景點介紹
在(zai)漳州(zhou)角美鎮青礁(jiao)文圃(pu)山脈岐山東(dong)(dong)(dong)鳴(ming)嶺下(xia),又(you)稱(cheng)慈(ci)濟東(dong)(dong)(dong)宮(gong)(gong),供奉宋(song)(song)代民間神醫吳(wu)(wu)夲(979-1036年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),音滔,從大從十(shi))。省(sheng)級文物保護單位(wei)宋(song)(song)仁宗(zong)景祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1036年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),吳(wu)(wu)夲深入(ru)閩(min)南(nan)瘟疫流行地(di)區,拯(zheng)救萬民,采(cai)藥時不(bu)幸落崖謝世。當地(di)人(ren)民于其故(gu)鄉白(bai)礁(jiao)村(cun),建“龍湫(qiu)庵”,雕像(xiang)祀奉。為白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)前身,宋(song)(song)紹興二十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建廟(miao),宋(song)(song)孝(xiao)宗(zong)賜廟(miao)號曰“慈(ci)濟”;宋(song)(song)淳(chun)祐元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))改廟(miao)為宮(gong)(gong),青礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)因方位(wei)在(zai)白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)東(dong)(dong)(dong),故(gu)名慈(ci)濟東(dong)(dong)(dong)宮(gong)(gong),明成(cheng)祖(zu)封吳(wu)(wu)夲為萬壽(shou)無(wu)極保生(sheng)大帝(di),民間俗稱(cheng)大道公。
宮(gong)分五殿(dian),飛(fei)檐交錯(cuo)。主(zhu)殿(dian)有(you)(you)12根(gen)蟠龍(long)大(da)石(shi)(shi)柱,上刻蟠龍(long)騰云、八仙游山及山川禽獸等,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一對石(shi)(shi)柱如花瓶狀(zhuang),在福建的(de)(de)宮(gong)廟建筑中(zhong)(zhong)難得一見。宮(gong)內(nei)的(de)(de)大(da)幅(fu)青石(shi)(shi)浮雕上刻著龍(long)虎和(he)隋唐故(gu)事(shi),另兩幅(fu)石(shi)(shi)屏上則(ze)雕繪哪吒(zha)鬧(nao)海的(de)(de)故(gu)事(shi),梁(liang)上木刻有(you)(you)獅象龍(long)鳳和(he)奇(qi)花異卉,雕工精細,金(jin)碧輝煌。彩(cai)畫(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)一幅(fu)鳳頭(tou)、龍(long)尾(wei)、龜身、四腳的(de)(de)神物(wu),很是怪異。畫(hua)著傳說故(gu)事(shi)的(de)(de)油(you)彩(cai)畫(hua)和(he)黑底描金(jin)畫(hua)雖歷經滄桑,色彩(cai)依然(ran)鮮明。殿(dian)頂鋪綠色琉璃瓦(wa),四周(zhou)環(huan)飾著彩(cai)陶綴(zhui)成的(de)(de)各色人(ren)物(wu)和(he)12條龍(long)。二層(ceng)閣樓中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)鐘鼓樓,藻井為木拱結構,層(ceng)層(ceng)疊疊,玲瓏輕巧。樓內(nei)大(da)鐘鑄于(yu)清康熙三十(shi)六(liu)年(nian)(1697年(nian))。宮(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)還保存著康熙、嘉慶、咸豐(feng)、光(guang)緒等朝代(dai)的(de)(de)重修碑記(ji)宮(gong)后的(de)(de)岐山,有(you)(you)涼傘樹、“心”字(zi)(zi)石(shi)(shi)、丹(dan)井藥泉等景致。“心”字(zi)(zi)石(shi)(shi)形似(si)人(ren)心,“心”字(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)間一點(dian)卻放在底下。
青礁慈濟宮
歷史沿革
該宮始建于(yu)南宋(song)紹(shao)興二(er)十(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(1151),奉祀北宋(song)著名的民間醫(yi)生吳夲(ben)(ben)(ben)(音tāo )。吳夲(ben)(ben)(ben)(979~1036),字華基,號云沖,出身于(yu)白(bai)礁村(cun)的貧(pin)苦農民家庭,年(nian)(nian)輕時云游(you)四方(fang),拜(bai)師學醫(yi)并(bing)選(xuan)定龍(long)池巖作為其(qi)修道、煉丹、行醫(yi)之(zhi)處。吳夲(ben)(ben)(ben)不僅醫(yi)術高明(ming),且醫(yi)德高尚,治(zhi)病不分貴賤(jian),不取報酬。宋(song)明(ming)道二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1033)漳州(zhou)(zhou)、泉州(zhou)(zhou)瘟疫流(liu)行,因吳夲(ben)(ben)(ben)義診施藥而得以存活者難以計(ji)數。民間還流(liu)傳吳夲(ben)(ben)(ben)治(zhi)愈宋(song)仁宗母(mu)后的乳(ru)癌,被封為“妙道真人”而揚名四海的事跡。景祐(you)三年(nian)(nian)(1036)五月初(chu)二(er),吳夲(ben)(ben)(ben)在(zai)文(wen)圃(pu)山采藥不幸墜崖(ya)而死,時年(nian)(nian)58歲。
吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)逝世的(de)(de)第二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian),即宋仁宗(zong)景(jing)祐四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1037年(nian)(nian)(nian)),白(bai)礁(jiao)村的(de)(de)父老鄉親為紀念(nian)這(zhe)位救死扶傷的(de)(de)名(ming)醫,自發籌款在家鄉建“龍湫庵(an)”,庵(an)內雕塑(su)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)真人(ren)(ren)形(xing)象,虔誠供奉。宋紹(shao)(shao)興二(er)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1150年(nian)(nian)(nian))宋高宗(zong)頒詔動(dong)支銀庫、遣(qian)使(shi)監工(gong),把龍湫庵(an)改建為一座(zuo)宮(gong)殿式的(de)(de)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇,賜名(ming)“慈(ci)濟(ji)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)”。宋紹(shao)(shao)興二(er)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian)),后因進香(xiang)人(ren)(ren)數眾多(duo),又在吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)煉丹(dan)處另(ling)建青礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),由此(ci)形(xing)成東西兩廟(miao)(miao)(miao)。淳祐元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241),奉敕改廟(miao)(miao)(miao)為宮(gong),白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)稱西宮(gong),青礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong),也則(ze)稱東宮(gong),為彰(zhang)示吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)德行,自宋代以來(lai),歷朝皇(huang)帝先后予以追(zhui)賜封(feng)號(hao)之(zhi)殊榮,其中尤以北宋仁宗(zong)追(zhui)封(feng)的(de)(de)“妙道真人(ren)(ren)”和(he)(he)明(ming)成祖追(zhui)封(feng)的(de)(de)“保生大帝”最為著名(ming),吳(wu)(wu)(wu)夲(ben)(ben)亦因此(ci)被(bei)民間稱為“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)真人(ren)(ren)”、“保生大帝”或“大道公”,成為備(bei)受后人(ren)(ren)敬仰(yang)的(de)(de)醫神和(he)(he)鄉土(tu)保護神。明(ming)末(mo)清(qing)初(chu),白(bai)礁(jiao)300多(duo)人(ren)(ren)隨著鄭成功收復臺(tai)灣(wan),對吳(wu)(wu)(wu)真人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)信仰(yang)也隨之(zhi)廣泛傳入臺(tai)灣(wan)和(he)(he)東南亞地區。至今,僅臺(tai)灣(wan)就有數以百計(ji)的(de)(de)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)真人(ren)(ren)宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao),還成立了“臺(tai)灣(wan)保生大帝廟(miao)(miao)(miao)宇聯誼會(hui)”,這(zhe)些經由大陸傳爐的(de)(de)宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)都遙奉漳州(zhou)的(de)(de)白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)和(he)(he)青礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)和(he)(he)為祖廟(miao)(miao)(miao),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)組織(zhi)大規(gui)模進香(xiang)團前(qian)來(lai)舉辦(ban)瞻仰(yang)法會(hui)。
現存青礁慈(ci)濟宮重建(jian)于(yu)清初,系重檐(yan)歇山頂磚石木(mu)結構三進建(jian)筑,坐西朝東,建(jian)筑面積1305平方米(mi)。中(zhong)軸線自東向西逐漸增高(gao),前殿(dian)重樓,由檐(yan)廊、門廳(ting)和(he)鐘鼓樓組(zu)成;中(zhong)殿(dian)為正殿(dian),內(nei)供吳真人神像,殿(dian)前有拜亭(ting)。后(hou)殿(dian)重建(jian)于(yu)1989年,內(nei)供佛道(dao)諸神。三殿(dian)由兩側廊廡通(tong)連。宮內(nei)保存大量珍貴的石雕、木(mu)雕、彩繪藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)品,體現了閩南匠(jiang)師精湛的工藝(yi)(yi)水平。
青礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)還(huan)保(bao)(bao)存(cun)清(qing)康熙(xi)三十(shi)六年(nian)(1697)、嘉慶十(shi)九年(nian)(1814)、咸(xian)豐四(si)年(nian)(1854)和光緒二十(shi)二年(nian)(1896)四(si)方重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)碑記,是研究(jiu)宮(gong)(gong)廟歷代沿革的重(zhong)要文(wen)獻資料,而宮(gong)(gong)廟西(xi)北側山上的丹(dan)井、丹(dan)灶和石(shi)臼,則是吳(wu)夲當年(nian)采制藥草使用過(guo)的文(wen)物。1989年(nian)至1991年(nian),臺灣(wan)的吳(wu)真(zhen)人信徒捐資重(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)三殿。2000年(nian)經國(guo)家文(wen)物局批準,按歷史(shi)原狀修(xiu)(xiu)復魁星樓和武(wu)圣樓。青礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)1988年(nian)被公布為(wei)(wei)市(shi)(shi)級(ji)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位。1991年(nian)被公布為(wei)(wei)省級(ji)文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位。1996年(nian)與白礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)共同(tong)被國(guo)務(wu)院公布為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)(bao)護單(dan)(dan)位,名為(wei)(wei)“青、白礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)(gong)”。2001年(nian),被廈門(men)市(shi)(shi)人民政府公布為(wei)(wei)涉(she)臺文(wen)物古跡。保(bao)(bao)護范圍:由建(jian)筑體向四(si)面(mian)延長(chang)40米為(wei)(wei)界。