“圭(gui)山山羊”產區(qu)(qu)以(yi)云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)省路(lu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣為(wei)中心(xin)。路(lu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)縣位于東(dong)(dong)經(jing)103°16′,北(bei)緯24°44′,海(hai)拔1679.8米(mi)(mi),最(zui)低(di)1500米(mi)(mi),為(wei)亞熱帶地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)高(gao)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)部低(di),由東(dong)(dong)北(bei)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)傾(qing)斜,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)盤江普拉河、巴盤江經(jing)縣境內由東(dong)(dong)北(bei)流(liu)向(xiang)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),大多(duo)(duo)數地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)屬河谷地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶。圭(gui)山山羊分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在海(hai)拔1800~2400米(mi)(mi)之間,這個地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)東(dong)(dong)部是(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)起伏和(he)緩的(de)圭(gui)山高(gao)原,西(xi)(xi)部是(shi)(shi)土肥水(shui)(shui)好的(de)巴江溶(rong)蝕(shi)壩子(zi),中部是(shi)(shi)林(lin)立巖(yan)溶(rong)山。區(qu)(qu)兼有(you)亞熱帶森(sen)林(lin)氣候特(te)點。年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)15.5℃,極(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣溫(wen)(wen)33℃。極(ji)端最(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)(wen)零下7℃,年(nian)平均(jun)無(wu)霜期255天,年(nian)平均(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)1000毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),最(zui)高(gao)1332.1毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),最(zui)少665.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),每(mei)年(nian)5月開始(shi)進入(ru)雨(yu)季,8月雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)較多(duo)(duo),5~10月占全年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)85%,形成夏秋多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)、冬春干旱的(de)干濕分(fen)(fen)明(ming)的(de)氣候特(te)點。主(zhu)產區(qu)(qu)土壤(rang)絕大部分(fen)(fen)為(wei)紅壤(rang)。植物種類繁多(duo)(duo),為(wei)多(duo)(duo)種亞熱帶植物。森(sen)林(lin)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)在山區(qu)(qu),以(yi)圭(gui)山西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)一帶最(zui)多(duo)(duo),大多(duo)(duo)數是(shi)(shi)云南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)松和(he)華山松。路(lu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)全縣林(lin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)560343畝(mu)(mu),其中疏林(lin)面(mian)積(ji)達87057畝(mu)(mu),灌木林(lin)291512畝(mu)(mu);牧地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)達447026畝(mu)(mu);耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)251069畝(mu)(mu)。壩區(qu)(qu)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)稻、玉米(mi)(mi)、小麥、蠶豆、烤煙為(wei)主(zhu);山區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以(yi)玉米(mi)(mi)、馬鈴薯、蕎子(zi)、豆類為(wei)主(zhu)。
體形外貌
“圭山(shan)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)”頭小而(er)干燥,額寬(kuan),耳大靈活不下垂,鼻直(zhi),眼(yan)大有(you)神,頸(jing)扁淺,髯甲高而(er)稍(shao)寬(kuan)。胸寬(kuan)、深(shen)而(er)稍(shao)長,背腰平直(zhi),腹大充實、尻部(bu)稍(shao)斜,四肢結(jie)實、蹄堅(jian)實呈黑(hei)色。骨架中等,體軀豐(feng)滿(man),近于長方形。公、母羊(yang)(yang)梳(shu)子角占(zhan)(zhan)7.8%,排(pai)角占(zhan)(zhan)86.52%,前(qian)向螺旋角占(zhan)(zhan)5.67%。圭山(shan)山(shan)羊(yang)(yang)全身黑(hei)色毛(mao)者占(zhan)(zhan)70.21%,頭、頸(jing)、肩部(bu)、腹部(bu)棕色毛(mao)者占(zhan)(zhan)21.28%,全身棕色占(zhan)(zhan)7.09%,青毛(mao)只有(you)1.42%,被毛(mao)粗短富(fu)有(you)光(guang)澤。母羊(yang)(yang)乳房圓大緊湊,發育(yu)中等。公羊(yang)(yang)睪丸(wan)大,左右對稱。
生產性能
“圭山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)”具有產(chan)肉、產(chan)乳(ru)(ru)特(te)性,屬乳(ru)(ru)肉兼(jian)用(yong)地方品(pin)種。成(cheng)年(nian)公(gong)羊(yang)平均體(ti)長、胸圍和體(ti)重分別為(wei)(wei)(wei):71.47厘米,80.53厘米,43.63公(gong)斤,成(cheng)年(nian)母羊(yang)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei):72.03厘米,79.90厘米,43.52公(gong)斤。泌乳(ru)(ru)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5~6個(ge)月(yue)(長達7個(ge)月(yue)),除羔(gao)羊(yang)吸(xi)吮外,一個(ge)泌乳(ru)(ru)期可擠奶45~90千克,乳(ru)(ru)脂(zhi)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)5.0%。屠宰率為(wei)(wei)(wei)44~44.3%。產(chan)羔(gao)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)156%。圭山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)抗逆性強,發病少。善于攀(pan)食灌(guan)木嫩葉枝芽,耐粗飼的能力強。既產(chan)乳(ru)(ru)、又(you)產(chan)肉,體(ti)質(zhi)結(jie)實,行動靈活,游牧或定牧均可。但(dan)產(chan)乳(ru)(ru)量低,生長發育緩慢,成(cheng)熟晚。
地理分(fen)布:圭(gui)山(shan)山(shan)羊(yang)分(fen)布于云南(nan)彝族支系撒(sa)尼族聚居的路(lu)南(nan)、宜良、彌勒、瀘西、陸良、師(shi)宗(zong)等(deng)縣。