一、水產養殖業是什么
水產養殖業是人類(lei)利用可(ke)供(gong)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(包括(kuo)種植(zhi))的水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu),按(an)(an)照養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象的生(sheng)態習性和對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)環境條件的要(yao)求不同,運用水(shui)(shui)(shui)產養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技術和設(she)施,從事水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)經濟(ji)動(dong)、植(zhi)物養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),為(wei)農業生(sheng)產部門之一(yi)。按(an)(an)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)產養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)分為(wei)淡(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、海(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、淺(qian)海(hai)灘涂養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);按(an)(an)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象,可(ke)分為(wei)魚類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、貝類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蝦類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蟹類(lei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、藻類(lei)栽培;按(an)(an)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式(shi),可(ke)分為(wei)精養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、粗養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、單(dan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、混養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、工廠(chang)化(hua)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以及(ji)靜水(shui)(shui)(shui)式(shi)、流水(shui)(shui)(shui)式(shi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)養殖業(ye)(ye)是利用適宜水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域養殖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)經(jing)濟動植物的(de)生產(chan)事業(ye)(ye),漁業(ye)(ye)的(de)重要(yao)組(zu)成部分。人(ren)類從(cong)事水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)養殖的(de)時期較(jiao)之采(cai)捕天然水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)資源的(de)捕撈業(ye)(ye)為晚(wan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)養殖業(ye)(ye)的(de)出現和發(fa)展(zhan),標志著人(ren)類影(ying)響(xiang)及控制水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域能力(li)的(de)增(zeng)強(qiang)。
二、發展水產養殖的意義
發展水產養殖有重要意義,表現為:
1、能(neng)經濟地為人(ren)類(lei)提供優質(zhi)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)蛋(dan)白食品(pin)。在動物(wu)(wu)(wu)飼養中,魚類(lei)是水生變溫動物(wu)(wu)(wu),較之陸生恒溫的家畜、家禽能(neng)量消耗少,飼料轉化效(xiao)率高,產(chan)品(pin)中動物(wu)(wu)(wu)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含量也高。
2、能(neng)為工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)提供原料(liao)(liao),是醫藥工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、化學工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)、飼料(liao)(liao)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)等的重要原料(liao)(liao)來(lai)源。
3、對于彌補(bu)海洋(yang)捕撈的(de)不足(zu)具有重(zhong)大作用。隨(sui)著世界人口的(de)迅速增(zeng)長和經濟的(de)發展,人類對動物性蛋白質的(de)需(xu)要量日益增(zeng)加,但捕撈量受到(dao)天然漁(yu)(yu)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)更新的(de)限制。漁(yu)(yu)業(ye)預測指出,年漁(yu)(yu)獲量不斷(duan)增(zeng)加的(de)趨勢已達(da)到(dao)頂點,今后單靠捕撈天然漁(yu)(yu)業(ye)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)將(jiang)無(wu)法滿足(zu)需(xu)求量。
4、有利(li)于維持生(sheng)態(tai)平(ping)衡。在近海地(di)區(qu),可因養殖產(chan)量增長減輕捕撈(lao)強度,防(fang)止過度捕撈(lao)導致(zhi)生(sheng)態(tai)失去(qu)平(ping)衡;在內陸水(shui)域,水(shui)產(chan)養殖與農業的其(qi)他(ta)一些生(sheng)產(chan)相結(jie)合,利(li)于形成(cheng)良性生(sheng)態(tai)循環。