前(qian)胡是傘(san)(san)形(xing)科,前(qian)胡屬多年生(sheng)草(cao)本植物,高可達1米。根(gen)頸粗壯,徑灰褐色,根(gen)圓錐形(xing),莖圓柱形(xing),基生(sheng)葉具(ju)長柄,葉片輪廓寬卵形(xing)或(huo)三角(jiao)狀卵形(xing),三出式二至三回(hui)分裂,先端(duan)漸(jian)尖,基部楔形(xing)至截形(xing),邊緣圓鋸齒,兩面無(wu)毛,葉鞘稍寬,邊緣膜質,復傘(san)(san)形(xing)花(hua)序多數,頂生(sheng)或(huo)側生(sheng),傘(san)(san)形(xing)花(hua)序,總苞片線形(xing);傘(san)(san)輻不(bu)等長,小(xiao)傘(san)(san)形(xing)花(hua)序有花(hua);花(hua)瓣卵形(xing),白色;花(hua)柱短,彎曲,圓錐形(xing)。果(guo)實卵圓形(xing),棕色,8-9月(yue)開(kai)花(hua),10-11月(yue)結果(guo)。
淳(chun)安白花前胡(Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn)農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為:地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為東經(jing)118°20′—119°20′、北緯(wei)29°11′—30°02′之間。生產(chan)地域范圍(wei)為:浙江(jiang)省淳(chun)安縣所屬的千島湖鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、文昌鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石林鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、富(fu)文鄉(xiang)(xiang)、左口鄉(xiang)(xiang)、里商(shang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、金峰(feng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、臨岐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、屏門(men)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、瑤山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、威坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鳩坑(keng)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、王(wang)阜鄉(xiang)(xiang)、宋村鄉(xiang)(xiang)、姜(jiang)家鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、梓桐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、浪川鄉(xiang)(xiang)、界首鄉(xiang)(xiang)、汾口鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、中(zhong)洲鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)墅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楓(feng)樹嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、安陽鄉(xiang)(xiang)23個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)425個(ge)行(xing)政村。現有種植面(mian)積(ji)(ji)800公頃,年產(chan)量(liang)1500余噸。除了(le)我縣水域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)和城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)心面(mian)積(ji)(ji),合計保護區域27000公頃。
地(di)形地(di)貌:淳(chun)安縣地(di)處天目(mu)山余脈,屬浙西丘陵山區,由中低(di)(di)山、丘陵、小型盆地(di)、谷(gu)地(di)和千(qian)(qian)島湖組(zu)成,俗稱“八(ba)山半(ban)田分(fen)半(ban)水”,森(sen)林覆蓋率達87.5%。地(di)勢(shi)西北(bei)高、東南低(di)(di),西北(bei)部海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)多在(zai)600~1000m,東部海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)多在(zai)600m左(zuo)右。北(bei)部主峰千(qian)(qian)畝田,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)高1436m,南部磨(mo)心尖,海(hai)拔(ba)(ba)1523m。
氣(qi)候(hou)特征:縣境位(wei)于中亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區北(bei)緣,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和濕潤,雨量充沛(pei),四季(ji)分明,光照(zhao)充足。年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)17℃,年平均降水(shui)量1430mm,無霜期263天。受(shou)千島(dao)湖影(ying)響,形成庫區小(xiao)氣(qi)候(hou),與同緯(wei)度(du)的(de)其(qi)他(ta)地區比,顯得冬(dong)暖(nuan)夏涼。土壤(rang)情況:全(quan)(quan)縣石灰巖土面(mian)積(ji)(ji)近80萬畝,廣(guang)泛(fan)分布于全(quan)(quan)縣各地,約占全(quan)(quan)縣山(shan)地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)1/7,占全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)灰巖土壤(rang)總面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)29.4%,pH值多為6.8-7.4,礫(li)石含量較(jiao)高,有機質含量2.5%以(yi)上,土壤(rang)肥(fei)力較(jiao)好,尤(you)其(qi)是山(shan)麓山(shan)岙土層較(jiao)深厚,適宜白花(hua)前胡等作物的(de)生長。
水(shui)文(wen)情況:淳安縣境內各河流統屬錢塘江(jiang)水(shui)系,有新安江(jiang)、武強(qiang)溪、富強(qiang)溪、進賢溪、楓林港(gang)和云源(yuan)港(gang)等(deng)20余條(tiao),均匯(hui)集于千島湖。保護區(qu)內地表水(shui)達(da)國家Ⅰ類(lei)水(shui)質標準。
白花前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)外觀與(yu)氣滋味(wei):與(yu)呈(cheng)不規(gui)則的圓(yuan)柱(zhu)形、圓(yuan)錐(zhui)形或(huo)紡錘形,稍扭(niu)曲,頭(tou)大,粗(cu)壯,頭(tou)部(bu)有(you)細密橫紋(wen),長(chang)3-15cm,直徑1-2cm,下(xia)部(bu)常(chang)有(you)分(fen)枝;表面(mian)黑褐(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)灰黃色(se)(se),有(you)突起(qi)皮(pi)(pi)孔,質較柔(rou)軟,斷面(mian)不整齊,皮(pi)(pi)部(bu)白色(se)(se),散(san)有(you)多數棕黃色(se)(se)油點(dian),髓部(bu)奶黃色(se)(se);氣芳香(xiang),味(wei)微苦、辛。理(li)化指(zhi)標:白花前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)甲素(su)≥1.0%,白花前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)乙素(su)≥0.24%,含(han)水量(liang)≤12.0%。質量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定:淳安(an)(an)白花前(qian)(qian)胡(hu)質量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)符合國家(jia)有(you)關質量(liang)安(an)(an)全(quan)規(gui)定。
