鄱陽大米(mi)外觀晶瑩(ying)剔透(tou),具(ju)有光澤,米(mi)粒長柱形;米(mi)飯潔白香醇、爽滑、有嚼(jiao)勁,適(shi)口性好,冷卻后不(bu)回生。
鄱陽(yang)(yang)大米保(bao)護區域(yu)地處(chu)鄱陽(yang)(yang)湖(hu)平(ping)原,土(tu)壤(rang)以水(shui)稻(dao)土(tu)、潮土(tu)、草(cao)甸(dian)土(tu)為主(zhu),富(fu)含有機質(zhi),養分充足(zu);土(tu)壤(rang)土(tu)層深厚,蓄水(shui)能力強(qiang),pH值5.8-6.5之間(jian),耕性良好。鄱陽(yang)(yang)大米保(bao)護區域(yu)屬(shu)典型的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風氣候區,四(si)季(ji)分明,熱(re)量豐富(fu),雨(yu)量充沛,水(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu),年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)數(shu)2098h,太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)輻射數(shu)為115千卡/平(ping)方厘米,平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量1620mm,全年(nian)無霜(shuang)期(qi)275d,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕度77%。9月平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度25.6℃,晝夜溫(wen)差達10℃,雨(yu)量中(zhong)等,有利于一季(ji)稻(dao)的(de)(de)(de)灌漿結實,促進稻(dao)米香味物質(zhi)含量的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)高和減少稻(dao)米堊(e)白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)形成。獨特的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)條件十(shi)分適宜優質(zhi)水(shui)稻(dao)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
鄱陽大米保護(hu)區域(yu)位(wei)于江西省(sheng)鄱陽縣,包括謝家灘(tan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、石門(men)街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、油墩(dun)街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、田(tian)畈街(jie)(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、金盤嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)、凰崗鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙(shuang)港(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、古縣渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、饒(rao)豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)、樂豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)、響(xiang)水灘(tan)鄉、枧(jian)田(tian)街(jie)(jie)鄉、柘港(gang)鄉、鴉鵲湖(hu)鄉、游城鄉、三廟前(qian)鄉、蓮湖(hu)鄉、蘆田(tian)鄉18個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)401個(ge)(ge)行政村;保護(hu)范圍位(wei)于東經(jing)116°35′37″-117°00′03″,北緯28°48′30″-29°36′35″之間(jian)。保護(hu)規模(mo)為66000公頃,年產量(liang)514000噸(dun)。
(1)外在感觀特征:鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)外觀晶(jing)瑩剔(ti)透,具有(you)光澤,米(mi)粒(li)(li)長柱形(xing);米(mi)飯潔白香醇、爽滑(hua)、有(you)嚼勁,適口性(xing)好,冷卻后(hou)不回生。(2)內在品質指標:堊白粒(li)(li)率≤10%,直鏈淀粉含量(liang)15%-22%,膠稠度≥80mm,粒(li)(li)型長寬比3.0-4.0,蛋白質含量(liang)≥6%。(3)質量(liang)安(an)全要求:鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)符合NY/T419《綠色(se)食品 稻米(mi)》標準。
(1)產地要(yao)求:選擇(ze)鄱陽湖平原區(qu)土層深(shen)厚、地勢(shi)平坦、排灌方便、集中連片的稻田進行種(zhong)植(zhi),土壤pH以6.0-6.5為佳。
(2)品種選擇:選用黃華占、贛晚(wan)秈38號作為主要(yao)種植(zhi)品種。
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)產管(guan)理(li):①生(sheng)(sheng)育進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)安排(pai)及(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處(chu)理(li):為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)大(da)(da)(da)米的(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)品(pin)質,鄱陽大(da)(da)(da)米主(zhu)要作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)中稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),根(gen)據鄱陽湖區的(de)(de)氣(qi)候特點(dian),每(mei)年安排(pai)在(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)至(zhi)(zhi)5月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),8月(yue)(yue)下旬(xun)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)揚花(hua)(hua),9月(yue)(yue)灌漿(jiang)結實,10月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo),全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)育期(qi)(qi)(qi)160-165d。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等工作(zuo),并選用(yong)(yong)(yong)咪鮮胺等藥劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消(xiao)毒,嚴防(fang)(fang)(fang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)。