一.產品介紹
據(ju)《漢(han)中地(di)(di)理志(zhi)(zhi)》、《漢(han)中地(di)(di)區志(zhi)(zhi)》記載(zai),早(zao)在新石器(qi)時(shi)代,漢(han)中已種(zhong)植(zhi)水稻。西(xi)漢(han)簫何(he)筑堰(yan),三國孔(kong)明(ming)屯墾(ken),皆以種(zhong)稻儲(chu)谷武備。另(ling)據(ju)《西(xi)鄉縣志(zhi)(zhi)》記載(zai),唐《地(di)(di)理志(zhi)(zhi)》有“西(xi)鄉稻米(mi)是京兆貢米(mi)源地(di)(di)之一(yi)”的描述(shu),說明(ming)漢(han)中大(da)米(mi)品質優(you)良。著名氣象(xiang)學家竺(zhu)可楨先生(sheng)和袁(yuan)隆平(ping)院士對漢(han)中水稻生(sheng)產(chan)和優(you)質米(mi)產(chan)業發展進行了高(gao)度(du)評價。以漢(han)中大(da)米(mi)為(wei)原料制作的漢(han)中米(mi)(面)皮(pi),相傳始于(yu)西(xi)漢(han)初年,現已成(cheng)為(wei)全國知(zhi)名特色小(xiao)吃。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人文歷史(shi)因素
漢中(zhong)地處我(wo)國(guo)(guo)南(nan)(nan)北氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候過渡帶(dai),屬北亞(ya)熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候類型(xing),被譽(yu)為(wei)“地球(qiu)上同緯(wei)度生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)條件最好(hao)的(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang)”,森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率58.18%,是(shi)四(si)大“國(guo)(guo)寶”大熊貓、朱鹮、金絲猴、羚牛的(de)(de)棲息生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)地。漢中(zhong)北有(you)秦嶺屏(ping)障,寒流(liu)不易侵入,南(nan)(nan)有(you)大巴山攔截(jie)南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)暖濕氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu),盆地效應凸顯,冬無嚴寒,夏無酷暑(shu),四(si)季分明,雨熱同季。年降雨量800-1200 mm,年日(ri)照時數1300-1800小時;年均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)12-14℃,≥10℃活動(dong)積溫(wen)4200℃-4480℃,其(qi)中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)4月至9月活動(dong)積溫(wen)占全年的(de)(de)87.2%。漢中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐(feng)富,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質潔凈,是(shi)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)南(nan)(nan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北調中(zhong)線工(gong)程重要(yao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源涵養區(qu)(qu)和供京水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源地,東西橫貫的(de)(de)漢江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系和南(nan)(nan)北縱穿的(de)(de)嘉陵(ling)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系年平(ping)均(jun)徑流(liu)144.1億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。建(jian)(jian)于(yu)兩千多年前的(de)(de)山河、五門堰、民國(guo)(guo)時期的(de)(de)漢惠(hui)、褒惠(hui)、湑(xu)惠(hui)三大干渠、建(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)后的(de)(de)冷惠(hui)渠、石(shi)門水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、紅寺(si)壩(ba)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、南(nan)(nan)沙河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫等引、蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程,在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)灌(guan)(guan)溉上發(fa)揮著(zhu)重要(yao)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)植區(qu)(qu)渠系配套(tao),四(si)通八達,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產中(zhong)保灌(guan)(guan)面積90%以上。稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)田土(tu)壤類型(xing)以潴育性水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)土(tu)和淹育性水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)土(tu)為(wei)主,熟(shu)(shu)化程度高(gao),有(you)機質含量1.65-4.31%,肥力高(gao),保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥性強。漢中(zhong)是(shi)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)同一緯(wei)度遲熟(shu)(shu)中(zhong)秈(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)植的(de)(de)最北沿(yan),屬優質秈(xian)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)最佳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)區(qu)(qu)之一。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)育、灌(guan)(guan)漿結實期氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)多在(zai)23-30度之間,既無南(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)危(wei)害(hai),又無北方(fang)(fang)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)影響(xiang),尤其(qi)是(shi)8月中(zhong)旬至9月上旬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)灌(guan)(guan)漿結實期,旬平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)21.8-24.9℃,晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差7.9-8.6℃,溫(wen)度適宜,晝(zhou)夜(ye)溫(wen)差大,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)灌(guan)(guan)漿速度平(ping)穩,消耗少,累積多,利于(yu)高(gao)產優質。
三.地域范圍
漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)位于陜西省西南部(bu),北(bei)(bei)(bei)依(yi)秦嶺,南屏巴(ba)(ba)山(shan),中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)是漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)盆地。水(shui)稻是漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)主要(yao)(yao)的糧食(shi)作物(wu),種植區(qu)(qu)主要(yao)(yao)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在海拔450-750米(mi)的平壩(ba)(ba)、丘陵和淺山(shan)區(qu)(qu)。漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)大米(mi)農(nong)產品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志地域保護(hu)范圍為漢(han)中(zhong)(zhong)市行(xing)政所轄漢(han)臺區(qu)(qu)、南鄭縣(xian)(xian)、城固(gu)縣(xian)(xian)、洋縣(xian)(xian)、西鄉縣(xian)(xian)、勉縣(xian)(xian)、寧強縣(xian)(xian)、略陽縣(xian)(xian)、鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)、留壩(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)、佛坪縣(xian)(xian)10縣(xian)(xian)1區(qu)(qu)175個(ge)鎮(zhen)。地理(li)坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經105°30′-108°16′,北(bei)(bei)(bei)緯(wei)32°08′- 33°53′,東到(dao)(dao)鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)巴(ba)(ba)廟鎮(zhen),南到(dao)(dao)鎮(zhen)巴(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)鹽場鎮(zhen),西到(dao)(dao)寧強縣(xian)(xian)青木川鎮(zhen),北(bei)(bei)(bei)到(dao)(dao)留壩(ba)(ba)縣(xian)(xian)江口鎮(zhen)。總生產面(mian)積(ji)10萬(wan)(wan)公頃(150萬(wan)(wan)畝),年產稻谷65.02萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外在(zai)感觀特(te)征:漢中(zhong)大米(mi)(mi)為秈米(mi)(mi),加工品質好(hao),其中(zhong)出糙率(lv)(lv)為75-79%,整(zheng)精(jing)米(mi)(mi)率(lv)(lv)52-56%,堊白(bai)粒率(lv)(lv)≤20%。漢中(zhong)大米(mi)(mi)米(mi)(mi)粒細長均勻(yun),色澤(ze)清白(bai),晶瑩剔(ti)透,光(guang)滑(hua)油潤,氣味純正;煮粥漿汁如乳,味甘醇香;蒸飯(fan)油亮(liang)溢香,柔(rou)韌不(bu)粘;冷飯(fan)成粒性(xing)好(hao),不(bu)回生。
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):漢中(zhong)大米營(ying)養豐富均(jun)衡,其中(zhong)蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量不(bu)低(di)于6.0g/100g,脂(zhi)肪含(han)(han)量0.3-1.5g/100g,氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)總量不(bu)低(di)于5.8g/100g,直鏈淀粉14.0-20.0g/100g,硒含(han)(han)量不(bu)低(di)于2.0μg/100g。
3、安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):漢(han)中大(da)米(mi)標(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)人其(qi)生產(chan)(chan)基地和大(da)米(mi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)需達到無公害產(chan)(chan)地和產(chan)(chan)品(pin)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),批次(ci)抽檢(jian)符合農辦質〔2015〕4號文(wen)大(da)米(mi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。