景點介紹
在漳(zhang)州角美鎮青(qing)礁(jiao)文圃(pu)山脈岐(qi)山東(dong)鳴嶺下,又稱(cheng)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)東(dong)宮(gong),供(gong)奉宋(song)代民間神醫吳夲(ben)(979-1036年(nian)(nian)(nian),音滔(tao),從(cong)大(da)從(cong)十)。省級(ji)文物保(bao)護單(dan)位宋(song)仁宗景祐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1036年(nian)(nian)(nian)),吳夲(ben)深入(ru)閩南瘟疫流(liu)行地區,拯救萬民,采藥時(shi)不幸落崖謝世。當地人民于其故鄉白(bai)礁(jiao)村,建(jian)“龍(long)湫庵”,雕像祀奉。為白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)前身,宋(song)紹興二十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)廟,宋(song)孝宗賜廟號曰“慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)”;宋(song)淳祐元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1241年(nian)(nian)(nian))改廟為宮(gong),青(qing)礁(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)因方(fang)位在白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)宮(gong)東(dong),故名慈(ci)(ci)濟(ji)東(dong)宮(gong),明成祖封吳夲(ben)為萬壽無極保(bao)生大(da)帝(di),民間俗稱(cheng)大(da)道(dao)公。
宮(gong)(gong)分五殿,飛(fei)檐交(jiao)錯(cuo)。主殿有(you)(you)12根(gen)蟠(pan)龍(long)(long)大(da)(da)石(shi)柱(zhu),上(shang)刻蟠(pan)龍(long)(long)騰云、八仙游(you)山及山川禽(qin)獸(shou)等,其(qi)中一(yi)對石(shi)柱(zhu)如花(hua)瓶狀(zhuang),在福(fu)建的(de)(de)宮(gong)(gong)廟建筑中難得一(yi)見。宮(gong)(gong)內的(de)(de)大(da)(da)幅青石(shi)浮雕(diao)上(shang)刻著(zhu)龍(long)(long)虎(hu)和(he)隋唐故事(shi)(shi),另兩幅石(shi)屏上(shang)則(ze)雕(diao)繪哪(na)吒鬧海的(de)(de)故事(shi)(shi),梁上(shang)木(mu)刻有(you)(you)獅(shi)象(xiang)龍(long)(long)鳳和(he)奇花(hua)異卉,雕(diao)工(gong)精(jing)細,金碧輝煌(huang)。彩(cai)(cai)畫(hua)中有(you)(you)一(yi)幅鳳頭、龍(long)(long)尾、龜身、四腳(jiao)的(de)(de)神物(wu),很是(shi)怪異。畫(hua)著(zhu)傳說故事(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)油彩(cai)(cai)畫(hua)和(he)黑(hei)底描金畫(hua)雖歷經滄(cang)桑,色彩(cai)(cai)依然(ran)鮮(xian)明。殿頂鋪綠色琉璃瓦,四周環飾著(zhu)彩(cai)(cai)陶綴成的(de)(de)各色人物(wu)和(he)12條龍(long)(long)。二層(ceng)閣樓(lou)(lou)中的(de)(de)鐘鼓樓(lou)(lou),藻井為木(mu)拱結(jie)構(gou),層(ceng)層(ceng)疊疊,玲瓏輕巧。樓(lou)(lou)內大(da)(da)鐘鑄于清康(kang)熙(xi)三十六年(nian)(1697年(nian))。宮(gong)(gong)中還保存著(zhu)康(kang)熙(xi)、嘉(jia)慶、咸(xian)豐、光緒等朝代(dai)的(de)(de)重(zhong)修碑記(ji)宮(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)岐山,有(you)(you)涼(liang)傘(san)樹、“心(xin)(xin)”字(zi)石(shi)、丹井藥泉等景致(zhi)。“心(xin)(xin)”字(zi)石(shi)形似人心(xin)(xin),“心(xin)(xin)”字(zi)中間一(yi)點卻放在底下(xia)。
青礁慈濟宮
歷史沿革
該宮始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)南宋(song)紹興二十(shi)一年(nian)(1151),奉祀北宋(song)著名(ming)的民(min)間醫(yi)生吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(音tāo )。吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)(979~1036),字華基,號(hao)云沖,出(chu)身(shen)于(yu)白礁村(cun)的貧(pin)苦農民(min)家庭,年(nian)輕時(shi)云游四(si)方,拜師學醫(yi)并選定龍(long)池巖作為其修道、煉丹、行醫(yi)之處(chu)。吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)不僅(jin)醫(yi)術高(gao)明(ming),且醫(yi)德高(gao)尚(shang),治病不分貴賤(jian),不取報酬。宋(song)明(ming)道二年(nian)(1033)漳(zhang)州、泉州瘟疫流(liu)(liu)行,因(yin)吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)義(yi)診施藥而得以(yi)存(cun)活者難以(yi)計數(shu)。民(min)間還流(liu)(liu)傳吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)治愈宋(song)仁宗母后的乳癌(ai),被(bei)封為“妙(miao)道真人”而揚名(ming)四(si)海的事(shi)跡。景祐(you)三年(nian)(1036)五月初二,吳(wu)夲(ben)(ben)在文圃(pu)山采藥不幸墜崖而死(si),時(shi)年(nian)58歲。
吳(wu)夲逝世的(de)(de)(de)第二年(nian)(nian),即宋(song)仁(ren)宗景(jing)祐(you)四年(nian)(nian)(1037年(nian)(nian)),白(bai)礁(jiao)村的(de)(de)(de)父老鄉親為(wei)(wei)紀念這位救死(si)扶(fu)傷(shang)的(de)(de)(de)名醫(yi),自發籌款在(zai)家鄉建(jian)(jian)“龍(long)湫(qiu)庵”,庵內(nei)雕塑吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)形(xing)(xing)象,虔誠供奉。宋(song)紹(shao)興二十年(nian)(nian)(1150年(nian)(nian))宋(song)高(gao)宗頒詔動支銀(yin)庫、遣使監(jian)工,把(ba)龍(long)湫(qiu)庵改建(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)一座宮(gong)殿式的(de)(de)(de)廟(miao)(miao)宇,賜名“慈(ci)濟廟(miao)(miao)”。宋(song)紹(shao)興二十一年(nian)(nian)(1151年(nian)(nian)),后(hou)(hou)因進香人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)眾多,又在(zai)吳(wu)夲煉丹(dan)處另建(jian)(jian)青(qing)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟廟(miao)(miao),由此形(xing)(xing)成東(dong)西兩(liang)廟(miao)(miao)。