白花前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)基地(di)(di)(di)宜(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇坡(po)度(du)(du)20度(du)(du)~30度(du)(du)、海(hai)拔(ba)100米(mi)-1000米(mi),且(qie)(qie)土(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松、有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量高(gao)的(de)向陽砂(sha)壤(rang)土(tu)坡(po)地(di)(di)(di)生產,土(tu)壤(rang)pH應(ying)(ying)為6.5-8.0,也(ye)可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇疏(shu)林(lin)下(xia)套種(zhong)。品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇:須(xu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇當地(di)(di)(di)白花前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu),于霜降后采(cai)集(ji)健(jian)壯、無(wu)病(bing)的(de)野生或種(zhong)植(zhi)成熟果序(xu),曬干(gan)(gan)擦打,使種(zhong)子(zi)脫出,去除(chu)(chu)雜(za)質(zhi)。關鍵技(ji)術(shu)(shu):按照DB330127/T045—2008《無(wu)公害(hai)前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)生產技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規程》操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo),為保證其品質(zhi)特色和(he)(he)前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)質(zhi)量安全,基地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇:按產地(di)(di)(di)要求選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇海(hai)拔(ba)100米(mi)-1000米(mi)、土(tu)質(zhi)疏(shu)松、有(you)(you)機質(zhi)含量高(gao)、排(pai)水(shui)(shui)良好(hao)向陽坡(po)地(di)(di)(di),以石灰巖土(tu)壤(rang)為宜(yi),也(ye)可選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)疏(shu)林(lin)下(xia)套種(zhong)。前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)植(zhi):種(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間以每年(nian)(nian)11月上旬(xun)~翌(yi)年(nian)(nian)1月下(xia)旬(xun)冬播(bo)(bo)(bo)為宜(yi),也(ye)可在(zai)2月下(xia)旬(xun)~3月上旬(xun)春播(bo)(bo)(bo)。連片種(zhong)植(zhi)一(yi)般采(cai)用條播(bo)(bo)(bo)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong),每667m2用種(zhong)1.5kg~2kg。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)宜(yi)整地(di)(di)(di)作(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi),施入基肥,在(zai)整好(hao)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)畦(qi)面(mian)上按規格(ge)以30cm~40cm的(de)行(xing)(xing)距(ju)開(kai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)溝,溝深2cm~3cm,溝底平坦,土(tu)細碎,然后種(zhong)子(zi)均(jun)勻撒(sa)在(zai)溝內(nei),覆蓋3cm細土(tu),稍壓實,澆水(shui)(shui)保濕。可于疏(shu)林(lin)及(ji)其它(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥材地(di)(di)(di)帶套種(zhong),一(yi)般采(cai)用撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo),將前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)種(zhong)子(zi)均(jun)勻撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)土(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),然后用竹枝(zhi)或掃帚輕(qing)輕(qing)拂動,每667m2用種(zhong)量可為平地(di)(di)(di)種(zhong)植(zhi)的(de)1/2-1/3。生長管(guan)理(li):苗(miao)期應(ying)(ying)保持土(tu)壤(rang)濕潤,遇干(gan)(gan)旱(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)澆水(shui)(shui),澆水(shui)(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)用噴(pen)淋方式。幼苗(miao)長至3cm~5cm高(gao)時(shi)(shi)(shi),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草,并(bing)拔(ba)除(chu)(chu)過密和(he)(he)過細苗(miao),按株(zhu)距(ju)4cm左右(you)定苗(miao)(密度(du)(du)約45000~50000株(zhu)/667m2);6月中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)~7月上旬(xun)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)二(er)(er)次(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草,淺鋤(chu)。施肥以基肥為主(zhu),增施有(you)(you)機肥。夏秋季久旱(han)時(shi)(shi)(shi),宜(yi)在(zai)清晨(chen)或傍晚進(jin)行(xing)(xing)澆水(shui)(shui);梅雨季節要及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)防漬。6月~7月間,對產生花莖的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu),可結(jie)合中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草去除(chu)(chu)。病(bing)蟲(chong)防治:根(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)發(fa)生規律和(he)(he)預報(bao),采(cai)用加(jia)強管(guan)理(li)、培育壯苗(miao)、提高(gao)植(zhi)株(zhu)抗逆(ni)性(xing)、及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清理(li)田間雜(za)草和(he)(he)病(bing)株(zhu)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)理(li)、殺蟲(chong)燈等(deng)農業(ye)、物理(li)和(he)(he)生物等(deng)綠色防治方式進(jin)行(xing)(xing)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)綜合防治。采(cai)收(shou)與初加(jia)工(gong):于霜降后植(zhi)株(zhu)枯(ku)萎(wei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)至第(di)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)春分前(qian)(qian)(qian)采(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)全株(zhu)挖起,抖去泥土(tu),去除(chu)(chu)葉莖,曬干(gan)(gan)或低(di)溫(wen)烘干(gan)(gan)。制干(gan)(gan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),須(xu)根(gen)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)而主(zhu)根(gen)未干(gan)(gan)時(shi)(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)去須(xu)根(gen)后再干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)至全干(gan)(gan)。加(jia)工(gong)后的(de)成品前(qian)(qian)(qian)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)藥材宜(yi)用凈麻(ma)(布)袋裝,并(bing)置于陰涼干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)處(chu)保存,貯藏環境應(ying)(ying)整潔干(gan)(gan)燥(zao),且(qie)(qie)應(ying)(ying)定期檢(jian)查(cha),發(fa)現吸潮(chao)、返(fan)軟時(shi)(shi)(shi),應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)晾(liang)曬干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)處(chu)理(li)。