弱電系統包括什么
弱電也叫弱電技術,具有電流電壓小的特點,主要分為兩類,一類是符合國家安全電壓的電能,如36伏以下交流電,24伏以下的直流電;另一類包含語音、圖像的數據源,如計算機網絡系統、可視會議系統 、防盜報警系統、樓宇自控系統等。
弱電系統的構成
通常來說,弱電系統在(zai)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)場合(he)就會(hui)(hui)由不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)。例如,在(zai)酒店中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)電系統(tong)(tong)就有(you)自動(dong)救助火(huo)災系統(tong)(tong)、監管(guan)視頻系統(tong)(tong)以及控制中(zhong)央空(kong)調(diao)系統(tong)(tong)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng);而(er)在(zai)智能社區中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)電系統(tong)(tong),則(ze)是由管(guan)理(li)車庫、門禁系統(tong)(tong)與上述提到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)理(li)系統(tong)(tong)組成(cheng)(cheng)。所以說弱(ruo)電系統(tong)(tong)會(hui)(hui)因(yin)為(wei)所在(zai)場合(he)的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)而(er)不同(tong)。而(er)文章(zhang)提到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)是在(zai)公共場合(he)內的(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)電系統(tong)(tong),它的(de)(de)(de)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)可按功能來(lai)劃分,包括有(you)安全防范(fan)系統(tong)(tong)與自動(dong)控制系統(tong)(tong)。
1、安全防范系統
室內(nei)部(bu)分(fen):由多個分(fen)支系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成的室內(nei)安全(quan)(quan)防(fang)范(fan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),這(zhe)些分(fen)支系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不(bu)僅能夠確保(bao)公(gong)(gong)共場(chang)所室內(nei)的安全(quan)(quan),還能夠將室內(nei)的相關信(xin)息傳輸到指(zhi)定的調度指(zhi)揮中心(xin)。通常,室內(nei)的安全(quan)(quan)防(fang)范(fan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)由門窗管理系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、緊急救助系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、消防(fang)報(bao)(bao)警系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)以及(ji)室內(nei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)組成的。室外(wai)部(bu)分(fen):室外(wai)的安全(quan)(quan)防(fang)范(fan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)主(zhu)要是(shi)保(bao)護公(gong)(gong)共場(chang)所的周邊(bian)安全(quan)(quan)以及(ji)對整個公(gong)(gong)共場(chang)合內(nei)所有(you)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)設施的監(jian)控(kong)(kong)。通常是(shi)由保(bao)安巡視系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、紅外(wai)線(xian)警報(bao)(bao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)以及(ji)室外(wai)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)構(gou)成。
2、自動控制系統
在公(gong)共(gong)場合,不僅(jin)需(xu)要(yao)室內及室外的(de)安全防(fang)范系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),還(huan)需(xu)要(yao)多(duo)個(ge)自動控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong),為主要(yao)設備系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)提供自動化的(de)控(kong)制。一般來(lai)說(shuo),自動控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在公(gong)共(gong)場所(suo)的(de)應用范圍非常(chang)廣泛,主要(yao)體現在照明系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、安全消防(fang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、廣播(bo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、供電系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)以及排水系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等很多(duo)方面(mian)。
弱電系統目前存在哪些問題
1、弱電系統的管理與維護中缺乏科學系統性
當前(qian)我國對于弱(ruo)電管(guan)(guan)理和維護(hu)都是采用傳(chuan)統(tong)管(guan)(guan)理方(fang)法,都是先(xian)把(ba)弱(ruo)電系(xi)統(tong)切割成單獨的(de)系(xi)統(tong)后再管(guan)(guan)理維護(hu),缺少科(ke)學系(xi)統(tong)性。
2、設備材料方面的不足
其(qi)次(ci)對于弱(ruo)電(dian)系(xi)統施(shi)工的(de)材料(liao)不足,主要取(qu)決于兩個方面,一個是(shi)弱(ruo)電(dian)施(shi)工材料(liao)不合格(ge),大多是(shi)由于生產廠為(wei)了謀取(qu)利潤,以次(ci)充好,嚴重影響弱(ruo)電(dian)系(xi)統施(shi)工質量(liang);另(ling)一個是(shi)所(suo)以的(de)施(shi)工材料(liao)在進入施(shi)工前,未做檢測(ce),導(dao)致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用不合格(ge)產品(pin),從而使(shi)(shi)生產出(chu)來的(de)弱(ruo)電(dian)系(xi)統產品(pin)無法達標。
3、管理、維護人員配備較少
雖說我國(guo)的(de)弱電技術發展比較快,但因缺(que)乏相關的(de)管理及維護人員,常常由于(yu)無(wu)法檢(jian)測出弱電系統(tong)工程的(de)調(diao)試問題,導致(zhi)投入(ru)使(shi)用后的(de)弱電系統(tong)頻頻出現問題。從而也限制(zhi)了弱電系統(tong)的(de)正常運(yun)行。
4、驗收方面的不足
眾所(suo)周知(zhi),每項工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完工(gong)(gong)之后都(dou)需要被驗(yan)收,建筑弱電系統工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)也是如此。因(yin)此,在對建筑弱電系統工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進行組織調試時,常常會遇到(dao)檢查不到(dao)位(wei)的情況,使得建筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)在投入使用后還(huan)存(cun)在著(zhu)這(zhe)樣或者(zhe)那(nei)樣的問題。智能(neng)建筑弱電系統工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)驗(yan)收不足,會對建筑功(gong)能(neng)的發揮產生一定的限(xian)制。
解決措施
1、嚴格把關材料質量
