簡介
據傳(chuan),清(qing)帝(di)乾隆(long)(long)(long)為(wei)(wei)驗證(zheng)該水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質,命太監特制一(yi)(yi)個銀質量(liang)(liang)斗(dou),用(yong)以(yi)秤量(liang)(liang)全國各處送京來名(ming)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)樣,其結(jie)果是(shi):北京玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)每銀斗(dou)重(zhong)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)。為(wei)(wei)最輕(qing);濟南(nan)珍珠泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)重(zhong)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)二錢(qian);鎮江(jiang)中汁泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)重(zhong)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)三錢(qian);無(wu)錫惠山泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、杭州(zhou)虎趵泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)均為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)四錢(qian)。證(zheng)實(shi)乾隆(long)(long)(long)自定(ding)評泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)關(guan)鍵是(shi)水(shui)(shui)質輕(qing)為(wei)(wei)標準。玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)含“雜質”最少(shao),水(shui)(shui)就清(qing),質量(liang)(liang)最好,長期飲用(yong)才能祛病益壽。于(yu)是(shi)在“水(shui)(shui)清(qing)而(er)(er)碧,澄潔似玉(yu)(yu)(yu)”的“裂(lie)帛湖”畔,刻下(xia)(xia)了御(yu)制《玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)山天下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)記》:“…… 則凡出于(yu)山下(xia)(xia),而(er)(er)有冽者(zhe),誠無(wu)過京師之(zhi)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。故定(ding)為(wei)(wei)天下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。”玉(yu)(yu)(yu)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)被這位旅游和(he)品(pin)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)名(ming)人乾隆(long)(long)(long)皇帝(di)正式命名(ming)為(wei)(wei)“天下(xia)(xia)第一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”。
山下有靜(jing)明(ming)園,為遼代玉(yu)泉山行(xing)宮(gong)和金代芙蓉殿(dian)行(xing)宮(gong)遺址,相傳金章宗曾在(zai)此(ci)(ci)避暑。元世祖(zu)在(zai)此(ci)(ci)建(jian)昭化(hua)寺,明(ming)英宗時又添建(jian)上下華嚴守,清順治二年(1645年)重修(xiu),改(gai)名(ming)澄心園。康熙(xi)十九年(1680年)增修(xiu)很(hen)多(duo)園林建(jian)筑,于(yu)三十一年改(gai)稱今名(ming)。
景色
園內舊有十六(liu)景,即廓然大(da)公、芙蓉晴(qing)照(zhao)、玉泉(quan)趵(bao)突、竹壚山房、圣國綜繪、繡(xiu)壁詩態、溪田課(ke)耕、清涼(liang)禪(chan)窟、采(cai)香(xiang)云徑、峽(xia)雪琴音、玉峰(feng)塔(ta)影、風重(zhong)清聽、鏡影涵虛、裂帛湖光、云外鐘聲、翠云嘉蔭。
乾(qian)隆(long)時又增十(shi)六景:清音帶、華滋館、冠峰亭(ting)(ting)、觀音洞、賞遇樓、飛云(yun)眼、試墨泉、分(fen)鑒曲、寫琴廊、延綠廳、犁云(yun)亭(ting)(ting)、羅漢洞、如(ru)如(ru)室、層(ceng)明(ming)宇(yu)、進珠泉、心遠閣。英法聯軍(jun)和八(ba)國聯軍(jun)入侵,大(da)部(bu)毀于兵火。
靜明園
靜明園內(nei)的樓、閣、亭、館、佛寺、佛塔(ta)依山(shan)(shan)而筑,交融在泉(quan)壑、山(shan)(shan)巖(yan)、林(lin)木之(zhi)間,秀麗(li)和諧,是造園藝術(shu)的成(cheng)功(gong)范例。風(feng)景今以妙(miao)高(gao)峰的華(hua)藏塔(ta)、玉(yu)峰塔(ta)、裂帛湖、華(hua)嚴洞(dong)、玉(yu)龍洞(dong)、香巖(yan)寺、圣(sheng)緣寺等(deng)為最著名。