以臨湘市龍窖(jiao)山地域范圍(wei)內所(suo)產瘤狀莖用芥(jie)菜、蘿卜、山泉水為(wei)原(yuan)料(liao),采(cai)用當地特(te)定(ding)工藝制成的,具有鮮、香(xiang)、嫩、脆、辣獨特(te)風味的鹽漬醬菜。
中文名(ming):龍窖醬菜(cai) 英文名(ming):Longjiao pickled vegetables主要原料(liao):榨(zha)菜(cai)、蘿卜 營養成(cheng)分:富含維生(sheng)素B1、谷(gu)氨酸和鐵(tie)、鋅、錳等(deng)微(wei)量元素
名稱來歷
龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)因龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)山(shan)(shan)而得名,主要包括榨菜(cai)(cai)和(he)蘿(luo)卜(bu)兩(liang)個(ge)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。據考證龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)山(shan)(shan)是(shi)(shi)瑤文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)發源地(di),位于湖南(nan)省臨(lin)湘市區(qu)(qu)東南(nan),一(yi)直是(shi)(shi)醬菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)主產(chan)區(qu)(qu),以盛產(chan)龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)出名。臨(lin)湘龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)山(shan)(shan)屬(shu)幕阜山(shan)(shan)余脈,山(shan)(shan)林面(mian)積10.5萬畝,最高峰海拔1261.1米(mi),山(shan)(shan)勢高峻、澗深(shen)洞長、蜿蜒百里,是(shi)(shi)為避難秘地(di)、世外桃源。瑤胞們在這里留(liu)下了令人嘆為觀止的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化遺跡。這個(ge)“養在深(shen)閨人未識”的(de)(de)(de)瑤族理想家園“千(qian)家峒”原(yuan)來就在湖南(nan)臨(lin)湘,遺存的(de)(de)(de)大量石(shi)器和(he)種(zhong)(zhong)植物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong),龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)山(shan)(shan)脈內(nei)(nei)家家戶(hu)(hu)戶(hu)(hu)都(dou)有腌(a)制蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)傳統習慣(guan)。龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)山(shan)(shan)脈在臨(lin)湘境內(nei)(nei)蜿蜒起(qi)伏(fu),龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)水源現(xian)已成為臨(lin)湘市的(de)(de)(de)飲(yin)用取(qu)水源,不僅惠澤(ze)臨(lin)湘市內(nei)(nei),還輻射(she)到周邊的(de)(de)(de)縣區(qu)(qu),龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)就是(shi)(shi)這些(xie)燦爛(lan)歷史文(wen)(wen)化的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)延續。
歷史淵源
龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)生產(chan)歷史悠久(jiu),最早可追溯(su)到神(shen)農(nong)嘗百草的(de)傳說,一日(ri)來(lai)(lai)到洞(dong)(dong)(dong)庭湖東畔,幕阜(fu)山(shan)(shan)余脈一處(chu)(今(jin)(jin)湖南臨(lin)湘龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan)(shan)),但(dan)(dan)見瀑布(bu)飛瀉,林木(mu)蔥(cong)郁,奇花異草滿山(shan)(shan)遍(bian)野(ye),甚感好山(shan)(shan)好景,環顧山(shan)(shan)野(ye)住民(min)(min),卻(que)(que)是饑不(bu)(bu)裹腹,哀鴻遍(bian)野(ye),神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)百思不(bu)(bu)得(de)其(qi)解(jie),看此處(chu)土地肥沃(wo),氣候宜人,但(dan)(dan)是百姓生活卻(que)(que)十分艱辛。尋人細問,原來(lai)(lai)此處(chu)確實物產(chan)豐富,但(dan)(dan)每到春(chun)末夏初,正是青黃不(bu)(bu)接(jie)之時(shi),冬季作物已衰敗,春(chun)季作物尚未(wei)長成,人們無(wu)處(chu)取(qu)食(shi),神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)了解(jie)原委后,就在山(shan)(shan)野(ye)找一石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)暫居下(xia)來(lai)(lai),隨村(cun)民(min)(min)一起日(ri)出而(er)作,日(ri)落而(er)息(xi),大量(liang)種植谷物與蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai),待到豐收之時(shi),教村(cun)民(min)(min)將(jiang)谷物曬(shai)干囤積,將(jiang)蘿卜、榨菜(cai)(cai)等蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)采摘灑鹽置于石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中扎(zha)緊保(bao)存。到來(lai)(lai)年青黃不(bu)(bu)接(jie)時(shi),開窖(jiao)(jiao)取(qu)菜(cai)(cai),則醬香(xiang)撲鼻,菜(cai)(cai)體完好,從(cong)此鄉民(min)(min)無(wu)食(shi)物之憂。