歷史沿革
玉帶橋在頤和園昆明(ming)湖(hu)西(xi)堤。是西(xi)堤六橋中唯(wei)一拱(gong)券結(jie)構的石橋。清乾隆(long)時(shi)(1736-1795)建(jian),光緒時(shi)(1875-1908)重修。
建筑結構
玉帶橋(qiao)在西(xi)堤六橋(qiao)中(zhong)是(shi)最(zui)令人(ren)喜愛的一座。它是(shi)西(xi)堤上唯一的高(gao)拱石橋(qiao),是(shi)當年(nian)乾(qian)隆從昆明湖乘(cheng)船到玉泉山的通道。橋(qiao)身用漢白(bai)(bai)玉和青(qing)白(bai)(bai)石砌(qi)成(cheng)。潔白(bai)(bai)的橋(qiao)欄望(wang)柱(zhu)上,雕(diao)有各(ge)式(shi)向(xiang)云中(zhong)飛翔(xiang)的仙(xian)鶴,雕(diao)工精細,形象生動,顯示了雕(diao)刻工匠們的藝術才(cai)能。
玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶(dai)(dai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong)高而薄,形若玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶(dai)(dai),弧(hu)形的(de)(de)(de)線條十分(fen)流(liu)暢。半圓的(de)(de)(de)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)洞與水(shui)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)倒影,構(gou)成(cheng)一(yi)輪透明的(de)(de)(de)圓月,四周橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)欄望柱倒影參差,在綢緞般的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)面上浮動(dong)蕩(dang)漾,景象(xiang)十分(fen)動(dong)人。它(ta)是頤和(he)園里著名的(de)(de)(de)建筑物之一(yi)。蛋尖形橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)拱(gong),特別高聳,好似玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶(dai)(dai)。此(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)舊名“穹橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)”俗稱(cheng)駝峰橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao),均(jun)以形象(xiang)命名。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶(dai)(dai)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型具有我國長(chang)江(jiang)三(san)角洲地區(qu)石拱(gong)橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)的(de)(de)(de)風格,以纖(xian)秀挺拔,輕巧為其之特色。拱(gong)高而薄,成(cheng)流(liu)暢挺拔的(de)(de)(de)曲(qu)線。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)身、橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)欄選用(yong)青白(bai)石和(he)漢白(bai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雕砌,潔白(bai)如玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),宛如玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)帶(dai)(dai),故名。橋(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)(qiao)下原為玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)注入昆明湖的(de)(de)(de)入水(shui)口。也是帝后乘船至(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)通道。
玉帶橋(qiao)(qiao)為(wei)清乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)時建造(zao),距今已有兩百多年的歷史。據說,乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)皇(huang)帝每次(ci)去(qu)西(xi)山必從此(ci)橋(qiao)(qiao)下經過,不僅(jin)因(yin)為(wei)這座橋(qiao)(qiao)交通方便,還因(yin)為(wei)它造(zao)型玲瓏秀美,深(shen)得乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)帝喜愛。現在,橋(qiao)(qiao)頭還留有乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)(long)(long)皇(huang)帝的御題,東(dong)面(mian)是(shi)“螺黛—痕(hen)平鋪明月鏡,虹光百尺橫映水晶簾。”西(xi)面(mian)是(shi)“地到瀛洲星(xing)河天上近(jin),景分蓬(peng)島宮闕水邊多。”