石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)是自然界中(zhong)分布很廣的一種(zhong)巖石(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)的主(zhu)要(yao)成(cheng)分是碳酸鈣，在陶(tao)瓷(ci)中(zhong)主(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)作(zuo)高溫釉的助熔劑。我國歷代(dai)名(ming)窯(yao)所(suo)創制(zhi)的千百個(ge)不同品(pin)種(zhong)的高溫釉都離(li)不開石(shi)(shi)灰石(shi)(shi)。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大量用做建筑材(cai)料(liao)，也是(shi)許多(duo)工業的重(zhong)要原料(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直接加工成石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)和燒制(zhi)成生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。生(sheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)吸潮或加水就成為熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟(shu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)(jing)調(diao)配成石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)膏等(deng)，用作涂裝材(cai)料(liao)和磚瓦粘合劑。水泥是(shi)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和粘土等(deng)混合，經(jing)(jing)高溫(wen)煅燒制(zhi)得(de)。玻璃(li)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂、純(chun)堿等(deng)混合，經(jing)(jing)高溫(wen)熔融制(zhi)得(de)。

煉(lian)鐵用(yong)石灰石作熔(rong)劑，除(chu)去(qu)脈石。煉(lian)鋼用(yong)生(sheng)石灰做造渣材料(liao)，除(chu)去(qu)硫、磷等(deng)有害雜質。

電(dian)石(shi)(shi)是生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)與焦炭在電(dian)爐里(li)反應制得。純堿是用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)、食(shi)鹽(yan)、氨等(deng)原料經(jing)過多步反應制得。利(li)用(yong)消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)純堿反應制成燒(shao)堿。利(li)用(yong)純凈的(de)消(xiao)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)氯氣反應制得漂白(bai)的(de)。利(li)用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)的(de)化學加工制成氯化鈣(gai)、硝酸鈣(gai)、亞硫酸鈣(gai)等(deng)重要鈣(gai)鹽(yan)等(deng)。

生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)用(yong)作干燥劑(ji)和消毒劑(ji)。農業上，用(yong)生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)配制石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)硫黃(huang)合劑(ji)、波爾多(duo)液等農藥。土壤中(zhong)施(shi)用(yong)熟石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)可(ke)中(zhong)和土壤的酸性、改善土壤的結構(gou)、供給(gei)植物所需的鈣素。用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)漿刷樹干，可(ke)保護樹木(mu)。