當(dang)(dang)地村(cun)民(min)(min)為(wei)(wei)感謝神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)恩(en)德(de),便將(jiang)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)當(dang)(dang)年所居石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)”,將(jiang)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)窖(jiao)(jiao)藏(zang)(zang)之法(fa)所得(de)的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)稱(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)“龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)”。從(cong)此以后家家戶戶都將(jiang)吃不(bu)(bu)完的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai)按(an)此法(fa)進行儲藏(zang)(zang)蔬(shu)菜(cai)(cai),“龍(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬菜(cai)(cai)”也(ye)從(cong)此流(liu)傳至今(jin)(jin)。
關于(yu)(yu)龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)制(zhi)作的歷史十(shi)分久遠,已無從考證,據臨湘(xiang)鄉間盛傳的民間傳說在三國(guo)時(shi)期就有早期龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)制(zhi)作過程(cheng)和故事的記載:公元(yuan)208年,三國(guo)東吳大(da)將黃蓋(gai)(gai)臨危(wei)受命,秘密進(jin)(jin)駐下雋縣(今湖(hu)南(nan)省臨湘(xiang)市)。這里湖(hu)泊浩渺,湖(hu)垸眾多,黃蓋(gai)(gai)在此操練水軍(jun),當(dang)時(shi)軍(jun)需物資潰(kui)乏,既備(bei)(bei)戰(zhan)又備(bei)(bei)荒(huang),將士們(men)生(sheng)產大(da)量糧(liang)1蔬,以應戰(zhan)時(shi)之(zhi)需。為戰(zhan)備(bei)(bei)需要他們(men)將蔬菜(cai)進(jin)(jin)行腌(a)制(zhi),用(yong)土壇裝好(hao),和黃泥密封,埋于(yu)(yu)山(shan)邊湖(hu)畔,經七七四十(shi)九天后取出,將士食之(zhi)味口(kou)頓開,士氣大(da)振。三國(guo)相爭,都以真龍(long)(long)天子自居,因此軍(jun)中以龍(long)(long)為名窖(jiao)(jiao)藏,此地(di)又靠近(jin)龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)山(shan),因此得名龍(long)(long)窖(jiao)(jiao)醬(jiang)(jiang)菜(cai)。
但根據現可(ke)查證的資料(liao)可(ke)追溯到宋代(dai),宋代(dai)范致明(ming)《岳(yue)(yue)陽(yang)(yang)風(feng)土(tu)記》:“龍(long)窖山(shan)在(zai)(臨湘)縣東南,按鄂州崇陽(yang)(yang)縣,雷家洞(dong)(dong)(dong)、石門洞(dong)(dong)(dong),山(shan)極深遠。其(qi)間居民(min)謂(wei)之(zhi)鳥鄉,語言侏離,以耕畬為業(ye),磨豆腌菜為食。非(fei)市(shi)(shi)鹽茶不入城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)邑,亦無(wu)貢賦(fu),蓋山(shan)瑤人(ren)也。”再是宋馬子(zi)嚴《岳(yue)(yue)陽(yang)(yang)甲志》:“龍(long)窖山(shan)在(zai)巴陵北,山(shan)實峻極。山(shan)有(you)雷洞(dong)(dong)(dong),有(you)石門之(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong),山(shan)瑤居之(zhi),自耕而食,植蔬植豆,自織而衣”。
據康熙《臨湘縣志》記載:黃(huang)蓋湖產醬菜(cai),曰龍窖(jiao),歲貢九壇。
生產地域地理(li)特(te)征
該地(di)域位(wei)于(yu)湖南(nan)省東(dong)北(bei)部,長(chang)江中游南(nan)岸,地(di)處北(bei)緯29°10′~29°52′、東(dong)經113°15′~113°45′。地(di)處北(bei)亞(ya)熱(re)帶氣候(hou)(hou)帶,屬于(yu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風性濕(shi)潤氣候(hou)(hou),氣候(hou)(hou)溫和濕(shi)潤,雨(yu)量充沛,四(si)季分(fen)明。春季溫暖,陰濕(shi)多雨(yu),常為春雨(yu)綿綿,麻(ma)雨(yu)稀稀的天(tian)氣。夏無酷暑,盛吹南(nan)風。秋季涼爽,時有小雨(yu)。冬季冷濕(shi)無嚴寒,平均(jun)氣溫小于(yu)或等于(yu)0℃,每年(nian)不(bu)超過5天(tian),晴朗天(tian)氣,時有小雨(yu)。這種氣候(hou)(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)十(shi)分(fen)適(shi)宜農作物、蔬菜(cai)、豆類的生長(chang),也為醬菜(cai)發(fa)酵提供了(le)天(tian)然的環(huan)境。
因(yin)長期受自然因(yin)素(su)和(he)(he)人為因(yin)素(su)等影響,擬(ni)保護區域內內紅壤(rang)和(he)(he)黃棕壤(rang),土層(ceng)深厚,養分豐富(fu),呈酸性及(ji)弱(ruo)酸性,有(you)機(ji)含量較高,十(shi)分有(you)利(li)于(yu)榨菜(cai)和(he)(he)蘿卜等蔬(shu)菜(cai)的(de)生(sheng)長。土壤(rang)富(fu)含養分量及(ji)水平分別為:有(you)機(ji)質31.5 g/kg、有(you)效磷17 mg/kg、速效鉀(jia)69mg/kg、全氮2.0 g/kg、堿解(jie)氮189 mg/kg,特別有(you)利(li)于(yu)種植蔬(shu)菜(cai)等植物。新鮮的(de)蔬(shu)菜(cai)原料(liao),特定(ding)環境下的(de)傳統工藝,使(shi)龍窖醬菜(cai)鮮嫰爽脆的(de)獨(du)有(you)風味。
質量特色
龍窖(jiao)醬菜具有(you)“色澤光亮,壇香綿(mian)長,爽脆可口,咸淡適(shi)中”的(de)獨特品質,醬菜外(wai)觀(guan)顏色鮮(xian)亮有(you)光澤,經窖(jiao)藏發酵后壇香味濃郁,嘗之口感鮮(xian)爽脆嫩(nen),咸淡適(shi)中,余味綿(mian)長。