淳(chun)祐(you)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(1241),奉敕(chi)改廟(miao)(miao)為(wei)(wei)宮(gong),白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)稱(cheng)西宮(gong),青(qing)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong),也(ye)則稱(cheng)東(dong)宮(gong),為(wei)(wei)彰(zhang)示吳(wu)夲的(de)(de)(de)德行,自宋(song)代以來(lai),歷朝皇帝先后(hou)(hou)予(yu)以追(zhui)賜封號之(zhi)(zhi)殊(shu)榮,其中尤(you)以北宋(song)仁(ren)宗追(zhui)封的(de)(de)(de)“妙道真人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”和明成祖追(zhui)封的(de)(de)(de)“保(bao)生大(da)帝”最為(wei)(wei)著(zhu)名,吳(wu)夲亦因此被民間稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”、“保(bao)生大(da)帝”或“大(da)道公”,成為(wei)(wei)備(bei)受后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)敬仰(yang)的(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)神(shen)和鄉土(tu)保(bao)護神(shen)。明末清(qing)初(chu),白(bai)礁(jiao)300多人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)隨著(zhu)鄭成功(gong)收復臺灣,對(dui)吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)信仰(yang)也(ye)隨之(zhi)(zhi)廣(guang)泛傳(chuan)入臺灣和東(dong)南(nan)亞地區。至今(jin),僅臺灣就有數(shu)以百計的(de)(de)(de)吳(wu)真人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao),還成立了“臺灣保(bao)生大(da)帝廟(miao)(miao)宇聯誼會”,這些經由大(da)陸傳(chuan)爐的(de)(de)(de)宮(gong)廟(miao)(miao)都遙(yao)奉漳州的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)和青(qing)礁(jiao)慈(ci)濟宮(gong)和為(wei)(wei)祖廟(miao)(miao),每年(nian)(nian)組織(zhi)大(da)規模進香團(tuan)前來(lai)舉辦瞻(zhan)仰(yang)法會。
現(xian)存青礁(jiao)慈濟宮重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)于(yu)清初,系(xi)重(zhong)(zhong)檐歇(xie)山頂磚石木結構(gou)三進建(jian)筑(zhu),坐西朝東,建(jian)筑(zhu)面積1305平(ping)方米。中(zhong)軸(zhou)線自東向西逐(zhu)漸(jian)增高,前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)重(zhong)(zhong)樓,由檐廊、門(men)廳和(he)鐘鼓樓組成;中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為正殿(dian)(dian)(dian),內(nei)供吳真人神像,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前有拜亭。后殿(dian)(dian)(dian)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)于(yu)1989年,內(nei)供佛道諸神。三殿(dian)(dian)(dian)由兩側(ce)廊廡通連。宮內(nei)保存大(da)量珍貴的石雕、木雕、彩繪藝術品,體現(xian)了閩南匠師精湛的工藝水平(ping)。
青(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮(gong)還(huan)保存清康熙三(san)(san)十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1697)、嘉(jia)慶(qing)十九年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1814)、咸豐四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1854)和光緒二十二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1896)四(si)方重(zhong)修碑(bei)記,是研(yan)究宮(gong)廟(miao)歷代沿革的(de)(de)重(zhong)要文(wen)(wen)獻資料,而(er)宮(gong)廟(miao)西(xi)北側山上的(de)(de)丹井、丹灶和石臼(jiu),則是吳夲當年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)采制藥草使用過的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),臺灣的(de)(de)吳真人信徒捐資重(zhong)修三(san)(san)殿。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)經國(guo)家文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)局批準,按歷史原狀修復魁星樓和武(wu)圣樓。青(qing)礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮(gong)1988年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)市級文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)(hu)單位(wei)。1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)省級文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)(hu)單位(wei)。1996年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)與白礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮(gong)共同被(bei)國(guo)務院(yuan)公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)國(guo)重(zhong)點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)保護(hu)(hu)單位(wei),名為(wei)(wei)(wei)“青(qing)、白礁(jiao)(jiao)慈濟(ji)宮(gong)”。2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)廈門市人民(min)政府公(gong)布(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)涉臺文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)古跡(ji)。保護(hu)(hu)范圍:由建筑體向四(si)面延長40米為(wei)(wei)(wei)界。