②播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)栽(zai)培密度控(kong)制(zhi):為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)獲(huo)得(de)較高(gao)的(de)(de)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)減(jian)少施肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)從而促進(jin)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)米品(pin)質的(de)(de)提高(gao),鄱陽大(da)(da)(da)米大(da)(da)(da)田(tian)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)1.5-2.0公(gong)斤(jin)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)插或(huo)(huo)拋秧(yang)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),機(ji)插秧(yang)齡控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)25天以(yi)內,栽(zai)插規格5寸×7寸,每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)插1.7-1.8萬蔸,每(mei)蔸栽(zai)3-4根(gen)秧(yang)苗(miao);拋栽(zai)秧(yang)齡控(kong)制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)28d以(yi)內,每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)拋足1.8-2.0萬蔸,每(mei)蔸3根(gen)秧(yang)苗(miao)。③肥(fei)料(liao)運籌:一(yi)(yi)般地(di)(di)力田(tian)塊(kuai)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)施氮(dan)(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)12-13公(gong)斤(jin)、6-7公(gong)斤(jin)和(he)(he)(he)(he)12-13公(gong)斤(jin)。堅持有機(ji)無(wu)機(ji)肥(fei)配施,冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)草(cao)(cao),于(yu)盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)耕翻(fan)還(huan)田(tian),按(an)照每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)每(mei)1000公(gong)斤(jin)紅(hong)花(hua)(hua)草(cao)(cao)鮮草(cao)(cao)減(jian)氮(dan)(dan)2公(gong)斤(jin)的(de)(de)比例確定(ding)化肥(fei)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。其中氮(dan)(dan)肥(fei)按(an)基肥(fei):分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)(bo)肥(fei):穗(sui)(sui)肥(fei):粒(li)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)4:2:2:2施肥(fei),基肥(fei)于(yu)整地(di)(di)前(qian)(qian)或(huo)(huo)整地(di)(di)時(shi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong),分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)(bo)肥(fei)于(yu)移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)后5-7d施用(yong)(yong)(yong),穗(sui)(sui)肥(fei)于(yu)孕(yun)(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong),粒(li)肥(fei)于(yu)齊穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong);磷(lin)肥(fei)作(zuo)底肥(fei)于(yu)整耕時(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)性施用(yong)(yong)(yong);鉀(jia)肥(fei)按(an)基肥(fei):穗(sui)(sui)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)6:4施用(yong)(yong)(yong)。④水(shui)分(fen)(fen)管(guan)理(li)做(zuo)(zuo)到薄水(shui)返青,濕(shi)潤分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)(bo),達(da)到15-16萬莖蘗(bo)(bo)(bo)數(shu)/畝(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)曬田(tian),幼穗(sui)(sui)分(fen)(fen)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)揚花(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)(qi)保(bao)(bao)持田(tian)間淺水(shui),抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)后干干濕(shi)濕(shi)壯籽,收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)前(qian)(qian)7天斷(duan)水(shui)。⑤病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制(zhi):堅持“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)、綜(zong)合防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)原則(ze),做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)農業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)物防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)農業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)基礎上(shang)(shang)綜(zong)合采用(yong)(yong)(yong)香(xiang)根(gen)草(cao)(cao)誘螟(ming)、性誘劑(ji)(ji)誘蟲(chong)(chong)、頻振燈殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)等技術措施防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)。頻振燈按(an)每(mei)盞燈覆蓋(gai)面積15畝(mu)(mu)(mu)計,燈與(yu)燈之間的(de)(de)距離為(wei)(wei)100米。大(da)(da)(da)田(tian)主(zhu)要搞好(hao)“三蟲(chong)(chong)三病(bing)(bing)(bing)”的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),即(ji):分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)(bo)盛(sheng)期(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)二化螟(ming),分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)(zhi)孕(yun)(yun)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷葉螟(ming),抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)灌漿(jiang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱,破口抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)初期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing),孕(yun)(yun)穗(sui)(sui)至(zhi)(zhi)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)及(ji)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)(bing)。