品種形成
“華(hua)容(rong)黃白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)”由華(hua)容(rong)縣(xian)農民何忠岳1978年(nian)發現(xian)培(pei)育成(cheng)功。該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)似白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai),其(qi)葉呈金黃色(se),比傳統(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)小白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)要早熟2個(ge)多(duo)月,經過何忠岳多(duo)年(nian)的(de)悉(xi)心種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培(pei)育出了具有生長期(qi)短、發苗快(kuai)、無(wu)公害(hai)且抗倒伏等特點的(de)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)苔(tai)新品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),并于1992年(nian)得(de)到了華(hua)容(rong)縣(xian)農科(ke)所的(de)技術(shu)認(ren)證,取(qu)名為“黃白(bai)苔(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)”。何忠岳能(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃白(bai)苔(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)的(de)技術(shu)得(de)到了菜(cai)(cai)(cai)農的(de)廣泛認(ren)可,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積迅速擴大。2001年(nian)起,華(hua)容(rong)縣(xian)發動全縣(xian)10多(duo)個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮普遍推種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)早季節的(de)黃白(bai)苔(tai)菜(cai)(cai)(cai),并于次年(nian)得(de)以在全縣(xian)大面(mian)積擴種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
品種特性
華(hua)(hua)容黃白(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai)(tai)(tai),白(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai)(tai)(tai)中(zhong)的(de)黃苔(tai)(tai)(tai)類型,湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)地(di)方品種(zhong)。早(zao)(zao)中(zhong)熟、優質。從(cong)播(bo)種(zhong)到(dao)開(kai)始采(cai)收60天左(zuo)(zuo)右,該品種(zhong)不耐熱、播(bo)種(zhong)過早(zao)(zao)易感軟腐(fu)病(bing)。長(chang)沙9月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)播(bo)種(zhong),10月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun)定植(zhi),11月(yue)(yue)采(cai)收上市(shi)。植(zhi)株生長(chang)熱中(zhong)等,葉金黃色,開(kai)展度(du)50cm左(zuo)(zuo)右,株高20cm左(zuo)(zuo)右。菜(cai)苔(tai)(tai)(tai)嫩(nen)(nen)黃色,肥嫩(nen)(nen),品質好;每667㎡產量約1500kg。適宜在湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)、湖(hu)(hu)北等長(chang)江中(zhong)下游地(di)區作(zuo)晚(wan)熟栽培。 “華(hua)(hua)容黃白(bai)菜(cai)苔(tai)(tai)(tai)”生長(chang)期(qi)短(duan)、發苗快(kuai)、無公害且抗倒伏、葉呈金黃色、鮮嫩(nen)(nen)、爽口,以其獨特的(de)風味俏銷四方,深受(shou)消費者(zhe)青睞。
產地環境
華容縣位于湖南(nan)省(sheng)北(bei)(bei)部邊陲,岳(yue)陽市(shi)(shi)西(xi)境,地處東經120°18′31″-113°1′32″,北(bei)(bei)緯29°10′18″-29°48′27″。北(bei)(bei)倚長江,南(nan)濱洞庭(ting)湖。周鄰(lin)6縣(市(shi)(shi))、場(chang),東與岳(yue)陽市(shi)(shi)君(jun)山(shan)區交(jiao)界,西(xi)與益陽市(shi)(shi)南(nan)縣相鄰(lin),南(nan)連國營(ying)北(bei)(bei)洲子農(nong)場(chang),北(bei)(bei)接湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)石首市(shi)(shi),東北(bei)(bei)與湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)監利(li)市(shi)(shi)隔江而望。縣境廣袤(mao)70公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),境內(nei)東西(xi)最大橫距68公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),南(nan)北(bei)(bei)最大縱距80公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。集雨面積1612平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)全(quan)省(sheng)面積的0.76%。其中平(ping)原(yuan)1028平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)56%;低山(shan)丘崗區328平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)17.8%;水面255平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),占(zhan)26.2%。
氣候方面,華容地屬北亞熱(re)帶(dai),為濕(shi)潤(run)性大(da)陸季風氣候。具有(you)“氣候溫和,四季分明(ming),熱(re)量充(chong)足,雨水集(ji)中;春(chun)溫多(duo)變(bian),夏(xia)秋多(duo)旱,嚴寒期短,暑(shu)熱(re)期長(chang)”的特點。全年(nian)太(tai)陽可照時(shi)數4425.9小時(shi)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣溫為16.6C,變(bian)幅在16.3~17.6C之間。境內水域大(da),空氣濕(shi)潤(run),干燥(zao)度小。
水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)方面(mian),華(hua)容境(jing)內(nei)湖泊(bo)星(xing)布(bu),河流(liu)網織,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系發(fa)達。有內(nei)湖21個,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)積(ji)74.5平(ping)(ping)方公里,調蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)12154萬立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),內(nei)河8條,長(chang)95.1公里,蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)3857萬立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)59座(zuo),其(qi)(qi)中中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)2座(zuo),小(xiao)(一)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)6座(zuo),小(xiao)(二)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)51座(zuo),山塘港土當6208處,總(zong)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)6873萬立(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。長(chang)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系藕(ou)池(chi)河、華(hua)容河穿境(jing)而過(guo)。加上每年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)1214毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)產水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)21.3億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),減去蒸(zheng)發(fa)量(liang)(liang)6.3億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)為15億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)(qi)中地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為11.4億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)為3.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),是名(ming)副其(qi)(qi)實的“水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)鄉”。
土(tu)壤(rang)方(fang)面,全縣土(tu)壤(rang)中水稻(dao)土(tu)占(zhan)57.6%,潮土(tu)占(zhan)24.7%,紅壤(rang)占(zhan)17.6%,菜(cai)園土(tu)占(zhan)0.1%。華(hua)容(rong)肥沃的土(tu)壤(rang),溫(wen)暖濕潤的氣候,適(shi)宜植物(wu)生長。
生產情況
華容縣(xian)圍繞“農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)增收(shou)”這一核心(xin),積極(ji)引導農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)發展(zhan)黃白菜苔生產。該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)適(shi)時組(zu)織菜農(nong)(nong)(nong)開展(zhan)技術培訓(xun)、農(nong)(nong)(nong)技人員(yuan)深(shen)入(ru)田間地頭(tou)指導用(yong)肥和防(fang)蟲病等(deng)知識,大力推廣(guang)無(wu)公害標(biao)準化(hua)生產。縣(xian)蔬菜協(xie)會(hui)組(zu)織46個(ge)小分隊(dui)進(jin)(jin)村(cun)入(ru)戶進(jin)(jin)行坐點收(shou)購,并在(zai)北京、長沙(sha)、廣(guang)州等(deng)地設立銷(xiao)售窗口。該(gai)(gai)縣(xian)還加大了對(dui)黃白菜苔規(gui)模化(hua)、產業化(hua)的力度,成功申報“黃白菜苔”為國家農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品地理標(biao)志。到2009年(nian),全縣(xian)種植面積達到5萬畝(mu),產量(liang)突(tu)破(po)7萬噸,實現銷(xiao)售收(shou)入(ru)6000萬元,農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)(min)種菜的每年(nian)純收(shou)入(ru)達1500元。