對(dui)整個系統施工(gong)所需的(de)(de)設(she)(she)備(bei)、材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)必(bi)須(xu)做到(dao)嚴格(ge)(ge)把關。首先,對(dui)所用材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)一定要(yao)有(you)(you)生產合(he)格(ge)(ge)證,包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)對(dui)整個材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)產品(pin)名字、 生產規格(ge)(ge)、生產日期等這些(xie)信息的(de)(de)確認。其(qi)次,認真檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)設(she)(she)備(bei)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)驗證檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)記(ji)錄,其(qi)中包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)按照(zhao)國家規定對(dui)包(bao)(bao)裝、外(wai)觀(guan)以(yi)及功能性的(de)(de) 現場檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)。如果不具(ju)備(bei)現場檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)的(de)(de)條件,可以(yi)要(yao)求(qiu)生產工(gong)廠對(dui)設(she)(she)備(bei) 材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)驗然后(hou)出(chu)示檢(jian)(jian)測結(jie)果,或者要(yao)求(qiu)提供按照(zhao)國家規定進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)測后(hou)的(de)(de)結(jie)果。最后(hou),檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)規格(ge)(ge)要(yao)求(qiu)是否符(fu)合(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)規范的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)進(jin)口(kou)商(shang)品(pin)是否具(ju)有(you)(you)經(jing)檢(jian)(jian)測的(de)(de)驗證記(ji)錄,另(ling)外(wai)還必(bi)須(xu)具(ju)有(you)(you)設(she)(she)備(bei)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)組裝、安裝、運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)及維護的(de)(de)文件說明(ming),以(yi)保證工(gong)程 的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)質量。
2、做好個分項系統施工時間的統一部署以及文檔工作
整(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)由不(bu)(bu)同子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)組成(cheng),子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)同, 這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)需要最整(zheng)個建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)過程進(jin)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一的(de)(de)部(bu)署協調。主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)按照(zhao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)施 工(gong)要求設(she)計一個具體的(de)(de)施工(gong)總(zong)計劃(hua)(hua),其中包括各(ge)項子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)時(shi) 間、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)位(wei)置以及各(ge)項子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)相互重疊部(bu)分的(de)(de)施工(gong)方案(an),在后期的(de)(de)計劃(hua)(hua)修(xiu)改中也要在不(bu)(bu)違背總(zong)體計劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上進(jin)行(xing)修(xiu)行(xing)改進(jin)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項目的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)是(shi)(shi)龐大(da)復(fu)雜的(de)(de),這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)需要一個整(zheng)合(he)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)來統(tong)(tong)(tong)一記(ji)錄,對(dui)于各(ge)項子(zi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)負責人員(yuan)、交接時(shi)間、交接人員(yuan)做(zuo)好相應的(de)(de)記(ji)錄工(gong)作,從而做(zuo)到有(you)條理的(de)(de)管理,更便于查詢(xun),也有(you)利于責任的(de)(de)下放(fang)。
3、施工質量的驗證
弱電系(xi)統施工范圍廣泛(fan),包含多個(ge)領域,這就需(xu)要(yao)專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)或者個(ge)人來對(dui)進(jin)行最(zui)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驗證(zheng),檢測(ce)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)具(ju)有(you)安全有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)功效。首(shou)先,是(shi)(shi)對(dui)各(ge)項(xiang)子系(xi)統建(jian)設(she)完(wan)(wan)畢后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驗證(zheng),最(zui)后(hou)(hou)必須要(yao)有(you)建(jian)立工 程(cheng)(cheng)師的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)簽字(zi),沒(mei)有(you)簽字(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決不(bu)可以繼續(xu)進(jin)行下一(yi)(yi)項(xiang)項(xiang)目(mu)建(jian)設(she)。 其次,對(dui)于相(xiang)重疊的(de)(de)(de)(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen),一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)仔細(xi)認真地(di)檢查,以免出現漏掉、重復、混(hun)亂的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況。最(zui)后(hou)(hou),在工程(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)設(she)完(wan)(wan)畢時,對(dui)于整個(ge)弱電系(xi)統 的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji),一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)按照國家規定(ding)(ding)或者相(xiang)關專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)要(yao)求對(dui)功能和施工質量進(jin)行嚴格的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢測(ce)驗證(zheng)。