二化螟(ming)和(he)(he)(he)(he)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱(zong)卷葉螟(ming)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)2%阿維菌素(su),或(huo)(huo)10%稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)騰(teng)進(jin)行防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)70%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)啉水(shui)分(fen)(fen)散(san)粒(li)劑(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)25%吡(bi)蚜酮(tong)可(ke)濕(shi)性粉(fen)劑(ji)(ji)等進(jin)行防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)春(chun)雷(lei)霉(mei)(mei)素(su)、三環唑、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)靈、瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)畢克(40%稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)靈與(yu)異稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)凈(jing)乳油)等藥劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)行防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);紋枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)岡霉(mei)(mei)素(su)、井(jing)·蠟芽(井(jing)岡霉(mei)(mei)素(su)與(yu)蠟質芽孢桿菌混劑(ji)(ji))等藥劑(ji)(ji)進(jin)行防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)前(qian)(qian)5-7d,每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)12.5%紋霉(mei)(mei)清水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)400-500毫升,或(huo)(huo)5%井(jing)岡霉(mei)(mei)素(su)水(shui)劑(ji)(ji)400-500毫升,對水(shui)50公(gong)斤(jin)噴霧。⑥生(sheng)(sheng)產記錄(lu)檔(dang)案(an)管(guan)理(li):水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)行全(quan)程(cheng)(cheng)記載,主(zhu)要包(bao)括播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)時(shi)間,水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出苗(miao)、分(fen)(fen)蘗(bo)(bo)(bo)、分(fen)(fen)化、抽(chou)(chou)(chou)穗(sui)(sui)、成熟等水(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)育進(jin)程(cheng)(cheng),農業(ye)投入品(pin)的(de)(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間、次(ci)數(shu)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa)、收(shou)(shou)獲(huo)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)等,檔(dang)案(an)專人記錄(lu)、專人保(bao)(bao)管(guan),記錄(lu)檔(dang)案(an)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)3年以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。
(4)產(chan)后處理:鄱陽(yang)大米收獲在穗黃、葉落、成熟度達到85%-90%時進行(xing);要(yao)求不同(tong)品種單(dan)獨(du)收割、單(dan)獨(du)晾曬(烘干(gan))、單(dan)獨(du)儲運、單(dan)獨(du)加工(gong)、單(dan)獨(du)包裝;嚴禁瀝青路面翻曬,盡可(ke)能使用(yong)烘干(gan)機烘干(gan);商品糧即(ji)時售賣(mai),企業精選加工(gong);貯藏(zang)在避(bi)光、常溫、防(fang)潮、防(fang)鼠(shu)的(de)倉庫;實(shi)行(xing)秸稈還田(tian)。
(1)符合下列條(tiao)件的(de)單位(wei)和(he)個人,可以向登(deng)記(ji)證書持(chi)有(you)人申請使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)品地理標志(zhi):①生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營的(de)鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)產(chan)(chan)自登(deng)記(ji)確定的(de)地域范(fan)圍; ②已取(qu)得(de)鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營資質(zhi);③能(neng)夠(gou)嚴格(ge)按照(zhao)規定的(de)質(zhi)量技術規范(fan)組織開展生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營活動;④具有(you)鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)地理標志(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)品市場開發經營能(neng)力。使(shi)用(yong)鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)大米(mi)農產(chan)(chan)品地理標志(zhi),應當按照(zhao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營年度與登(deng)記(ji)證書持(chi)有(you)人簽訂使(shi)用(yong)協(xie)議,在協(xie)議中(zhong)載明使(shi)用(yong)數量、范(fan)圍和(he)相(xiang)關(guan)責任義務。
(2)農產品地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人享有以(yi)下權利(li):①可(ke)以(yi)在產品及包裝上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)鄱陽大(da)米地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(鄱陽大(da)米名稱和公共標(biao)識圖(tu)案組(zu)合標(biao)注等(deng)); ②可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)登記(ji)的鄱陽大(da)米地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),進行(xing)產品宣(xuan)傳(chuan)和參加展(zhan)(zhan)覽、展(zhan)(zhan)示及展(zhan)(zhan)銷。
(3)鄱陽大(da)米地理(li)標志使(shi)用(yong)人應當履行以下(xia)義務:①自覺接受登記證(zheng)書持有人的監(jian)督檢查;②保證(zheng)鄱陽大(da)米地理(li)標志農產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質和(he)信譽(yu); ③正(zheng)確(que)規范地使(shi)用(yong)鄱陽大(da)米地理(li)標志。
(4)鄱陽大(da)米地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)者應當建立質(zhi)量(liang)控制追(zhui)溯(su)體系,農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志持有人和標(biao)(biao)志使用人對鄱陽大(da)米產(chan)品(pin)的質(zhi)量(liang)和信譽負責;
(5)任何(he)單位(wei)和個(ge)人(ren)不準偽造、冒用鄱(po)陽大米地理標志(zhi)和登記證(zheng)書;
(6)鼓勵單(dan)位和個人對鄱陽大米地理標志進行(xing)社會監督。