馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)當地(di)農民種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積最大而且栽培(pei)歷史最早(zao)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),據滇東(dong)風(feng)物(wu)志(zhi)記載:1954年(nian)馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)委書記謝興方從(cong)山東(dong)引(yin)進旭、金帥、富士、國光(guang)(guang)等蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),取得(de)成(cheng)功(gong),從(cong)此結束了(le)馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)“楊梅當水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”的時代。1973年(nian)隨著蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的增(zeng)加,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積逐年(nian)擴大,馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)被云南(nan)省(sheng)定(ding)為“優質(zhi)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)出口生產基地(di)”,一九九五年(nian),農業局從(cong)日本、新西蘭引(yin)進皇家嘎啦、藤(teng)牧一號等品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積不斷擴大,馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)再次被云南(nan)省(sheng)定(ding)為“早(zao)熟蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生產基地(di)”,2000年(nian)馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)加入中(zhong)國現代蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產業體(ti)系,從(cong)國內外引(yin)進蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)30余個,極(ji)大地(di)為豐富了(le)馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源(yuan)。馬(ma)龍(long)(long)(long)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)因成(cheng)熟早(zao)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個大、具有果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)光(guang)(guang)滑(hua)細膩、色澤光(guang)(guang)亮、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)細膩、甘(gan)甜味(wei)厚、汁多無渣,硬度適中(zhong),清(qing)香可(ke)口,富含豐富的維生素C、纖維素、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膠(jiao)營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi)等,深受(shou)消費(fei)者(zhe)喜歡(huan),目(mu)前市場供不應求。
馬(ma)龍縣(xian)根據地理(li)位(wei)置、氣(qi)候條件、土壤、海拔等(deng)自然條件,大(da)力(li)發展以蘋果為(wei)代表(biao)的(de)(de)水(shui)果產業,其生產規(gui)模逐(zhu)年(nian)擴大(da),經濟效益逐(zhu)年(nian)顯現(xian),農(nong)(nong)民收入逐(zhu)年(nian)提高,水(shui)果產業的(de)(de)發展已(yi)成為(wei)該縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)業經濟增長,農(nong)(nong)民致富的(de)(de)又一亮點(dian)。
目(mu)前,馬龍蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)種植面(mian)積達2.42萬(wan)畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)1100萬(wan)公斤,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)1950萬(wan)元。今(jin)年(nian)全縣共完(wan)成低產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園改(gai)造500畝,高光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)示范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)1500畝,興辦高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)樣板(ban)4800畝,水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套(tao)袋600萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)。全縣有水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)協會一(yi)個(ge)(ge),企業(ye)一(yi)家(jia)。通過新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)引(yin)進(jin)示范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang),獲得國家(jia)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)部、財政(zheng)部現代(dai)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)示范(fan)基地2個(ge)(ge),馬龍蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)牌效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應已經逐漸產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)。在(zai)抓好品(pin)牌效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應的(de)同時,加大(da)現代(dai)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)系建設,于2009年(nian)1月加入國家(jia)現代(dai)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)系,作(zuo)為全省加入國家(jia)現代(dai)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體(ti)系的(de)7個(ge)(ge)縣之一(yi),該縣加大(da)低效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園改(gai)造關(guan)鍵技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研究(jiu)與示范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang);蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)矮砧栽培技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)研究(jiu)與示范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang);早熟蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)新(xin)品(pin)種引(yin)進(jin)試驗示范(fan)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang);創新(xin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)發展思路,加強蘋(pin)(pin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)盆栽和水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)盆景的(de)研發工作(zuo)。抓好質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全。不斷提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全,積極推(tui)(tui)進(jin)無公害標準化示范(fan)基地建設。通過重點推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)測土配方施肥(fei)、黃1蟲板(ban)、誘蟲燈(deng)、水肥(fei)一(yi)體(ti)化、生(sheng)態農(nong)(nong)業(ye)等技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),切實(shi)保障水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全。加大(da)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)指導服(fu)務。千方百計(ji)解決果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)在(zai)水果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中的(de)實(shi)際問題,加強技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)指導和技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)培訓(xun),推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)套(tao)袋、貼字(zi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采后包(bao)裝,進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)提(ti)升果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和檔次,增加果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)益。抓好新(xin)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)(guang)和應用(yong)。通過高光(guang)(guang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、下垂(chui)枝結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、簡易修剪技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、省力化花果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)管(guan)理(li)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和土肥(fei)水管(guan)理(li)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)等栽培技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)集成及先進(jin)實(shi)用(yong)的(de)機械的(de)應
今(jin)年,中(zhong)國產(chan)業體系云南試驗站病(bing)蟲害防控專家(jia)團隊和中(zhong)國蘋果產(chan)業技術(shu)體系首(shou)席科學家(jia)韓明玉一行,先(xian)后到馬龍(long)調研蘋果產(chan)業,對今(jin)后蘋果產(chan)業的(de)發展將(jiang)起(qi)到巨大的(de)推動作用(yong),“馬龍(long)蘋果”將(jiang)大有(you)作為。
地域范圍
馬(ma)龍蘋(pin)果產于云南(nan)省曲靖市(shi)馬(ma)龍縣境內,種植區域涉及通泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)、王家莊鎮(zhen)(zhen)、月望鄉、馬(ma)過河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、舊縣鎮(zhen)(zhen)、馬(ma)鳴鄉、-鄉、納(na)章(zhang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)八個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen),地(di)理(li)坐標:東經(jing)103°16'—103°45'、北緯25°08'—25°37'之間,南(nan)北長44.5km,東西寬(kuan)47.25km,蘋(pin)果種植總面積2000公頃,年產量30000噸。
產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)特性特征
(1)外(wai)在(zai)品質(zhi)特征:馬龍蘋(pin)果(guo)“早熟型(xing)”果(guo)實(shi)圓臺、端(duan)正,“晚(wan)熟型(xing)”果(guo)實(shi)扁圓、不夠端(duan)正,果(guo)皮顏色鮮(xian)紅有(you)光(guang)澤(ze),含糖量高、香味(wei)濃,果(guo)肉細(xi)膩、甘(gan)甜味(wei)厚,質(zhi)脆無渣、汁多(duo),營養豐富。
(2)內在品(pin)質指標:馬龍蘋(pin)果含糖(tang)量高肉細膩、甘甜味厚、汁多無渣,硬(ying)度(du)適中,清香可(ke)口等特點。果實硬(ying)度(du)≥4(kg/平(ping)方厘米(mi)),可(ke)溶性固形物含量≥15.0%,總(zong)含糖(tang)量≥13.0%,鉀≥0.4%、鈣≥35%(mg/kg)、鐵≥3%(mg/kg)、鋅≥0.2%(mg/kg)、總(zong)氨(an)基(ji)酸量≥0.85%,營(ying)養豐富。
(3)安全要求:馬龍蘋(pin)果產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境按照《NY5013-2006 無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食(shi)品(pin),林果類(lei)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境條件》執(zhi)行;產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量達(da)到《NY5011-2006無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 仁果類(lei)水果》產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量標準;生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程控制(zhi)按照《NY/T5012-2002 無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 蘋(pin)果生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)程》進行。