聯(lian)產，發(fa)電(dian)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最高(gao)(gao)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)合(he)循環(huan)系統是(shi)ABB公司GT26-1，效率為58.5%。

4、整體化循環

由(you)煤(mei)(mei)氣發生爐、燃(ran)氣輪(lun)機、余熱鍋爐和蒸汽輪(lun)機共同組(zu)成(cheng)的循環系(xi)統(tong)，也(ye)稱為IGCC。主要解決使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)低廉的固體(ti)化(hua)石燃(ran)料(liao)代替燃(ran)氣輪(lun)機使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氣體(ti)、液體(ti)燃(ran)料(liao)，提(ti)高(gao)煤(mei)(mei)炭利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效率(lv)，降低污染物排放(fang)。可(ke)(ke)作為城市(shi)煤(mei)(mei)氣、電力、集(ji)中供熱和集(ji)中制冷、以及建材、化(hua)工原料(liao)綜合供應系(xi)統(tong)。GE公司使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) MS7001F技術組(zu)成(cheng)的整體(ti)循環系(xi)統(tong)發電效率(lv)可(ke)(ke)達(da)到(dao)42%

5、核燃聯合循環

由燃氣(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)、余熱(re)(re)鍋爐和核(he)反應(ying)堆、蒸(zheng)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)共同(tong)組成的(de)發電循環系(xi)統(tong)。通過燃氣(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)排(pai)出的(de)煙(yan)氣(qi)再(zai)熱(re)(re)核(he)反應(ying)堆輸出的(de)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)，主要為提(ti)高(gao)核(he)反應(ying)堆蒸(zheng)汽(qi)的(de)溫度、壓力，提(ti)高(gao)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)效(xiao)率(lv)，降(jiang)低蒸(zheng)汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)部分的(de)工程造價(jia)。處于嘗試階段。

6、燃機輔助循環

在以(yi)煤、油等為(wei)燃料的(de)后置循(xun)環(huan)發電(dian)汽輪機組中，使用小(xiao)型燃氣輪機作(zuo)為(wei)電(dian)站輔助循(xun)環(huan)系統，為(wei)鍋爐預熱、鼓風，改善燃燒，提高效率，并將動力直(zhi)接用于驅動給(gei)水泵。

7、燃氣煙氣聯合循環

由燃氣(qi)輪機和煙(yan)氣(qi)輪機組成的循(xun)環系(xi)統(tong)，利用燃氣(qi)輪機排放(fang)煙(yan)氣(qi)中的剩余壓力和熱焓(han)進一步(bu)推動煙(yan)氣(qi)輪機發電。該系(xi)統(tong)與燃氣(qi)蒸汽聯合循(xun)環系(xi)統(tong)比較可完全不用水(shui)，但煙(yan)氣(qi)輪機造價較高，還未能廣(guang)泛使(shi)用。

8、燃氣熱泵聯合循環

由(you)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)和(he)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)，燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)和(he)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)，或(huo)(huo)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、余(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)鍋爐(lu)、蒸(zheng)汽熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)，以及(ji)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、余(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)鍋爐(lu)、蒸(zheng)汽輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)和(he)蒸(zheng)汽（煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)）熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)組成的能(neng)源利(li)用(yong)系(xi)統。該系(xi)統在燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、余(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)鍋爐(lu)、蒸(zheng)汽輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)等設備完成能(neng)量(liang)利(li)用(yong)循環后(hou)，進一(yi)步利(li)用(yong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)對煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、蒸(zheng)汽、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)水和(he)冷卻水中的余(yu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)進行深度(du)回收利(li)用(yong)，或(huo)(huo)將動(dong)力直(zhi)接(jie)推動(dong)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)泵(beng)(beng)。這一(yi)工藝可用(yong)作(zuo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電聯產、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)電冷聯產、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)冷聯產、電冷聯產、直(zhi)接(jie)供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)或(huo)(huo)直(zhi)接(jie)制(zhi)冷使用(yong)，該系(xi)統熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效率(lv)極高，如果(guo)用(yong)于直(zhi)接(jie)供熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)效率(lv)可達150%，是未來能(neng)源利(li)用(yong)的主要趨勢之(zhi)一(yi)。

9、燃料電池——燃氣輪機聯合循環

美國能源部近日宣布開發出了世界第一個將燃料電池和燃氣渦輪機結合在一起的發電設備，這種設備能更有效地產生電力并大大減少環境污染。據了解，這一設備的燃料電池由1152個陶瓷管構成，每個陶瓷管就像一塊電池。電池以天然氣為燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)，能(neng)(neng)放(fang)出高(gao)溫(wen)高(gao)壓(ya)的(de)廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)機則(ze)(ze)用燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池產(chan)生的(de)熱廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)制第二輪(lun)(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。由于燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池中沒有燃(ran)燒過程，只是通過化學分解天(tian)(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)來產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力，因此可以大幅度減(jian)少污染。設(she)備(bei)不會產(chan)生二氧化硫，其反應(ying)產(chan)物中的(de)氮氧化物含(han)量不及天(tian)(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)2%，二氧化碳排放(fang)量則(ze)(ze)減(jian)少了15%。而且，只要有天(tian)(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)存在(zai)，燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池就能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作。新型發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功率(lv)為220千瓦，能(neng)(neng)為200戶人家提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。其發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)達到(dao)55%，這意(yi)味著來自天(tian)(tian)(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量中有55%轉(zhuan)化成了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，遠遠高(gao)于燃(ran)煤(mei)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)35%發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)，也高(gao)于燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)渦(wo)輪(lun)(lun)機50%的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv)。