【健(jian)康風(feng)險(xian)評估(gu)】什么是健(jian)康風(feng)險(xian)評估(gu)？健(jian)康風(feng)險(xian)評估(gu)的(de)方法

健康風險評估是什么

HRA是Health Risk Appraisal的簡寫，中文(wen)譯為健康風險評估。

HRA系統采用生物電感應技術，結合人體電阻抗測量技術，應用計時電流統計分析法，對人體組織器官進行3D重建，可直觀的看到全身臟器變化趨向，判斷早期疾病，從而對人(ren)體健康(kang)(kang)狀況作出評估。HRA系統(tong)可檢測人(ren)體201項系統(tong)功能值和參數(shu)（各個(ge)器官、生化、神經(jing)遞質、電解質、血氣、PH值、自由基），各臟器存在的早期風險，根(gen)據(ju)受檢者的體質特征(zheng)給出合理的健康(kang)(kang)生活指導(dao)方案(an)。

健康風險評估原理

通過生物電(dian)(dian)傳器采集測(ce)量(liang)組(zu)織細胞(bao)的電(dian)(dian)阻、電(dian)(dian)傳導性(xing)、PH值、電(dian)(dian)壓以及(ji)動作電(dian)(dian)位(wei)，通過數(shu)(shu)據庫(ku)對(dui)比進行數(shu)(shu)學(xue)模型3D 重建，從而(er)得(de)出科學(xue)完善(shan)的人體健康評(ping)估報告。

健康風險評估方法步驟

第一(yi)(yi)類方法建(jian)立(li)在評估單一(yi)(yi)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)危險(xian)因(yin)(yin)素與(yu)發病(bing)概(gai)率的基礎上，將這(zhe)些單一(yi)(yi)因(yin)(yin)素與(yu)發病(bing)的關(guan)系以(yi)相(xiang)對危險(xian)來表示其強(qiang)度，得(de)出的各(ge)關(guan)因(yin)(yin)素的加(jia)權分(fen)數(shu)即為患病(bing)的危險(xian)性(xing)。由于這(zhe)種方法簡(jian)單實(shi)用，不(bu)需(xu)要大量的數(shu)據分(fen)析(xi)，是健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)管理發展(zhan)早期(qi)的主要健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)風(feng)險(xian)評價方法。

第二(er)類方(fang)法(fa)(fa)建立在多因(yin)(yin)素數(shu)(shu)理分(fen)析基礎上，即采(cai)用統計(ji)學(xue)概念理論的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)來得出患(huan)病危險性(xing)與危險因(yin)(yin)素之間的(de)關(guan)系模型(xing)，能同時包括多種健康危險因(yin)(yin)素。所采(cai)用的(de)數(shu)(shu)理方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，除常見的(de)多元回歸(gui)外，還有基于模糊數(shu)(shu)學(xue)的(de)神經網絡方(fang)法(fa)(fa)及Monte Carlo模型(xing)等。這類方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)典型(xing)代表(biao)是Framingham的(de)冠(guan)心病模型(xing)。

患病危(wei)險(xian)(xian)性(xing)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)突出特點是(shi)其結果是(shi)定量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)比較的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。由(you)此可(ke)(ke)根據評(ping)(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果將服務對(dui)象分成高危(wei)、中危(wei)和(he)低危(wei)人群，分別(bie)施以(yi)(yi)(yi)不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康改善(shan)方案，并對(dui)其效(xiao)果進(jin)行(xing)(xing)評(ping)(ping)價。在健(jian)(jian)(jian)康風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評(ping)(ping)估(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，我們可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)體和(he)群體制(zhi)訂健(jian)(jian)(jian)康計劃。個(ge)(ge)性(xing)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康管(guan)理計劃是(shi)鑒別(bie)及有(you)效(xiao)控制(zhi)個(ge)(ge)體健(jian)(jian)(jian)康危(wei)險(xian)(xian)因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵。將以(yi)(yi)(yi)那些可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)改變或或控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)標為(wei)(wei)(wei)重點，提出健(jian)(jian)(jian)康改善(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目標，提供行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)指(zhi)南以(yi)(yi)(yi)及相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康改善(shan)模(mo)塊。個(ge)(ge)性(xing)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康管(guan)理計劃不但(dan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)個(ge)(ge)體提供了預防干預的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)動原則，也為(wei)(wei)(wei)健(jian)(jian)(jian)康管(guan)理師和(he)個(ge)(ge)體之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝通提供了一個(ge)(ge)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)具。

第三步是(shi)發送和(he)(he)促(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)你的(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)，開(kai)展健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)風險(xian)(xian)干(gan)預(yu)和(he)(he)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)促(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)干(gan)預(yu)。在前(qian)兩部分(fen)的(de)基礎(chu)上，以多(duo)種形式來幫助(zhu)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)采取行(xing)動、糾正不(bu)良(liang)的(de)生活方(fang)式和(he)(he)習(xi)慣，控(kong)制(zhi)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)因(yin)素，實現個(ge)(ge)人(ren)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)管理計劃的(de)目標(biao)。與一般健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)教育和(he)(he)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)促(cu)(cu)(cu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)是(shi)，健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)管理過程(cheng)中健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)干(gan)預(yu)是(shi)個(ge)(ge)性化的(de)，即(ji)根據個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)因(yin)素，由健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)管理師(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)指(zhi)導，設定個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)目標(biao)，并動態追蹤效果(guo)。如(ru)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重管理，糖(tang)(tang)尿病管理等通過個(ge)(ge)人(ren)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)管理日記、參(can)加專項(xiang)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)維護(hu)課程(cheng)及跟蹤隨(sui)訪來達到(dao)健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)改善效果(guo)。一位糖(tang)(tang)尿病高(gao)(gao)危(wei)(wei)人(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，其除血糖(tang)(tang)偏高(gao)(gao)外，還(huan)有超重和(he)(he)吸煙等危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)因(yin)素，因(yin)此除控(kong)制(zhi)血糖(tang)(tang)外，健(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)(kang)管理師(shi)對(dui)個(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)指(zhi)導還(huan)應(ying)包括減輕體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)重（膳(shan)食、體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)力勞動）和(he)(he)戒(jie)煙等內容。